Indoxacarb is anoxadiazinepesticide developed byDuPont that acts againstlepidopteran larvae.[1] It is marketed under the namesIndoxacarb Technical Insecticide,Steward Insecticide andAvaunt Insecticide. It is also used as the active ingredient in theSyngenta line of commercial pesticides:Advion andArilon.[2][3][4]
In 2021, theEuropean Union[6] chose not to renew Indoxacarb for use as a plant-protection insecticide. TheUnited Kingdom still allows use of the compound until 2025.[7]
Indoxacarb is the active ingredient in a number of householdinsecticides, includingcockroach andant baits, and can remain active after digestion.[10]In 2012 DuPont's Professional Products including the line of Advion and Arilon products was purchased bySyngenta.[11]Indoxacarb is the active ingredient in the pet product, Activyl, fromMerck Animal Health. It is marketed to killfleas on dogs and cats.[12]
While toxicity to humans has not been formally studied, there is a reported case of a person consuming indoxacarb in asuicide attempt.[13] The patient developedmethemoglobinemia following ingestion.[13] Methemoglobinemia (also known as blue baby syndrome) is a condition which ultimately decreases the effectiveness of red blood cells to exchange oxygen with organs. Methemoglobinemia can be fatal if left untreated, however when the cause is exposure to a chemical agent (not genetic) a variety of treatments are available and effective.[14][15]
^Wang, Kai-Yun; Zhang, Yong; Wang, Hong-Yan; Xia, Xiao-Ming; Liu, Tong-Xian (2010-01-01). "Influence of three diets on susceptibility of selected insecticides and activities of detoxification esterases of Helicoverpa assulta (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)".Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology.96 (1):51–55.Bibcode:2010PBioP..96...51W.doi:10.1016/j.pestbp.2009.09.003.
^McCann, Stephen F.; Annis, Gary D.; Shapiro, Rafael; Piotrowski, David W.; Lahm, George P.; Long, Jeffrey K.; Lee, Kevin C.; Hughes, Margaret M.; Myers, Brian J.; Griswold, Sandra M.; Reeves, Bonita M.; March, Robert W.; Sharpe, Paula L.; Lowder, Patrick; Tseng, Paul; Barnette, William E.; Wing, Keith D. (2001-07-23). "Synthesis and Biological Activity of Oxadiazine and Triazine Insecticides: The Discovery of Indoxacarb".Synthesis and Chemistry of Agrochemicals VI. ACS Symposium Series. Vol. 800.Washington, DC:American Chemical Society. pp. 166–177.doi:10.1021/bk-2002-0800.ch016.ISBN9780841237834.ISSN0097-6156.
^Ludlow, John T.; Wilkerson, Richard G.; Nappe, Thomas M. (2023),"Methemoglobinemia",StatPearls, Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing,PMID30726002, retrieved2023-09-01
