 | |
| Company type | Public |
|---|---|
| Industry | Computer |
| Founded | 1979; 47 years ago (1979) inCleveland, Wisconsin, United States |
| Founder | Steve Voigt |
| Defunct | c. 1996; 30 years ago (1996) |
| Fate | Dissolution |
Innovation Computer Corporation (formerlyInnovation Company) was an American computer company based in thevillage of Cleveland, Wisconsin, and active from 1979 to the early 1990s. The company produced a number ofclones of theIBM PC, as well as several expansions and peripherals, such as theSSI-2001 sound card. Innovation was one of the first American personal computer companies to do business with theSoviet Union in the late 1980s, shortly before itsdissolution in 1991.[1]
Innovation was founded by Steve Voigt as Innovation Company in 1979 and incorporated in thevillage of Cleveland, Wisconsin,[2] off theInterstate 43. Before founding Innovation, Voigt graduated from theUniversity of Wisconsin–Milwaukee with a degree in applied science and engineering in the early 1970s. Shortly after, he gained employment at theKohler Company in Wisconsin, founding their electronics division and becoming an executive at the company. In 1979, he founded Innovation as an electronics consulting firm and designer of circuit boards for industrial applications, chiefly doing business with firms in the Midwestern United States.[3]
In around 1983, Innovation formed a joint venture with Bronson Electronics ofSeymour, Wisconsin, and together they manufactured a color graphics card for theIBM Personal Computer.[3] The two subcontracted manufacturing of the peripheral's circuit boards to various nearby fabricators, including Control Products ofGrafton.[2] Innovation's cards sold well, withComputerLand,Leading Edge Products, andIBM reselling it and including it in their personal computers as value-adds between 1983 and 1986;[4][3] the company reportedly made $4 million in revenue in 1985.[2] In January 1986, ComputerLand ofHayward, California, commissioned Innovation for the design of anIBM PC compatible.[3] Innovation found raising the capital necessary to produce the computer difficult—in Voight's words, "a suicidal attempt"—on account of the skepticism of local investors in raising a high-technology firm in that area of Wisconsin.[5] Unable to manufacture a computer with ComputerLand's specified timeframe, ComputerLand ended up purchasing Innovation's design and had manufacturing outsourced in East Asia.[3][5] ComputerLand's version of Innovation's PC design was branded the BC-88 and resold at ComputerLand's retail locations.[6]
In July 1986, by which point the company had only 10 employees, Innovation finally received $1.2 million in capital from Steve Einhorn, an investor from Milwaukee.[6][5] Immediately after the capital infusion, Innovation began moving into nearbySheboygan, Wisconsin,[2] ultimately leasing a warehouse formerly owned by the Hipke Packing Corporation in which to assemble computers.[3] Although slated for an August 1986 release,[2] their first computer, the 1010 XT, did not ship until June 1987.[7] The 1010 XT specced according to IBM'sPC XT but featured a uniquebackplane design: instead of amotherboard, the computer's processors and critical support circuitry instead reside on an expansion card that slots into one of eight availableISA slots.[8] The computer supports both the standard 4.77 MHz operation of the original IBM PC as well as an 8 MHzturbo mode.[7] Also cutting-edge for the time, the computer comes with a robust hardware configuration and diagnostic utility in theBIOS, bringing it closer toplug-and-play functionality than most PC clones of the era.[8] As ComputerLand had done with the BC-88, Innovation had the 1010 XT manufactured overseas, in South Korea.[6] TheNew York Times gave the 1010 XT a positive review,[8] and by August 1987, Innovation was selling over 500 units a month.[3] Innovation succeeded the 1010 XT with the 2010 AT Personal Workstation, based on IBM'sPC AT.[9]
