Movatterモバイル変換

Indochinese box turtle

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Species of turtle

Indochinese box turtle

Northern Vietnamese box turtle Cuora galbinifrons galbinifrons
Conservation status
Critically Endangered (IUCN 3.1)^[1]
CITES Appendix I ^[2]
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Reptilia
Order:	Testudines
Suborder:	Cryptodira
Family:	Geoemydidae
Genus:	Cuora
Species:	C. galbinifrons
Binomial name
*Cuora galbinifrons* Bourret, 1939
Synonyms^[3]
Cuora galbinifrons galbinifrons Cuora galbinifronsBourret, 1939 Cyclemus flavomarginata hainanensisLi, 1958 Cuora hainanensisZhao, 1975 Cyclemys flavomarginata hainanensisWermuth & Mertens, 1977 Cistoclemmys galbinifronsBour, 1980 Cistoclemmys hainanensisIverson, 1985 Cuora flavomarginata hainanensisObst, 1985 Cistoclemmys flavomarginata hainanensisGroombridge, 1988 Cuora galbinifrons galbinifronsIverson & McCord, 1992 Cuora galbinifrons hainanensisIverson & McCord, 1992 Cistoclemmys galbinifrons galbinifronsBour, 2002 Cistoclemmys galbinifrons hainanensisBour, 2002 Cuora galbinifrons bourreti Cuora galbinifrons bourretiObst & Reimann, 1994 Cistoclemmys galbinifrons bourretiBour, 2002 Cuora bourretiStuart & Parham, 2004 Cistoclemmys bourretiVetter, 2006 Cuora galbinifrons picturata Cuora galbinifrons picturataLehr, Fritz & Obst, 1998 Cistoclemmys galbinifrons picturataBour, 2002 Cuora picturataStuart & Parham, 2004 Cistoclemmys picturataVetter, 2006

TheIndochinese box turtle,Vietnamese box turtle, orflowerback box turtle (Cuora galbinifrons) is aspecies ofAsian box turtles fromChina (Hainan and Guangxi), northern and centralVietnam,Laos, and possibly northeasternCambodia. It is found in high altitude woodland where it tends to hide in the undergrowth. There is considerable confusion as to the taxonomy of this species with several subspecies being recognised by some authorities. and not by others. TheInternational Union for Conservation of Nature has rated its conservation status as "critically endangered".

Taxonomy

[edit]

The northern Vietnamese box turtleC. g. galbinifrons was described by Bourret in 1939, but it took nearly 40 years until the first specimens were imported to Europe and the United States. This subspecies occurs in extreme southernGuangxi Province, China, northern Vietnam, and probably northern Laos and onHainan Island (China). The population from Hainan was once considered to represent a distinct species^[4] or at least subspecies,^[5]C. (galbinifrons) hainanensis.^[6] Li, 1958, was not aware of the description from Bourret (1939) ofC. galbinifrons and thus believed to have a new subspecies ofCuora flavomarginata the onlyCuora species known at this time with at least some similarities. According to some, specimens from Hainan do not always have fully black plastrons (always the case in mainlandC. g. galbinifrons), but sometimes lighter parts. Furthermore, their carapaces show more red pigmentation and brown spots. Genetic and morphologic studies believe it to be a synonym ofC.g. galbinifrons, however.

The central Vietnamese flowerback box turtle (Cuora (galbinifrons) bourreti) occurs in central Vietnam and adjacent Laos, and possibly in northeastern Cambodia. The most notable difference to the nominate race is the distinct plastral pattern, where only smaller black blotches (sometimes none at all) occur.

Described as a subspecies^[7] ofC. galbinifrons, genetic studies^[8] have shown it to be quite distinct, possibly to the extent of a separate species, i.e.,Cuora bourreti as is the case withCuora picturata,^[9] once also considered a subspecies ofC. galbinifrons. However, osteologic studies^[10] have shown thatC. g. bourreti probably better remains as a subspecies ofC. galbinifrons. This is also substantiated by the finding of intergradation zones in north-central Vietnam, where hybrid populations ofC. g. galbinifrons andC. g. bourreti are known to exist.^[11] The status ofC. picturata is uncertain, while this is the morphologically and phenotypically the most distinct variety, authors^[12] treat it as a subspecies ofC. galbinifrons again. Herein, it is treated as a separate but closely related species.

Specimens of at least the northern and central Vietnamesetaxa hybridize—apparently in the wild—withkeeled box turtle males to produce the turtles once considered a separate species or subspecies,Cuora serrata.

