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Indian Defence

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Chess opening
Indian Defence
abcdefgh
8
a8 black rook
b8 black knight
c8 black bishop
d8 black queen
e8 black king
f8 black bishop
h8 black rook
a7 black pawn
b7 black pawn
c7 black pawn
d7 black pawn
e7 black pawn
f7 black pawn
g7 black pawn
h7 black pawn
f6 black knight
d4 white pawn
a2 white pawn
b2 white pawn
c2 white pawn
e2 white pawn
f2 white pawn
g2 white pawn
h2 white pawn
a1 white rook
b1 white knight
c1 white bishop
d1 white queen
e1 white king
f1 white bishop
g1 white knight
h1 white rook
8
77
66
55
44
33
22
11
abcdefgh
Moves1.d4 Nf6
ECO
  • A45–A79
  • D70–D99
  • E00–E99
ParentQueen's Pawn Game

In the game ofchess,Indian Defence[1] orIndian Game is a broad term for a group ofopenings characterised by the moves:

1.d4Nf6[2]

They are all to varying degreeshypermodern defences, where Black invites White to establish an imposing presence in thecentre with the plan of undermining and ultimately destroying it.

Although the Indian defences were championed in the 1920s by players in the hypermodern school, they were not fully accepted until Russian players showed in the late 1940s that these systems are sound for Black. Since then, the Indian defences have become a popular way for Black to respond to 1.d4 because they often offer a balanced game with winning chances for both sides.Transpositions are important and many variations can be reached by severalmove orders. It is also possible to transpose back into classical openings such as theQueen's Gambit and theSlav Defence; these are not considered "Indian" openings.

The usual White second move is 2.c4, grabbing a larger share of the centre and allowing the move Nc3, to prepare for moving the e-pawn to e4 without blocking the c-pawn with the knight. Black's most popular replies are

but other moves are played as detailed below.

Instead of 2.c4, White often plays 2.Nf3. Then Black may play 2...d5 which may transpose to a Queen's Gambit after 3.c4. Or Black may play2...e6 which retains possibilities of transposing to a Queen's Gambit or Queen's Indian Defence. Alternatively, 2...g6 may transpose to aKing's Indian Defence orGrünfeld Defence, while 2...c5 invites transposition to aBenoni. White can deny Black any of these transpositions by refraining from c2–c4 over the next several moves.

On the second move, White can also play 2.Bg5, theTrompowsky Attack. Black can respond 2...Ne4 (see1.d4 Nf6 2.Bg5 Ne4), or 2...e6 (see1.d4 Nf6 2.Bg5 e6), among other moves. A third alternative for White is 2.Bf4, theLondon System. Another alternative is 2.Nc3. Then Black may play 2...d5, after which 3.Bg5 is theRichter–Veresov Attack (D01, see1.d4 Nf6 2.Nc3 d5); 3.Bf4 is theRapport–Jobava System. Black may also play 2...g6 (see1.d4 Nf6 2.Nc3 g6).

This article usesalgebraic notation to describe chess moves.

History

[edit]

The earliest known use of the term "Indian Defence" was in 1884, and the name was attributed to the openings used by the Indian playerMoheschunder Bannerjee againstJohn Cochrane.[3]Philip W. Sergeant describes Moheschunder as having been as of 1848 "aBrahman in theMofussil—up country, as we might say—who had never been beaten at chess!"[4] Sergeant wrote in 1934 (substituting algebraic notation for his descriptive notation):[5]

The Indian Defences by g6 coupled with d6, or b6 coupled with e6, were largely taught to European players by the example of Moheschunder and other Indians, to whom the fianchetto developments were a natural legacy from their own game. The fondness for them of the present Indian champion of British chess,Mir Sultan Khan, is well known. But they are now so widely popular thatDr. S. G. Tartakover was able to declare, some years ago, that "to-day fianchettos are trumps." A sequel hardly to have been anticipated from the discovery of Moheschunder in theMofussil!

In the following game, Moheschunder (Black) plays the Grünfeld Defence against Cochrane in 1855—some 38 years beforeErnst Grünfeld was born.

