| Indiana Jones | |
|---|---|
 Official franchise logo | |
| Created by | George Lucas |
| Original work | Raiders of the Lost Ark |
| Owner | |
| Years | 1981–present |
| Print publications | |
| Comics | Indiana Jones (1981–2010) |
| Films and television | |
| Film(s) |
|
| Television series | The Young Indiana Jones Chronicles (1992–1993) |
| Audio | |
| Soundtrack(s) | |
| Miscellaneous | |
| Theme park attractions | |
| Pinball | Indiana Jones: The Pinball Adventure (1993) |
Indiana Jones is an Americanmedia franchise consisting of five films and a prequel television series, along with games, comics, and tie-in novels, that depicts the adventures ofDr. Henry Walton "Indiana" Jones, Jr. (portrayed in all films byHarrison Ford), afictionalprofessor ofarchaeology.
The series began in 1981 with the filmRaiders of the Lost Ark. In 1984, a prequel,Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom, was released, and in 1989, a sequel,Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade. A fourth film followed in 2008, titledIndiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull. A fifth and final film, titledIndiana Jones and the Dial of Destiny, was theatrically released on June 30, 2023.[1][2] The series was created byGeorge Lucas. The first four films were directed bySteven Spielberg, who worked closely with Lucas during their production, while the fifth film was directed byJames Mangold. In 1992, the franchise expanded to a television series withThe Young Indiana Jones Chronicles, exploring the character in his childhood and youth. It included adventures with his parents and real life historical figures from the early twentieth century.
Marvel Comics began publishingThe Further Adventures of Indiana Jones in 1983, andDark Horse Comics gained the comic book rights to the character in 1991. Novelizations of the films have been published, as well as many novels with original adventures, including a series of German novels byWolfgang Hohlbein, twelve novels set before the films published byBantam Books, and a series set during the character's childhood inspired by the television show. NumerousIndiana Jones video games have been released since 1982.
In 1973,George Lucas wroteThe Adventures of Indiana Smith.[3] LikeStar Wars, it was an opportunity to create a modern version of themovie serials of the 1930s and 1940s.[4][5] Lucas discussed the concept withPhilip Kaufman, who worked with him for several weeks and decided upon theArk of the Covenant as theMacGuffin. The project was stalled whenClint Eastwood hired Kaufman to writeThe Outlaw Josey Wales.[6] In May 1977, Lucas was inMaui, trying to escape the worldwide success ofStar Wars. His friend and colleagueSteven Spielberg was also there, on vacation from work onClose Encounters of the Third Kind. Spielberg told Lucas he was interested in making aJames Bond film, but Lucas pitched him of an idea "better than James Bond", outlining the plot ofRaiders of the Lost Ark. Spielberg loved it, calling it "a James Bond film without thehardware",[7] and had the character's surname changed to Jones.[5] Spielberg and Lucas made a deal withParamount Pictures for fiveIndiana Jones films.[7]
Spielberg and Lucas aimed to makeIndiana Jones and the Temple of Doom much darker, because of their personal moods following their respective breakups and divorces. Lucas made the film a prequel because he did not want the Nazis to be the villains again. He had ideas regarding theMonkey King and a haunted castle, but eventually created the Sankara Stones, that would be used in the film.[8] He hiredWillard Huyck andGloria Katz to write the script; he knew of their interest inIndian culture.[9] The major scenes that were dropped fromRaiders of the Lost Ark were included in this film: an escape using a giant rolling gong as a shield, a fall out of a plane in a raft, and a mine cart chase.[5] For the third film, Spielberg revisited the Monkey King and haunted castle concepts, before Lucas suggested theHoly Grail. Spielberg had previously rejected this as too ethereal, but then devised a father-son story and decided that "The Grail that everybody seeks could be a metaphor for a son seeking reconciliation with a father and a father seeking reconciliation with a son."[10]