Status

[edit]

All populations of Indochinese box turtle are in decline and the conservation situation is made more acute by the diversity of subspecies. Without trying to resolve these taxonomic issues, theInternational Union for Conservation of Nature has rated the conservation status of the species as "critically endangered".^[1]

Gallery

[edit]

C. g. galbinifrons, dorsal view (Hainan)
C. g. galbinifrons, plastral view (Vietnam)
C. g. bourreti, lateral view, light-colored variety (Cambodia/Laos)
C. g. bourreti, plastral view of the dark-colored Vietnamese variety
C. g. bourreti, lateral view of the dark-colored Vietnamese variety

References

[edit]

^^a ^bLi, P.; McCormack, T.; Rao, D.-Q.; Shi, H.; Stuart, B.L.; Wang, L. (2020)."Cuora galbinifrons".IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.2020 e.T97357437A123816666.doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T97357437A123816666.en. Retrieved19 November 2021.
^"Appendices | CITES".cites.org. Retrieved2022-01-14.
^Fritz Uwe; Peter Havaš (2007)."Checklist of Chelonians of the World".Vertebrate Zoology.57 (2):216–217.doi:10.3897/vz.57.e30895.
^Zhao, 1975
^Iverson & McCord, 1992
^Li, 1958: org desc.Cyclemys flavomarginata hainanensis)
^Obst & Reimann, 1994
^Stuart & Parham 2004
^Lehr et al. 1998
^Fritzet al.. 2006
^Fritzet al.. 2003
^Fritz & Havas (2006)

Fritz, Uwe; Auer, Markus & Petzold, Antje (2006)."Osteology in theCuora galbinifrons complex suggests conspecificity ofC. bourreti andC. galbinifrons, with notes on shell osteology and phalangeal formulae within the Geoemydidae".Amphibia-Reptilia.27 (2):195–205.doi:10.1163/156853806777240029.
Fritz, U., Ziegler, T., Herrmann, H.-W., Lehr, E., 2002. Intergradation between subspecies ofCuora galbinifrons Bourret, 1939 andPyxidea mouhotii (Gray, 1862) in southern North Vietnam. Faun. Abh. Mus. Tierk. Dresden, 23: 59–74.
Obst, F.J., Reimann, M., 1994. Bemerkenswerte Variabilität beiCuora galbinifrons Bourret, 1939, mit Beschreibung einer neuen geographischen Unterart:Cuora galbinifrons bourreti subsp. nov. Zool. Abh. Mus. Tierk. Dresden, 48: 125–138.
Stuart, Bryan L & Parham, James Ford (2004). "Molecular phylogeny of the critically endangered Indochinese box turtle (Cuora galbinifrons)".Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution.31 (1):164–177.Bibcode:2004MolPE..31..164S.doi:10.1016/S1055-7903(03)00258-6.PMID 15019617.

External links

[edit]

Cuora galbinifrons galbinifrons - Visual Determination of Subspecies by Chris Tabaka,DVM. Retrieved 2007-SEP-1.

FamilyGeoemydidae

Kingdom:Animalia
Phylum:Chordata
Class:Reptilia
Subclass:Anapsida
Order:Testudines
Suborder:Cryptodira
Superfamily:Testudinoidea
Family:Geoemydidae

Genera

Species of the familyGeoemydidae

†Banhxeochelys

†Banhxeochelys trani

Batagur

Cuora

Cyclemys

†Echmatemys

Geoclemys

Black pond turtle

Geoemyda

Hardella

Brahminy river turtle

Heosemys

Leucocephalon

Sulawesi forest turtle

Malayemys

Mauremys

Melanochelys

Morenia

Notochelys

Malayan flat-shelled turtle

Orlitia

Malaysian giant turtle

Pangshura

Rhinoclemmys

Sacalia

Siebenrockiella

Vijayachelys

Cane turtle

Phylogenetic arrangement of turtles based onturtles of the world 2017 update: Annotated checklist and atlas of taxonomy, synonymy, distribution, and conservation status. †=Extinct.

