Indigenous peoples in Quebec (Canadian French:peuples autochtones du Québec) total eleven distinctethnic groups. The oneInuit community and tenFirst Nations communities number 141,915 people and account for approximately two per cent of the population ofQuebec, Canada.
TheAbenaki comprise twoFirst Nations communities named the Odanak First Nation (inOdanak, nearSorel) and theWolinak First Nation (inWôlinak, nearTrois-Rivières). They are approximately 1,900 people on the tworeserves.
TheAlgonquin, who refer to themselves asAnishinaabeg, comprise nine First Nations who live in communities located in theOutaouais andAbitibi-Témiscamingue regions of Quebec. These First Nations communities are:
The Algonquin number approximately 12,000 people.
The threeAtikamekw (sometimes spelled Atikamek) bands live in four communities located in theMauricie region of Quebec. These First Nations are:
The Atikamek number approximately 4,900 people.
TheCree are the most populous nation in theAlgonquian-language family. The majority live in Quebec andOntario, but Cree also live inManitoba,Alberta, andSaskatchewan. There are 10 Cree First Nations communities in northern Quebec. They are the:
The Cree of Quebec number approximately 25,000 people.
The Malécite (orMaliseet, in an older English spelling) in Quebec comprise one First Nation, theWolastoqiyik Wahsipekuk (Viger) First Nation, whose members live in two communities located in theBas-Saint-Laurent region of Quebec. The communities areCacouna andKataskomiq. They number approximately 570 people.
TheMi'kmaq (or Micmac, in an older English spelling) live in the CanadianMaritime provinces and the Quebec region of theGaspé Peninsula (French=Gaspésie). In Quebec, they number approximately 4,300 people and comprise three First Nations communities:
TheInnu (formerly referred to as the Montagnais) comprise nine First Nations in theCôte-Nord region of Quebec. These First Nations are:
The Innu number approximately 18,000 people.
TheNaskapi live in northern Quebec. They comprise one First Nation, theNaskapi Nation of Kawawachikamach, based inKawawachikamach. They number approximately 1,000 people.
The Naskapi are recognized as a distinct nation by the governments of Quebec and Canada; however, they are often considered to be Innu living in a remote area.
Their main language isNaskapi and their second language is English. The Naskapi committee is known as the NLMB (The Naskapi Local Management Board).
TheWendat, members of theHuron-Wendat Nation, live inWendake, areserve enclosed withinQuebec City. Their original homeland was inOntario. They number about 2,800 people. Their original language wasWendat, in theIroquoian-language family.
TheMohawk of Quebec number approximately 13,000 people. They comprise the three followingFirst Nations, which were established at these locations in the colonial period:
Inuit areIndigenous Canadian peoples who were isolated from Europeans longer than other indigenous groups. This is because they live in a cold and remote part of the world calledInuit Nunangat, the large territory encompassing all Inuit regions in Canada.Nunavik, the Quebec part of Inuit Nunangat, is where all of Quebec'snorthern village municipalities (Municipalité de village nordique, abbreviated as VN are located and the residents are almost all Inuit and are known asNunavimmiut .[1]
There are 14 Inuit northern villages, all of which are coastal and regulated by theKativik Regional Government:
In 2015, Quebec's Inuit numbered 12,129 people.[2] As of 2023, 98% of Nunavik's residents speakNunavimmiutitut, a local dialect ofInuktitut and part of theEskaleut language family, as their native language. They also know English and French because they are taught these languages in school.[3]
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