John Cochrane vs Moheschunder Bannerjee, May 1855:
1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 g6 3.Nc3 d5 4.e3 Bg7 5.Nf3 0-0 6.cxd5 Nxd5 7.Be2 Nxc3 8.bxc3 c5 9.0-0 cxd4 10.cxd4 Nc6 11.Bb2 Bg4 12.Rc1 Rc8 13.Ba3 Qa5 14.Qb3 Rfe8 15.Rc5 Qb6 16.Rb5 Qd8 17.Ng5 Bxe2 18.Nxf7 Na5 and Whitemates in three (19.Nh6+double check Kh8 20.Qg8+ Rxg8 21.Nf7#).[6][7]

Another of the games between these players transposed to what would today be called theFour Pawns Attack against theKing's Indian Defence. This time Moheschunder, as Black, won after some enterprising (and perhaps dubious)sacrificial play:

1.e4 d6 2.d4 g6 3.c4 Bg7 4.Nc3 Nf6 5.f4 0-0 6.Nf3 Bg4 7.Bd3?! e5?! 8.fxe5 dxe5?! 9.d5 Nxe4!? 10.Nxe4 f5 11.Neg5 e4 12.Ne6 exf3! 13.Nxd8?! fxg2 14.Rg1 Bxd1 15.Ne6 Bg4 16.Nxf8 Kxf8 17.Rxg2 Nd7 18.Bf4 Nc5 19.Kd2 Rc8 20.Kc2 Bf3 21.Rf2 Nxd3 22.Kxd3 Be4+ 23.Ke3 b5 24.cxb5 Bxd5 25.Rd2 Bc4 26.Rad1 Bf6 27.Bh6+ Kg8 28.Kf4 Re8 29.b3 Bxb5 30.Rc1 Be2! 31.Re1 Re4+ 32.Kg3 Bh4+0–1[8]

The term "Indian Defence" was popularised bySavielly Tartakower in the early 1920s. In his 1924 bookDie hypermoderne Schachpartie, Tartakower classifies the Indian Defences under the broad headings "Old Indian" (...d6 and eventual ...g6) and "Neo-Indian" (...e6 and eventual ...b6). Under the heading "Old Indian", he considers the openings now known as the King's Indian and Grünfeld Defences. He also proposes the names "Proto-Indian" for 1.d4 d6, "Pseudo-Indian" for 1.d4 c5, "Semi-Indian" for 1.d4 Nf6 2.Nc3, and "Three Quarter Indian" for 1.d4 Nf6 2.Nd2, none of which came into wider use.[9]

The modern names "King's Indian Defence", "Queen's Indian Defence", "Old Indian Defence", and "King's Indian Attack" were attributed byRichard Reti toHans Kmoch, though Réti himself did not approve of these terms. Réti also attributed to Kmoch the terms "All Indian Defence" (where Black fianchettoes both bishops after 1.d4 Nf6) and "Queen's Indian Attack" (where White opens 1.Nf3 and 2.b3) but these did not come into general use.[10]

Main line: 2.c4 e6

[edit]

Nimzo-Indian Defence: 3.Nc3 Bb4

[edit]
abcdefgh
8a8 black rookb8 black knightc8 black bishopd8 black queene8 black kingf8g8h8 black rook8
7a7 black pawnb7 black pawnc7 black pawnd7 black pawne7f7 black pawng7 black pawnh7 black pawn7
6a6b6c6d6e6 black pawnf6 black knightg6h66
5a5b5c5d5e5f5g5h55
4a4b4 black bishopc4 white pawnd4 white pawne4f4g4h44
3a3b3c3 white knightd3e3f3g3h33
2a2 white pawnb2 white pawnc2d2e2 white pawnf2 white pawng2 white pawnh2 white pawn2
1a1 white rookb1c1 white bishopd1 white queene1 white kingf1 white bishopg1 white knighth1 white rook1
abcdefgh
Nimzo-Indian Defence

Advocated byNimzowitsch as early as 1913, theNimzo-Indian Defence was the first of the Indian systems to gain full acceptance. It remains one of the most popular and well-respected defences to 1.d4, and White often chooses move orders designed to avoid it. Black attacks the centre with pieces and is prepared to trade a bishop for a knight to weaken White's queenside withdoubled pawns.