Following the 1989 release ofIndiana Jones and the Last Crusade, Lucas let the series end as he felt he could not think of a good plot device to drive the next installment and chose instead to produceThe Young Indiana Jones Chronicles, which explored the character in his early years. Ford played Indiana in one episode, narrating his adventures in 1920 Chicago. When Lucas shot Ford's role in December 1992, he realized that the scene opened up the possibility of a film with an older Indiana set in the 1950s. The film could reflect a science fiction1950s B-movie, with aliens as the plot device.[11] Ford disliked the new angle, telling Lucas: "No way am I being in a Steven Spielberg movie like that."[12] Spielberg himself, who depicted aliens inClose Encounters of the Third Kind andE.T. the Extra-Terrestrial, resisted it. Lucas devised a story, whichJeb Stuart turned into a script from October 1993 to May 1994.[11] Lucas wanted Indiana to get married, which would allowHenry Jones Sr. to return, expressing concern over whether his son is happy with what he has accomplished. After learning thatJoseph Stalin was interested in psychic warfare, Lucas decided to have Russians as the villains and the aliens to have psychic powers.[13] Following Stuart's next draft, Lucas hiredLast Crusade writerJeffrey Boam to write the next three versions, the last of which was completed in March 1996. Three months later,Independence Day was released, and Spielberg told Lucas he would not make another alien invasion film (or at least not untilWar of the Worlds in 2005). Lucas decided to focus on theStar Wars prequels instead.[11]
In 2000, Spielberg's son asked when the nextIndiana Jones film would be released, which made him interested in reviving the project.[14] The same year, Ford, Lucas, Spielberg,Frank Marshall, andKathleen Kennedy met during theAmerican Film Institute's tribute to Ford, and decided they wanted to enjoy the experience of making anIndiana Jones film again. Spielberg also found returning to the series a respite from his many dark films during this period.[15] Spielberg and Lucas discussed the central idea of a B-movie involving aliens, and Lucas suggested usingcrystal skulls to ground the idea. Lucas found these artifacts as fascinating as the Ark,[16] and had intended to feature them for aYoung Indiana Jones episode before the show's cancellation.[11]M. Night Shyamalan was hired to write for an intended 2002 shoot,[14] but he was overwhelmed by the task, and claimed it was difficult to get Ford, Spielberg, and Lucas to focus.[17]Stephen Gaghan andTom Stoppard were also approached.[14]
Frank Darabont, who wrote variousYoung Indiana Jones episodes, was hired to write in May 2002.[18] His script, titledIndiana Jones and the City of Gods,[11] was set in the 1950s, with ex-Nazis pursuing Jones.[19] Spielberg conceived the idea because of real-life figures such asJuan Perón in Argentina, who allegedly protected Nazi war criminals.[11] Darabont claimed Spielberg loved the script, but Lucas had issues with it, and decided to take over writing himself.[11] Lucas and Spielberg acknowledged that the 1950s setting could not ignore theCold War, and the Russians were more plausible villains. Spielberg decided he could not satirize the Nazis after directingSchindler's List,[20] while Ford felt "We plum[b] wore the Nazis out."[12] Darabont's main contribution was reintroducingMarion Ravenwood as Indiana's love interest, but he gave them a 13-year-old daughter, which Spielberg decided was too similar toThe Lost World: Jurassic Park.[11]
Jeff Nathanson met with Spielberg and Lucas in August 2004, and turned in the next drafts in October and November 2005, titledThe Atomic Ants.David Koepp continued on from there, giving his script the subtitleDestroyer of Worlds,[11] based on theJ. Robert Oppenheimer quote. It was changed toKingdom of the Crystal Skull, as Spielberg found this a more inviting title which actually named the plot device.[21] Koepp wanted to depict the character of Mutt as a nerd, but Lucas refused, explaining he had to resembleMarlon Brando inThe Wild One; "he needs to be what Indiana Jones's father thought of [him] – the curse returns in the form of his own son – he's everything a father can't stand".[11] Koepp collaborated withLawrence Kasdan on the film's "love dialogue".[22]
Development of the fifth film began in 2008, but the project stalled for years.[23][24] In 2012,The Walt Disney Company acquiredLucasfilm, the series' production company, thereby becoming the owner of theIndiana Jones intellectual property.[25] The following year,Walt Disney Studios acquired the distribution and marketing rights to futureIndiana Jones films, with Paramount retaining the distribution rights to the first four films and receiving "financial participation" from any additional films.[26][27][28][29] Development on the film continued, eventually forming intoIndiana Jones and the Dial of Destiny. The film was directed byJames Mangold, who co-wrote the script withJez andJohn-Henry Butterworth.[30][31] Spielberg was initially set to direct the film, before passing it to Mangold. Spielberg instead served as an executive producer with Lucas, along with producers Kennedy and Marshall.[32] Ford reprised the title role, along withKaren Allen andJohn Rhys-Davies and new cast members includedPhoebe Waller-Bridge,Mads Mikkelsen,Thomas Kretschmann,Boyd Holbrook,Shaunette Renée Wilson,Toby Jones andAntonio Banderas.[33][34] The film was co-produced by Lucasfilm andWalt Disney Pictures, marking the first film in the series with Disney's involvement.[35] Filming eventually began in the United Kingdom in June 2021[36][37] and wrapped in February 2022.[38] It was Ford's last time playing the title character and is the last film in the franchise overall.[39]Indiana Jones and the Dial of Destiny was released by Disney on June 30, 2023.[40]