Testudines

Kingdom:Animalia
Phylum:Chordata
Class:Reptilia
Clade:Diapsida
Order:Testudines

Genus

Chelonioidea
(Sea turtles)

Cheloniidae	†Allopleuron Caretta †Carolinochelys Chelonia †Eochelone Eretmochelys †Gigantatypus †Glarichelys †Itilochelys Lepidochelys †Mexichelys †Miocaretta Natator †Pacifichelys †Syllomus †Tasbacka
Dermochelyidae	†Arabemys †Corsochelys †Cosmochelys Dermochelys †Eosphargis †Mesodermochelys †Psephophorus
	†Euclastes †Peritresius †Procolpochelys †Protosphargis †Puppigerus

Kinosternoidea

Dermatemydidae	Dermatemys
Kinosternidae	Claudius †Hoplochelys Kinosternon Staurotypus Sternotherus

Testudinoidea

Emydidae	†Acherontemys Chrysemys Clemmys Deirochelys Emys Actinemys Emydoidea Glyptemys Graptemys Malaclemys Pseudemys Terrapene Trachemys †Wilburemys
Geoemydidae	Batagur †Banhxeochelys Cuora Cyclemys Geoclemys Geoemyda Hardella Heosemys Leucocephalon Malayemys Mauremys Melanochelys Morenia Notochelys Orlitia Pangshura Rhinoclemmys Sacalia Siebenrockiella Vijayachelys
Platysternidae	Platysternon
Testudinidae	Aldabrachelys Astrochelys Centrochelys Chelonoidis Chersina Cylindraspis †Cymatholcus †Floridemys Geochelone Gopherus †Hadrianus †Hesperotestudo Homopus Indotestudo Kinixys Malacochersus Manouria †Megalochelys †Oligopherus Psammobates Pyxis †Solitudo Stigmochelys †Stylemys Testudo

Trionychia

Carettochelyidae	†Allaeochelys †Anosteira Carettochelys
Trionychidae	Amyda Apalone †Axestemys Chitra Cyclanorbis Cycloderma †Drazinderetes Dogania †Gilmoremys †Hutchemys †Khunnuchelys Lissemys Nilssonia Palea †Palaeoamyda Pelochelys Pelodiscus Rafetus Trionyx
	†Basilochelys †Sinaspideretes

Chelydridae	Chelydra †Chelydrops †Chelydropsis †Emarginachelys †Macrocephalochelys Macrochelys †Planiplastron †Protochelydra
†Nanhsiungchelyidae	†Anomalochelys †Basilemys †Jiangxichelys
†Protostegidae	†Alienochelys †Archelon †Atlantochelys †Bouliachelys †Calcarichelys †Cratochelone †Desmatochelys †Iserosaurus †Notochelone †Ocepechelon †Pneumatoarthrus †Protostega †Rhinochelys †Santanachelys †Terlinguachelys
	†Adocus †Argillochelys †Bashuchelys †Ctenochelys †Prionochelys †Toxochelys

Pleurodira

†Araripemydidae	†Araripemys
†Bothremydidae	†Araiochelys †Arenila †Azabbaremys †Bothremys †Cearachelys †Chedighaii †Chupacabrachelys †Eotaphrosphys †Foxemys †Galianemys †Ilatardia †Inaechelys †Itapecuruemys †Jainemys †Kinkonychelys †Kurmademys †Labrostochelys †Nigeremys †Phosphatochelys †Polysternon †Puentemys †Rosasia †Rhothonemys †Sankuchemys †Taphrosphys †Ummulisani †Zolhafah
Chelidae	Acanthochelys Chelodina Chelus Elseya Elusor Emydura Hydromedusa †Lomalatachelys Mesoclemmys Myuchelys Phrynops Platemys †Prochelidella Pseudemydura Rheodytes Rhinemys †Yaminuechelys
Pelomedusidae	Pelomedusa Pelusios
Podocnemididae	†Albertwoodemys †Bauruemys †Brontochelys †Caninemys †Carbonemys †Cerrejonemys †Cordichelys Erymnochelys †Lapparentemys †Latentemys Peltocephalus Podocnemis †Stupendemys
†Sahonachelyidae	†Sahonachelys †Sokatra

	†Caribemys †Caririemys †Tacuarembemys

Phylogenetic arrangement of turtles based onTurtles of the World 2017 Update: Annotated Checklist and Atlas of Taxonomy, Synonymy, Distribution, and Conservation Status. † = extinct.

See alsoList of Testudines families

Taxon identifiers
Cuora galbinifrons	Wikidata:Q304965 Wikispecies:Cuora galbinifrons ADW:Cuora_galbinifrons BOLD:28785 CoL:6C3PF EoL:1056710 GBIF:2443503 iNaturalist:73733 IRMNG:10866000 ITIS:551910 IUCN:97357437 NCBI:204968 Observation.org:98628 Open Tree of Life:85387 Paleobiology Database:373875 RD:galbinifrons Species+:10210

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Indochinese_box_turtle&oldid=1314806530"

Categories:

Hidden categories:

[8]ページ先頭