Queen's Indian Defence: 3.Nf3 b6

[edit]
abcdefgh
8a8 black rookb8 black knightc8 black bishopd8 black queene8 black kingf8 black bishopg8h8 black rook8
7a7 black pawnb7c7 black pawnd7 black pawne7f7 black pawng7 black pawnh7 black pawn7
6a6b6 black pawnc6d6e6 black pawnf6 black knightg6h66
5a5b5c5d5e5f5g5h55
4a4b4c4 white pawnd4 white pawne4f4g4h44
3a3b3c3d3e3f3 white knightg3h33
2a2 white pawnb2 white pawnc2d2e2 white pawnf2 white pawng2 white pawnh2 white pawn2
1a1 white rookb1 white knightc1 white bishopd1 white queene1 white kingf1 white bishopg1h1 white rook1
abcdefgh
Queen's Indian Defence

TheQueen's Indian Defence is considered solid, safe, and perhaps somewhatdrawish. Black often chooses the Queen's Indian when White avoids the Nimzo-Indian by playing 3.Nf3 instead of 3.Nc3. Black constructs a sound position that makes no positional concessions, although sometimes it is difficult for Black to obtain good winning chances.Karpov is a leading expert in this opening. Many Queen's Indian Defence players also play the Nimzo-Indian Defence, and in fact the line 3.Nf3 b6 4.Nc3 Bb4 is sometimes called the "Nimzo/Queen's Indian Hybrid" or similar, and could be classified under either opening.

Bogo-Indian Defence: 3.Nf3 Bb4+

[edit]
abcdefgh
8a8 black rookb8 black knightc8 black bishopd8 black queene8 black kingf8g8h8 black rook8
7a7 black pawnb7 black pawnc7 black pawnd7 black pawne7f7 black pawng7 black pawnh7 black pawn7
6a6b6c6d6e6 black pawnf6 black knightg6h66
5a5b5c5d5e5f5g5h55
4a4b4 black bishopc4 white pawnd4 white pawne4f4g4h44
3a3b3c3d3e3f3 white knightg3h33
2a2 white pawnb2 white pawnc2d2e2 white pawnf2 white pawng2 white pawnh2 white pawn2
1a1 white rookb1 white knightc1 white bishopd1 white queene1 white kingf1 white bishopg1h1 white rook1
abcdefgh
Bogo-Indian Defence

TheBogo-Indian Defence is a solid alternative to the Queen's Indian, into which it sometimes transposes. It is less popular than that opening, however, perhaps because many players are loath to surrender thebishop pair (particularly without doubling White's pawns), as Black often ends up doing after 4.Nbd2. The classical 4.Bd2 Qe7 is also often seen, although more recently 4...a5!? and even 4...c5!? have emerged as alternatives. Transposition to theNimzo-Indian with 4.Nc3 is perfectly playable but rarely seen, since most players who play 3.Nf3 do so in order to avoid that opening.

Blumenfeld Countergambit: 3.Nf3 c5 4.d5 b5

[edit]
abcdefgh
8a8 black rookb8 black knightc8 black bishopd8 black queene8 black kingf8 black bishopg8h8 black rook8
7a7 black pawnb7c7d7 black pawne7f7 black pawng7 black pawnh7 black pawn7
6a6b6c6d6e6 black pawnf6 black knightg6h66
5a5b5 black pawnc5 black pawnd5 white pawne5f5g5h55
4a4b4c4 white pawnd4e4f4g4h44
3a3b3c3d3e3f3 white knightg3h33
2a2 white pawnb2 white pawnc2d2e2 white pawnf2 white pawng2 white pawnh2 white pawn2
1a1 white rookb1 white knightc1 white bishopd1 white queene1 white kingf1 white bishopg1h1 white rook1
abcdefgh
Blumenfeld Countergambit

TheBlumenfeld Countergambit bears a superficial but misleading resemblance to theBenko Gambit, as Black's goals are very different. Black gambits a wing pawn in an attempt to build a strong centre. White can either accept the gambit or decline it to maintain a small positional advantage. Although the Blumenfeld offers dynamic play for Black, it is not very popular due to its riskiness.