| Film | U.S. release date | Year of setting | Director | Screenwriter(s) | Story by | Producer(s) | Distributed by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Raiders of the Lost Ark | June 12, 1981 (1981-06-12) | 1936 | Steven Spielberg | Lawrence Kasdan | George Lucas andPhilip Kaufman | Frank Marshall | Paramount Pictures |
| Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom | May 23, 1984 (1984-05-23) | 1935 | Gloria Katz &Willard Huyck | George Lucas | Robert Watts | ||
| Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade | May 24, 1989 (1989-05-24) | 1912/1938 | Jeffrey Boam | Menno Meyjes and George Lucas | |||
| Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull | May 22, 2008 (2008-05-22) | 1957 | David Koepp | George Lucas andJeff Nathanson | Frank Marshall | ||
| Indiana Jones and the Dial of Destiny | June 30, 2023 (2023-06-30) | 1944/1969 | James Mangold | Jez Butterworth &John-Henry Butterworth and James Mangold and David Koepp | Simon Emanuel, Frank Marshall &Kathleen Kennedy | Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures | |
The first film is set in 1936, one year afterThe Temple of Doom.Indiana Jones (Harrison Ford) is hired by government agents to locate theArk of the Covenant, the gold plated chest containing the stone tabletsMoses used to inscribe theTen Commandments before theNazi Germans steal it for themselves. The Nazis haveteams searching for religious artifacts, including the Ark, which is rumored to make an army that carries the Ark before it invincible.[41] The Nazis are being helped by Indiana's arch-rival and French archaeologist René Belloq (Paul Freeman). With the help of his former lover and tough bar ownerMarion Ravenwood (Karen Allen) and his excavator friendSallah (John Rhys-Davies), Indiana manages to recover the Ark inEgypt. The Nazis steal the Ark and capture Indiana and Marion. Belloq and the Nazis perform a ceremony to open the Ark, but when they do so, all they find inside is sand. Suddenly, spirits come out of the Ark and the Nazis are all killed by the Ark's wrath. Indiana and Marion, who survived by closing their eyes, manage to get the Ark to the United States, where it is stored in a secret government warehouse.
The second film is set in 1935, one year beforeRaiders of the Lost Ark. Indiana escapes Chinese gangsters led by Lao Che with the help of singer/actress Willie Scott (Kate Capshaw) and his twelve-year-old sidekickShort Round (Ke Huy Quan). The trio crash-land in India, where they come across a Punjabi village whose children have been kidnapped. TheThuggee cult led by Mola Ram (Amrish Puri) has also taken the holySankara Stones, which they will use to take over the world. Indiana manages to overcome Mola Ram's evil power, rescues the children and returns the stones to their rightful place, overcoming his own mercenary nature. The film has been noted as an outlier in the franchise, as it does not feature Indy's university or any antagonistic political entity, and is less focused on archaeology, being presented as a dark movie with gross-out elements,human sacrifice and torture.
The third film is set in 1938, two years afterRaiders of the Lost Ark. Indiana and his friend Marcus Brody (Denholm Elliott) are assigned by American businessman Walter Donovan (Julian Glover) to find theHoly Grail. They are teamed up with Dr. Elsa Schneider (Alison Doody), following on from where Indiana's estranged father Henry (Sean Connery) left off before he disappeared. It transpires that Donovan and Elsa are in league with the Nazis, who captured Henry Jones to get Indiana to help them find the Grail. However, Indiana recovers his father's diary filled with his research, and manages to rescue him before finding the location of the Grail. Both Donovan and Elsa fall to the temptation of the Grail, while Indiana and Henry realize that their relationship with each other is more important than finding the relic.
The fourth film is set in 1957, nineteen years afterThe Last Crusade. Indiana is having a quiet life teaching before being thrust into a new adventure. He races against agents of theSoviet Union, led by Irina Spalko (Cate Blanchett) for acrystal skull. His journey takes him acrossNevada,Connecticut,Peru, and theAmazon rainforest in Brazil. Faced with betrayal by one of his best friends, Mac (Ray Winstone), Indiana is introduced to agreaser namedMutt Williams (Shia LaBeouf), who turns out to be his son (his real name revealed to be Henry Jones III), and is reunited with, and eventually marries, Marion Ravenwood, who was the lead female character introduced in the first movie.
