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Ingrammar, theinessive case (abbreviatedINE; fromLatin:inesse "to be in or at") is alocativegrammatical case. This case carries the basic meaning of "in": for example, "in the house" istalo·ssa inFinnish,maja·s inEstonian,куд·са (kud·sa) inMoksha,etxea·n inBasque,nam·e inLithuanian,sāt·ā inLatgalian andház·ban inHungarian.
In Finnish the inessive case is typically formed by adding-ssa/-ssä. Estonian adds-s to the genitive stem. In Moksha-са (-sa) is added (in Erzya-со (-so)). In Hungarian, thesuffixban/ben is most commonly used for inessive case, although many others, such ason/en/ön and others are also used, especially withcities.
In the Finnish language, the inessive case is considered the first (inEstonian the second) of the six locative cases, which correspond tolocationalprepositions inEnglish. The remaining five cases are:
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TheFinnish language inessive uses thesuffix-ssa or-ssä (depending onvowel harmony). It is usually added tonouns and associatedadjectives.
It is used in the following ways:
In a large part of thesouthwestern,south Ostrobothnian,southeastern as well as in someTavastian dialects, the suffix is simply-s (e.g.maas,talos), similarly to Estonian. This is an example ofapocope. When coupled with apossessive suffix, the result can be like in standard Finnish "maassani, talossani" or a shorter "maasani, talosani" depending on the dialect: the former is more common in Tavastian and southeastern dialects while the latter is more common in southwestern dialects.
Mostcentral and northern Ostrobothnian dialects as well as somesouthwestern andPeräpohjola dialects use a shorter suffix-sa/-sä, e.g.maasa, talosa.[1]