Catalan Opening: 3.g3

[edit]
abcdefgh
8a8 black rookb8 black knightc8 black bishopd8 black queene8 black kingf8 black bishopg8h8 black rook8
7a7 black pawnb7 black pawnc7 black pawnd7 black pawne7f7 black pawng7 black pawnh7 black pawn7
6a6b6c6d6e6 black pawnf6 black knightg6h66
5a5b5c5d5e5f5g5h55
4a4b4c4 white pawnd4 white pawne4f4g4h44
3a3b3c3d3e3f3g3 white pawnh33
2a2 white pawnb2 white pawnc2d2e2 white pawnf2 white pawng2h2 white pawn2
1a1 white rookb1 white knightc1 white bishopd1 white queene1 white kingf1 white bishopg1 white knighth1 white rook1
abcdefgh
Catalan Opening

TheCatalan Opening features a quickfianchetto of White'sking's bishop. It most often continues 3...d5 4.Bg2. White also often reaches it via transposition with 3.Nf3 d5 4.g3.

Neo-Indian Attack: 3.Bg5

[edit]
abcdefgh
8a8 black rookb8 black knightc8 black bishopd8 black queene8 black kingf8 black bishopg8h8 black rook8
7a7 black pawnb7 black pawnc7 black pawnd7 black pawne7f7 black pawng7 black pawnh7 black pawn7
6a6b6c6d6e6 black pawnf6 black knightg6h66
5a5b5c5d5e5f5g5 white bishoph55
4a4b4c4 white pawnd4 white pawne4f4g4h44
3a3b3c3d3e3f3g3h33
2a2 white pawnb2 white pawnc2d2e2 white pawnf2 white pawng2 white pawnh2 white pawn2
1a1 white rookb1 white knightc1d1 white queene1 white kingf1 white bishopg1 white knighth1 white rook1
abcdefgh
Neo-Indian Attack

The Neo-Indian Attack is also known as the Seirawan Attack, after top 1980s playerYasser Seirawan. Thepinning of the f6-knight looks similar to theTorre Attack, but while the Torre is fairly common, the Neo-Indian is rarely played. The move order has been used by players such asDavid Janowski againstEdward Lasker inNew York City 1922.[11] The opening has been considered a possible opening surprise in theSecrets of Opening Surprises series.[12]

The most common responses from Black are:

Unless the game transposes to another variation, the Neo-Indian is classified as E00 by theEncyclopaedia of Chess Openings.

Other lines

[edit]

Kingside fianchetto line: 2.c4 g6

[edit]

Grünfeld Defence: 3.Nc3 d5

[edit]
abcdefgh
8a8 black rookb8 black knightc8 black bishopd8 black queene8 black kingf8 black bishopg8h8 black rook8
7a7 black pawnb7 black pawnc7 black pawnd7e7 black pawnf7 black pawng7h7 black pawn7
6a6b6c6d6e6f6 black knightg6 black pawnh66
5a5b5c5d5 black pawne5f5g5h55
4a4b4c4 white pawnd4 white pawne4f4g4h44
3a3b3c3 white knightd3e3f3g3h33
2a2 white pawnb2 white pawnc2d2e2 white pawnf2 white pawng2 white pawnh2 white pawn2
1a1 white rookb1c1 white bishopd1 white queene1 white kingf1 white bishopg1 white knighth1 white rook1
abcdefgh
Grünfeld Defence

Ernst Grünfeld debuted theGrünfeld Defence in 1922. Distinguished by the move 3...d5, Grünfeld intended it as an improvement to the King's Indian which was not considered entirely satisfactory at that time. The Grünfeld has been adopted by World ChampionsSmyslov,Fischer, andKasparov.

King's Indian Defence: 3.Nc3 Bg7

[edit]
abcdefgh
8a8 black rookb8 black knightc8 black bishopd8 black queene8 black kingf8g8h8 black rook8
7a7 black pawnb7 black pawnc7 black pawnd7 black pawne7 black pawnf7 black pawng7 black bishoph7 black pawn7
6a6b6c6d6e6f6 black knightg6 black pawnh66
5a5b5c5d5e5f5g5h55
4a4b4c4 white pawnd4 white pawne4f4g4h44
3a3b3c3 white knightd3e3f3g3h33
2a2 white pawnb2 white pawnc2d2e2 white pawnf2 white pawng2 white pawnh2 white pawn2
1a1 white rookb1c1 white bishopd1 white queene1 white kingf1 white bishopg1 white knighth1 white rook1
abcdefgh
King's Indian Defence

TheKing's Indian Defence is aggressive and somewhat risky, and generally indicates that Black will not be satisfied with a draw. Although it was played occasionally as early as the late 19th century, the King's Indian was considered inferior until the 1940s when it was featured in the games ofBronstein,Boleslavsky, andReshevsky. It wasFischer's favoured defence to 1.d4, but its popularity faded in the mid-1970s.Kasparov's successes with the defence restored the King's Indian to prominence in the 1980s.