The fifth and final film is set in 1969, twelve years afterThe Kingdom of the Crystal Skull. Indiana has moved toNew York City, teaching atHunter College with plans to retire, after his marriage with Marion collapsed following Mutt's death in theVietnam War. Once his estranged goddaughter Helena Shaw (Phoebe Waller-Bridge) arrives asking forArchimedes' Dial, a relic Jones and her father Basil (Toby Jones) retrieved from the Nazis in 1944 during theAllied liberation of Europe inWorld War II. ANazi-turned-NASA scientist Jürgen Voller (Mads Mikkelsen) starts pursuing Jones, wanting to exploit the Dial's unusual properties to change the outcome of World War II. Indiana's journey takes him toMorocco,Greece, andItaly, where he inadvertently ends up traveling back in time to the212 BC Siege of Syracuse after Voller uses the Dial to locate atime fissure in hopes of assassinatingAdolf Hitler prior to theInvasion of Poland to usurp him and lead the Nazis to victory. Upon returning to New York in the present time, Indiana reconciles with Marion.
| Season | Episodes | Originally released | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| First released | Last released | Network | |||
| 1 | 6 | March 4, 1992 (1992-03-04) | April 8, 1992 (1992-04-08) | ABC | |
| 2 | 22 | September 21, 1992 (1992-09-21) | July 24, 1993 (1993-07-24) | ||
| TV films | 4 | October 15, 1994 (1994-10-15) | June 16, 1996 (1996-06-16) | The Family Channel | |
A television series titledThe Young Indiana Jones Chronicles (1992–1996) featured three incarnations of the character:Sean Patrick Flanery played Indiana aged 16–21;Corey Carrier played an 8- to 10-year-old version in several episodes; andGeorge Hall narrated the show as the 93-year-old Jones, who bookended each episode. Lucas began developing the series in 1990 as "edutainment" that would be more cerebral than the films. The show was his first collaboration with producerRick McCallum, and he wrote the stories for each episode. Writers and directors on the show includedCarrie Fisher,Frank Darabont,Vic Armstrong,Ben Burtt,Terry Jones,Nicolas Roeg,Mike Newell andJoe Johnston. In theChronicles, Jones crosses paths with many historical figures, played by stars such asDaniel Craig,Christopher Lee,Bob Peck,Jeffrey Wright,Marc Warren,Catherine Zeta-Jones,Elizabeth Hurley,Anne Heche,Vanessa Redgrave,Julian Fellowes,Timothy Spall and Harrison Ford as a 50-year-old Indiana in one episode (taking the usual place of Hall).[42][43][44]
The show was filmed in over 25 countries for over 150 weeks. Season one was shot from March 1991 to March 1992; the second season began two months later and wrapped in April 1993.[45] TheABC network was unsure of Lucas's cerebral approach, and attempted to advertise the series as an action-adventure like the films. Ratings were good if unspectacular, and ABC was nervous enough to put the show on hiatus after six episodes until September 1992.[42] With only four episodes left of the second season to air, ABC eventually sold the show to theFamily Channel, who changed the format from 50-minute episodes to 90-minute TV movies. Filming for the final four episodes took place from January 1994 to May 1996.[45]The Young Indiana Jones Chronicles received a mixed reception from fans, although it won 10Emmy Awards out of 23 nominations, as well as a 1994Golden Globe nomination for Best Drama series. It was also an experimentation ground in digital effects forLucasfilm.[42]
The original broadcast versions of some episodes were briefly released in Japan on laserdisc in 1993 and on VHS in 1994. However, Lucas re-edited and restructured the show for its worldwide home video release. Major structural changes were made, including the complete removal of the 'bookend' sections narrated by the 93-year-old Jones. The editing combined episodes together into creating roughly an hour and a half movies to streamline the series into a more consistent structure. Approximately half of the series was released on VHS in various markets around the world in 1999, but the entire series was not released until its DVD debut, in a series of three boxsets released from 2007 to 2008, to tie in with the theatrical debut ofKingdom of the Crystal Skull. Among other extras, the DVDs include approximately 100 new historical featurettes.