Innovation repurposed their processor-on-a-card technology for an expansion for Leading Edge'sModel D. Called the Innovation D-Z, the card takes over the Model D's stock 4.77-MHzIntel 8088 and runs the computer off an 7.8 MHz compatible processor; a key combination allows the processor board to revert to the stock clock speed.[10] In April 1988, they released a line of "upgrade kits" allowing users to replace the motherboard of their existing IBM PC or compatible with the 1010 XT backplane and the customer's choice of processor card. Innovation sold these kits on the basis offuture-proofing the customer's existing computer investments. The upgrade kit line included the 1010P (upgrading original PC-class systems to the XT); the 2010P (upgrading PC-class systems to the AT and its80286 processor); the 2010I (upgrading XT-class systems to AT); and the 3020I (upgrading AT-class systems toi386).[9]
Between February 1988 and May 1988, Innovation merged three ways with two other companies: first with software developer New Software International ofAttleboro, Massachusetts, and later with systems integrator California Microelecronics ofCampbell, California.[11][12] All three companies had nascent plans to supply computer products to theSoviet Union, which had difficulty supplying advanced personal computers for itself around the late 1980s.[13] This merger was worked out both to effectively gain more capital for the three companies and to allow the companies to more efficiently supply computer products toELORG, a state-owned organization that was the computer trading arm of the Soviet Union'sMinistry of Foreign Trade.[11][12] The resulting joint venture became known as Elorg Soft, with Innovation supplying the kit of computer components for factories in the Soviet Union to assemble.[13][12]
New Software eventually instigated a de-merger of the three companies, however, seeking another group of companies to do business with. By October 1988, the companies were once again independent.[14] In November 1988, Innovationreverse-merged with a holding company in Boston to form Innovation International.[15][16] The Boston-based company, owned by Frank G. Wright, had also been interested in Soviet computer trading. With the reverse merger, Innovation gained $8 million in capital to expand their lease and accommodate more production lines at their Cleveland headquarters.[14]
In December 1988, Innovation unveiled two 286-based desktop computers, the 2000 ST and the 2000 ET. The 2000 ET was a conventionalpizza-box-style desktop computer with 3.5-inch floppy disk drives, while the 2000 ST was a very-small-form-factor computer enclosed in a 2.5 by 6 by 15 inches (6.4 by 15.2 by 38.1 cm) case. The 2000 ST (nicknamed the Stealth PC) featured a matte black finish and a flat-panel, monochromeplasma display (measuring 8 by 11 by 3 in) with a reticulating metal arm reminiscent of aLuxo lamp and standing base that could optionally be mounted to a wall or affixed to a corner of a desk. This Luxo-esque design predatedApple's similarly designediMac G4 by 14 years.[17][18]
In mid-1989, the company released theSSI-2001 sound card for the IBM PC. Also known as the Innovation Sound Standard, the SSI-2001 is notable for featuring aMOS Technology 6581 "SID" as thesound chip of choice.[19] The so-called SID chip was primarily the domain of theCommodore 64 microcomputer, which despite lacking in processing power compared to the IBM PCs and compatibles of the late 1980s was still lauded for its far superior sound-generating capability.[20] The SSI-2001 received high accolades inByte andCompute! magazines.[20][21]
In November 1988, Innovation International formed a joint venture withNPO Energia of Moscow called I3C (pronouncedI Cubed C), which sold Innovation's computers to various organizations in the Soviet Union.[22] Innovation received its first order via I3C from the Institute for Automated Systems, a Soviet information technology firm.[23] Innovation later received a $6.5-million order for 80286-powered laptops via I3C, to be used inMir, the Soviet Union's last low-orbit space station.[22][24] The Soviets placed another order worth $2 million for Innovation's laptops in March 1991, shortly before their dissolution in December that year.[25] Voigt continued to work with the Russian Federation in the succeeding decades under his successor company American Innovation.[26] Innovation let the rights to their namesake lapse in 1996, by which the company was defunct.[27] For his contributions to space technology, the Russian Federation awarded Voigt with amedallion in the 1990s, sharing this honor with Gorbachev andRonald Reagan.[28]