Other lines

[edit]

Often with the goal of avoiding the Grünfeld, White may decline to play 3.Nc3. The most common are 3.g3 and 3.Nf3, followed by 3.f3, which appeared in the quarterfinals of theChess World Cup 2025.[13] 3.h4 and 3.d5 are also seen.

Benoni Defence: 2.c4 c5

[edit]
abcdefgh
8a8 black rookb8 black knightc8 black bishopd8 black queene8 black kingf8 black bishopg8h8 black rook8
7a7 black pawnb7 black pawnc7d7 black pawne7 black pawnf7 black pawng7 black pawnh7 black pawn7
6a6b6c6d6e6f6 black knightg6h66
5a5b5c5 black pawnd5e5f5g5h55
4a4b4c4 white pawnd4 white pawne4f4g4h44
3a3b3c3d3e3f3g3h33
2a2 white pawnb2 white pawnc2d2e2 white pawnf2 white pawng2 white pawnh2 white pawn2
1a1 white rookb1 white knightc1 white bishopd1 white queene1 white kingf1 white bishopg1 white knighth1 white rook1
abcdefgh
Benoni Defence

TheBenoni Defence is a risky attempt by Black to unbalance the position and gain active piece play at the cost of allowing White a pawn wedge at d5 and a central majority. The most common continuations are theModern Benoni (3.d5 e6 4.Nc3) andBenko Gambit (3.d5 b5).Mikhail Tal popularised the defence in the 1960s by winning several brilliant games with it, andBobby Fischer occasionally adopted it, with good results, including a win in his1972 World Championship match againstBoris Spassky.

Black often plays 2...e6 before 3...c5 in order to avoid the most challenging lines in the Modern Benoni, as if White plays 3.Nf3 or 3.g3 instead of 3.Nc3, lines such as the Taimanov Attack are no longer possible.

Benko Gambit: 3.d5 b5

[edit]
abcdefgh
8a8 black rookb8 black knightc8 black bishopd8 black queene8 black kingf8 black bishopg8h8 black rook8
7a7 black pawnb7c7d7 black pawne7 black pawnf7 black pawng7 black pawnh7 black pawn7
6a6b6c6d6e6f6 black knightg6h66
5a5b5 black pawnc5 black pawnd5 white pawne5f5g5h55
4a4b4c4 white pawnd4e4f4g4h44
3a3b3c3d3e3f3g3h33
2a2 white pawnb2 white pawnc2d2e2 white pawnf2 white pawng2 white pawnh2 white pawn2
1a1 white rookb1 white knightc1 white bishopd1 white queene1 white kingf1 white bishopg1 white knighth1 white rook1
abcdefgh
Benko Gambit

In theBenko Gambit (known as the Volga Gambit in Russia and Eastern Europe), Black plays to open lines on the queenside where White will be subject to considerable pressure. If White accepts the gambit, Black's compensation is positional rather than tactical, and theirinitiative can last even after many piece exchanges and well into theendgame. White often chooses instead either to decline the gambit pawn or return it.