In November 2022, it was reported that Lucasfilm was developing anIndiana Jones series forDisney+. The series was set to be a prequel toRaiders of the Lost Ark and would have been the second prequel series followingThe Young Indiana Jones Chronicles.[46] However, by March 2023, Lucasfilm was reported to have canceled the planned prequel series to focus on theStar Wars franchise, this being similarly cited as the reason behind the cancellation of the fellow non-Star Wars Lucasfilm showWillow.[47] On May 11, Lucasfilm presidentKathleen Kennedy expressed interest in continuing theIndiana Jones franchise through a television series centering on characters aside from Jones, due toHarrison Ford retiring from the role afterDial of Destiny.[48]
Since the release of the original film, there have been a number of video games based on the Indiana Jones series. These include both games based on (or derived from) the films, as well as those featuring the characters in new storylines.
This section includes characters who will appear or have appeared in theIndiana Jones film franchise.
| Film | Executive producers | Composer | Editor | Cinematographer | Production company | Distributor |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Raiders of the Lost Ark | George Lucas &Howard Kazanjian | John Williams | Michael Kahn | Douglas Slocombe | Lucasfilm Ltd. | Paramount Pictures |
| Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom | George Lucas &Frank Marshall | |||||
| Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade | ||||||
| Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull | George Lucas &Kathleen Kennedy | Janusz Kamiński | ||||
| Indiana Jones and the Dial of Destiny | Steven Spielberg &George Lucas | Michael McCusker,Andrew Buckland & Dirk Westervelt | Phedon Papamichael | Walt Disney Pictures[35] Lucasfilm Ltd.[35] | Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures[nb 1] |
| Film | Original release date | Total box office gross | Box office ranking | Budget | Ref | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| North America | Other territories | Worldwide | All time North America | All time worldwide | ||||
| Raiders of the Lost Ark | June 12, 1981 | $248,159,971 | $141,766,000 | $389,925,971 | No. 85 (#20(A)) | No. 237 | $18 million | [72] |
| Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom | May 23, 1984 | $179,870,271 | $153,237,000 | $333,107,271 | No. 187 (#86(A)) | No. 321 | $28 million | [73] |
| Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade | May 24, 1989 | $197,171,806 | $277,000,000 | $474,171,806 | No. 153 (#99(A)) | No. 174 | $48 million | [74] |
| Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull | May 22, 2008 | $317,101,119 | $473,552,823 | $790,653,942 | No. 76 (#131(A)) | No. 93 | $185 million | [75] |
| Indiana Jones and the Dial of Destiny | June 30, 2023 | $174,480,468 | $209,482,589 | $383,963,057 | No. 312 | No. 390 | $294 million[nb 2] | [79][80] |
| Total | $1,116,783,635 | $1,255,038,412 | $2,371,822,047 | $574 – $679 million | [81] | |||
List indicator
| ||||||||
| Film | Critical | Public | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rotten Tomatoes | Metacritic | CinemaScore | ||
| Raiders of the Lost Ark | 94% (155 reviews)[82] | 86 (17 reviews)[83] | A+ | |
| Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom | 77% (137 reviews)[84] | 57 (14 reviews)[85] | — | |
| Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade | 84% (136 reviews)[86] | 65 (14 reviews)[87] | A[88] | |
| Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull | 77% (308 reviews)[89] | 65 (40 reviews)[90] | B[88] | |
| Indiana Jones and the Dial of Destiny | 71% (438 reviews)[91] | 58 (65 reviews)[92] | B+[88] | |
The series has been nominated for 14Academy Awards, of which they have won 7.Raiders of the Lost Ark was also given aSpecial Achievement Award forBest Sound Effects Editing.
| Award | Category | Recipient/Nominee | Result |
|---|---|---|---|
| Academy Awards | Best Original Score | John Williams | Nominated |
| Best Visual Effects | Dennis Muren,Michael J. McAlister,Lorne Peterson,George Gibbs | Won | |
| British Academy Film Awards | Best Cinematography | Douglas Slocombe | Nominated |
| Best Editing | Michael Kahn | Nominated | |
| Best Sound | Ben Burtt,Simon Kaye, Laurel Ladevich | Nominated | |
| Best Special Visual Effects | Dennis Muren, George Gibbs, Michael J. McAlister, Lorne Peterson | Won | |
| Saturn Awards | Best Fantasy Film | Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom | Nominated |
| Best Director | Steven Spielberg | Nominated | |
| Best Actor | Harrison Ford | Nominated | |
| Best Performance by a Younger Actor | Ke Huy Quan | Nominated | |
| Best Writing | Willard Huyck,Gloria Katz | Nominated | |
| Best Costume Design | Anthony Powell | Nominated | |
| Best Make-up | Tom Smith | Nominated |
| Award | Category | Recipient/Nominee | Result |
|---|---|---|---|
| Academy Awards | Best Original Score | John Williams | Nominated |
| Best Sound Editing | Richard Hymns, Ben Burtt | Won | |
| Best Sound Mixing | Ben Burtt,Gary Summers,Shawn Murphy,Tony Dawe | Nominated | |
| British Academy Film Awards | Best Actor in a Supporting Role | Sean Connery | Nominated |
| Best Sound | Richard Hymns, Tony Dawe, Ben Burtt, Gary Summers, Shawn Murphy | Nominated | |
| Best Special Visual Effects | George Gibbs, Michael J. McAlister,Mark Sullivan,John Ellis | Nominated | |
| Golden Globe Awards | Best Supporting Actor | Sean Connery | Nominated |
| Saturn Awards | Best Fantasy Film | Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade | Nominated |
| Best Actor | Harrison Ford | Nominated | |
| Best Writing | Jeffrey Boam | Nominated | |
| Best Costume Design | Anthony Powell,Joanna Johnston | Nominated |
| Award | Category | Recipient/Nominee | Result |
|---|---|---|---|
| British Academy Film Awards | Best Special Visual Effects | Pablo Helman, Marshall Krasser, Steve Rawlins | Nominated |
| Critics' Choice Awards | Best Action Movie | Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull | Nominated |
| Golden Raspberry Awards | Worst Prequel, Remake, Rip-off or Sequel | Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull | Won |
| MTV Movie Awards | Best Summer Movie So Far | Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull | Nominated |
| Saturn Awards | Best Science Fiction Film | Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull | Nominated |
| Best Director | Steven Spielberg | Nominated | |
| Best Actor | Harrison Ford | Nominated | |
| Best Supporting Actor | Shia LaBeouf | Nominated | |
| Best Costume Design | Mary Zophres | Won | |
| Best Special Effects | Pablo Helman,Daniel Sudick | Nominated | |
| Screen Actors Guild Awards | Outstanding Performance by a Stunt Ensemble in a Motion Picture | Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull | Nominated |
| Visual Effects Society Awards | Best Single Visual Effect of the Year | Stephanie Hornish, Pablo Helman,Jeff White,Craig Hammack | Nominated |
| Outstanding Matte Paintings in a Feature Motion Picture | Richard Bluff, Barry Williams, Yannick Dusseault, Yusei Uesugi | Nominated | |
| Outstanding Models and Miniatures in a Feature Motion Picture | David Fogler,Craig Hammack, Brian Gernand, Geoff Herson | Nominated | |
| Outstanding Created Environment in a Feature Motion Picture | Michael Halsted, David Fogler, Steve Walton, David Weitzberg | Nominated |
| Award | Category | Recipient/Nominee | Result |
|---|---|---|---|
| Academy Awards | Best Original Score | John Williams | Nominated |
| Golden Raspberry Awards | Worst Remake, Rip-off, or Sequel | Nominated | |
| Worst Screenplay | Jez Butterworth,John-Henry Butterworth,David Koepp, andJames Mangold | Nominated | |
| Saturn Awards | Best Fantasy Film | Won | |
| Best Actor | Harrison Ford | Won | |
| Best Director | James Mangold | Nominated | |
| Best Supporting Actress | Phoebe Waller-Bridge | Nominated | |
| Best Supporting Actor | Mads Mikkelsen | Nominated | |
| Best Music | John Williams | Won | |
| Best Special Effects | Nominated | ||
| Screen Actors Guild Awards | Outstanding Performance by a Stunt Ensemble in a Motion Picture | Nominated | |
| Visual Effects Society Awards | Outstanding Visual Effects in a Photoreal Feature | Nominated | |
| Outstanding Created Environment in a Photoreal Feature | Nominated |
Anovelization ofRaiders of the Lost Ark was written byCampbell Black and published byBallantine Books in April 1981.[93] It was followed byIndiana Jones and the Temple of Doom, written byJames Kahn and published by Ballantine in May 1984.[94] Finally,Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade was published in May 1989, and was the firstIndiana Jones novel by Rob MacGregor.[95] A fan of the first two films, MacGregor admitted that writing the novelization made him "somewhat disappointed" with the third film, as he had expanded the script whereas Steven Spielberg had cut scenes to tighten the story.[96]