2.c4, other lines

[edit]

Old Indian Defence: 2...d6 3.Nc3 e5

[edit]
abcdefgh
8a8 black rookb8 black knightc8 black bishopd8 black queene8 black kingf8 black bishopg8h8 black rook8
7a7 black pawnb7 black pawnc7 black pawnd7e7f7 black pawng7 black pawnh7 black pawn7
6a6b6c6d6 black pawne6f6 black knightg6h66
5a5b5c5d5e5 black pawnf5g5h55
4a4b4c4 white pawnd4 white pawne4f4g4h44
3a3b3c3 white knightd3e3f3g3h33
2a2 white pawnb2 white pawnc2d2e2 white pawnf2 white pawng2 white pawnh2 white pawn2
1a1 white rookb1c1 white bishopd1 white queene1 white kingf1 white bishopg1 white knighth1 white rook1
abcdefgh
Old Indian Defence

TheOld Indian Defence was introduced byTarrasch in 1902, but it is more commonly associated withChigorin who adopted it five years later. It is similar to the King's Indian in that both feature a ...d6 and ...e5pawn centre, but in the Old Indian Black's king bishop is developed to e7 rather than being fianchettoed on g7. The Old Indian is solid, but Black's position is usually cramped and it lacks the dynamic possibilities found in the King's Indian.

Budapest Gambit: 2...e5

[edit]

TheBudapest Gambit is rarely played in grandmaster games, but more often adopted by amateurs. Although it is agambit, White cannot hold on to their extra pawn without making compromises in the deployment of their pieces, so they often choose to return the pawn and retain the initiative.

Others

[edit]
abcdefgh
8a8 black rookb8 black knightc8 black bishopd8 black queene8 black kingf8 black bishopg8h8 black rook8
7a7 black pawnb7c7 black pawnd7 black pawne7 black pawnf7 black pawng7 black pawnh7 black pawn7
6a6b6 black pawnc6d6e6f6 black knightg6h66
5a5b5c5d5e5f5g5h55
4a4b4c4 white pawnd4 white pawne4f4g4h44
3a3b3c3d3e3f3g3h33
2a2 white pawnb2 white pawnc2d2e2 white pawnf2 white pawng2 white pawnh2 white pawn2
1a1 white rookb1 white knightc1 white bishopd1 white queene1 white kingf1 white bishopg1 white knighth1 white rook1
abcdefgh
Accelerated Queen's Indian Defence
  • 2...b6 Accelerated Queen's Indian Defence
The Accelerated Queen's Indian Defence isplayable; however, it is considered less accurate than the standard Queen's Indian move order (2...e6 3 Nf3 b6) due to the possibility of 3.Nc3 Bb7 4.Qc2 d5 (otherwise e4 will follow) 5.cxd5 Nxd5 6.Nf3! and White was better inAlekhine–König, Vienna 1922.[14]James Plaskett andRaymond Keene analyse this line in their 1987 book on theEnglish Defence.
  • 2...c6
This normally transposes into theSlav Defence if Black subsequently plays ...d5, however it may also transpose into the Old Indian or even the King's Indian if Black instead follows up with ...d6. One of the few independent lines is the offbeat 2...c6 3.Nf3 b5!?, sometimes called the Kudischewitsch gambit after the Israeli IM David Kudischewitsch.
The Black Knights' Tango or Mexican Defence introduced byCarlos Torre in 1925 inBaden-Baden shares similarities withAlekhine's Defence as Black attempts to induce a premature advance of the white pawns. It may transpose into many other defences.
The Marshall Defence (normally reached via theQueen's Gambit after 1.d4 d5 2.c4 Nf6?!) is better for White.

Knights Variation: 2.Nf3

[edit]

Note that lines directly or generally transposing to lines with 2.c4 or 1...d5 are not included in this list. For example, while 2.Nf3 e6 is common, it usually ends up transposing to other openings, particularly as it is often optimal for White to play c4 at some point. There are some independent lines, but they are relatively non-notable.

Spielmann-Indian Variation: 2...c5

[edit]
abcdefgh
8a8 black rookb8 black knightc8 black bishopd8 black queene8 black kingf8 black bishopg8h8 black rook8
7a7 black pawnb7 black pawnc7d7 black pawne7 black pawnf7 black pawng7 black pawnh7 black pawn7
6a6b6c6d6e6f6 black knightg6h66
5a5b5c5 black pawnd5 white pawne5f5g5h55
4a4b4c4d4e4f4g4h44
3a3b3c3d3e3f3 white knightg3h33
2a2 white pawnb2 white pawnc2 white pawnd2e2 white pawnf2 white pawng2 white pawnh2 white pawn2
1a1 white rookb1 white knightc1 white bishopd1 white queene1 white kingf1 white bishopg1h1 white rook1
abcdefgh
Spielmann-Indian, main line: 2.Nf3 c5 3.d5