George Lucas asked MacGregor to continue writing original novels forBantam Books. These were geared toward an adult or young adult audience, and were prequels set in the 1920s or early 1930s after Jones graduates from college. Of the film characters, Lucas only permittedMarcus Brody to appear.[96] He asked MacGregor to base the books on real myths, but except for the deletion of a sex scene, the writer was given total creative freedom. His six books –Indiana Jones and the Peril at Delphi,Indiana Jones and the Dance of the Giants,Indiana Jones and the Seven Veils,Indiana Jones and the Genesis Deluge,Indiana Jones and the Unicorn's Legacy, andIndiana Jones and the Interior World – were published from February 1991 to November 1992.The Genesis Deluge, published in February 1992 and featuringNoah's Ark, was the bestselling novel; MacGregor felt this was because it "had a strong following among religious-oriented people [...] because they tend to take the Noah's Ark story to heart and think of it as history and archaeological fact, rather than myth." MacGregor's favorite book wasThe Seven Veils,[96] which featured real-life explorerPercy Fawcett and the death of Indiana's wife, Deirdre Campbell.[97][98][99][100][101][102]
Martin Caidin wrote the next two novels in Bantam's series,Indiana Jones and the Sky Pirates andIndiana Jones and the White Witch. These feature Gale Parker as Indiana's sidekick; they introduced afterwords to the series, regarding each novel's historical context.[103][104]
Caidin became ill, so Max McCoy took over in 1995 and wrote the final four novels:Indiana Jones and the Philosopher's Stone,Indiana Jones and the Dinosaur Eggs,Indiana Jones and the Hollow Earth, andIndiana Jones and the Secret of the Sphinx. McCoy set his books closer in time to the events ofRaiders of the Lost Ark, which led to his characterizing Indiana as "a bit darker". The prologue of his first book featured acrystal skull,[105] and this became a recurring story, concluding when Jones gives it up in the final novel. Lucas's involvement with McCoy's novels was limited, although Lucasfilm censored sexual or outlandish elements to make the books appeal to younger readers;[106] they also rejected the theme of time travel in the final book.[105]Sallah,Lao Che, Rene Belloq and the Nazis made appearances, and McCoy also pitted Jones againstBenito Mussolini's fascists and the Japanese. Jones also has a doomed romance with Alecia Dunstin, a librarian at theBritish Museum.[107][108][109][110] A novel involving theSpear of Destiny was dropped, becauseDark Horse Comics was developing the idea.[105]
The books were only published in paperback, as the series editor felt readers would not be prepared to pay the hardback price for an adventure novel.[111]
In February 2008, the novelizations of the first three films were published in one edition;[112]James Rollins'Kingdom of the Crystal Skull novelization arrived the following May.[113] Children's novelizations of all four films were published byScholastic in 2008.[114]
MacGregor was said to be writing new books for Ballantine for early 2009, but none have been published.[115]
A new adult adventure,Indiana Jones and the Army of the Dead bySteve Perry, was released in September 2009.[116]
A novel based on the video gameIndiana Jones and the Staff of Kings, written by MacGregor to coincide with the release of the game, was canceled due to problems around the game's production.[117]
Additionally, German authorWolfgang Hohlbein wrote eightIndiana Jones novels in the early 1990s, which were never translated to English.
All of the following were published by Bantam Books, with the exception ofArmy of the Dead, which was published by Del Rey.
Indiana Jones novels byWolfgang Hohlbein:
Ballantine Books published a number of Indiana Jones books in theFind Your Fate line, written by various authors. These books were similar to theChoose Your Own Adventure series, allowing the reader to select from options that change the outcome of the story. Indiana Jones books comprised 11 of the 17 releases in the line, which was initially titledFind Your Fate Adventure.[118]
In 2008, Scholastic released a series of middle-grade novels based on the stories and screenplays. Each book of this edition included several pages of color stills from filming.
In May 2009, two new middle-grade books were to begin a new series ofUntold Adventures, though no further books appeared.[119]
In the early 1990s, different book series featured childhood and young adult adventures of Indiana Jones in the early decades of the century. Not all were directly tied to theYoung Indiana Jones Chronicles TV series.
The following books are set in Indy's mid- to late-teen years.
These books were novelizations of episodes of the TV series. Some feature Indy around age 8; others have him age 16–18.
These are labeledChoose Your Own Adventure books. Like the TV series, some feature Indy around age 8, others age 16–18.
The Young Indiana Jones Chronicles:
Young Indiana Jones:
Indiana Jones has appeared in numerouscomic books, from two different publishers.Marvel Comics initially held the comic book licensing rights, leading to adaptations of the filmsRaiders of the Lost Ark,Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom, andIndiana Jones and the Last Crusade. Following theRaiders of the Lost Ark adaptation, Marvel publishedThe Further Adventures of Indiana Jones from 1983 to 1986. This ongoing monthly series ran for thirty-four issues and featured the character's first original adventures in comic book form.
After Marvel's licensing of the character ended,Dark Horse Comics acquired publishing rights and adapted theIndiana Jones and the Fate of Atlantis video game. From 1992 to 1996, following theFate of Atlantis adaptation, Dark Horse published sevenlimited series, as well comics based onThe Young Indiana Jones Chronicles television series. In 2004, Indiana Jones appeared in the non-canon story, "Into the Great Unknown", first published inStar Wars Tales #19. The story sees Indiana Jones and Short Round discover a crashedMillennium Falcon in the Pacific Northwest, along withHan Solo's skeleton and the realization that a rumored nearby Sasquatch is in fact Chewbacca. With the franchise's revival in 2008, Dark Horse published an adaptation ofIndiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull. Dark Horse followed this withIndiana Jones Adventures, a short-lived series of digest-sized comics aimed at children. An additional limited series, titledIndiana Jones and the Tomb of the Gods, was also published from 2008 to 2009.
Prior to Disney's acquisition, George Lucas collaborated withWalt Disney Imagineering on several occasions to createIndiana Jones attractions forDisney Experiences worldwide.Indiana Jones-themed attractions and appearances at Disney theme parks include:
For the holiday season following the June 1981 debut ofRaiders of the Lost Ark,Kenner produced a 12-inch-tall "Authentically styled Action Figure" of Indiana Jones. The next spring they delivered nine smaller-scale (33⁄4") action figures, threeplaysets, replicas of the German desert convoy truck and Jones's horse, all derived from theRaiders movie.[122] They also offered aRaidersboard game.[123]
In conjunction with the theatrical release ofThe Temple of Doom in 1984,TSR, Inc. released miniature metal versions of twelve characters from both films for arole playing game.LJN Toys Ltd. also released action figures of Jones, Mola Ram, and the Giant Thugee.
No toys were produced to tie in withThe Last Crusade in 1989.
Hasbro released toys based onRaiders of the Lost Ark andKingdom of the Crystal Skull in 2008. Further figures, including characters fromThe Temple of Doom andThe Last Crusade, followed later in the year,[124] but were distributed on a very limited basis. This line of toys included 33⁄4-inch and 12-inch figures, vehicles, a playset, and a series of "Adventure Heroes" aimed at young children.[125] Hasbro announced the cancellation of the line in the fall of 2008, due to decreasing sales, although some figures continued to be released up until the 2011 San Diego Comic Convention.
Sideshow Collectibles, Gentle Giant,Diamond Select Toys and Kotobukiya[126] also earned Indiana Jones licensing rights in 2008.[127][128][129][130]Lego released eight play sets to coincide with the fourth film, based onRaiders andThe Last Crusade as well as onKingdom of the Crystal Skull[131][132]
Merchandise featuring franchise cross-overs include aMr. Potato Head "Taters of the Lost Ark" set by Hasbro,[133]Mickey Mouse as Indiana Jones,[134] and aMuppets-branded AdventureKermit action figure, produced byPalisades Toys and based on the frog's appearance in theDisney World stunt show as seen inThe Muppets at Walt Disney World.[135]
Disney Vinylmation introduced a series based onIndiana Jones characters in 2014.[136]
Hasbro also made the "Adventure Series" line in 2023 to go alongside the release ofDial of Destiny. This line included figures from the original trilogy as well as the new film.
There have been two publications of role-playing games based on the Indiana Jones franchise.The Adventures of Indiana Jones Role-Playing Game was designed and published byTSR, Inc. under license in 1984.[137] Ten years later,West End Games acquired the rights to publish their own version,The World of Indiana Jones.
Apinball machine based on the first three films was released in 1993.Stern Pinball released a new pinball machine based on the series in 2008, which featured all four movies.[138]
Citations
Ahead of its first quarter earnings release today, Disney has revealed that it has shelled out $294.7 million (£244.1 million) on making the latest instalment in the Indiana Jones series in a bid to tempt movie fans back to cinemas this year.
…critics were lukewarm on 'Dial of Destiny'…
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