The Spielmann-Indian is the equivalent of theBenoni Defence when White plays 2.Nf3 instead of 2.c4. 3.d5 is White's usual reply. It has many similar patterns to the Benoni and transposes outright if White later plays c4. The variation is typically defined by White playing Nc3 without having played c4. Black plans e6 to target the weak d pawn, or d6, g6, and Bg7, while White plans e4 and to press with a space advantage. White can also play various sidelines instead of 3.d5, such as 3.e6 or 3.c6, which often end up transposing into other variations. The opening can also be reached from the Old Benoni if White plays 3.Nf3 after 2.d5 instead of 3.Nc3.

An alternative continuation is 3...b5, the Pseudo-Benko Variation. White usually either transposes to theBenko Gambit Declined with 4.c4 (if Black replies with 4...e6, this reaches theBlumenfeld Countergambit) or plays 4.Bg5, with lines quickly branching from there. 4...Qb6 is common to defend the knight. Black usually attempts a queenside attack.

East Indian Defence: 2...g6

[edit]
abcdefgh
8a8 black rookb8 black knightc8 black bishopd8 black queene8f8 black rookg8 black kingh88
7a7 black pawnb7 black pawnc7d7e7 black pawnf7 black pawng7 black bishoph7 black pawn7
6a6b6c6d6e6f6 black knightg6 black pawnh66
5a5b5c5 black pawnd5 black pawne5 white knightf5g5h55
4a4b4c4d4 white pawne4f4 white bishopg4h44
3a3b3c3 white knightd3e3 white pawnf3g3h33
2a2 white pawnb2 white pawnc2 white pawnd2e2 white bishopf2 white pawng2 white pawnh2 white pawn2
1a1 white rookb1c1d1 white queene1 white kingf1g1h1 white rook1
abcdefgh
Barry Attack, main line: 4.Bf4 Bg7 5.e3 0-0 6.Be2 c5 7.Ne5

The East Indian Defence is similar to theKing's Indian Defence, but with White avoiding c4. If White does play c4, the opening transposes. Commonly, White copies Black's kingside fianchetto plan with g3 and Bg2, or plays Bg5 (theTorre Attack), Bf4 (theLondon System), or Nbd2, intending to play e4.

TheBarry Attack is an aggressive continuation popular with club players. The line usually continues with 4...Bg7 5.e3 0-0 6.Be2 c5 7.Ne5. White intends to follow up with a kingside attack, often playing h4 and h5. The Barry Attack has also been tried out at grandmaster level byMark Hebden andJulian Hodgson.

This opening has a close kinship to the more-commonKing's Indian Defence and is often considered a variant thereof. The difference is that White has not yet played c4, and therefore retains some options.

The WikibookChess Opening Theory has a page on the topic of:East Indian Defence

If White plays an early c4, the opening willtranspose into a King's Indian. It is also possible for White to support an early e4 advance, transposing into thePirc Defence. Unless transposition is reached, there are four popular, independent continuations:

TheEncyclopaedia of Chess Openings classifies the East Indian Defence under A49 for the Przepiórka Variation and A48 for the others.

Other lines

[edit]
  • 2...b6 Accelerated Queen's Indian Defence
    Because of the committal of Nf3, the line beginning with c4 and Nc3 explained in the previous section is not available. This makes the Accelerated Queen's Indian somewhat more commonly played against 2.Nf3 than 2.c4. White often plays 3.c4, inviting transposition to the mainlineQueen's Indian Defence via 3...e6, the most common response. Otherwise, the line is considered a transposition to theEnglish Opening, with Black usually continuing with 3...g6 or 3...d5. White also often replies with 3.g3, 3.Bf4, 3.Bg5, or 3.e3, with frequent transpositions.
  • 2...d6 Tartakower Defence
    The Tartakower Defence plays d6 with the intention of later playing Nbd7 and e5. With the knight on the d file preventing White from trading queens and forcing Black to retake with the king, White rarely plays dxe5. Black can transpose to the King's Indian or East Indian by later playing g6 and Bg7. White typically responds by transposing to theOld Indian Defence by playing c4 (either on the third move or a later time), fianchettoing with g3 and Bg2, or playing Nc3, which transposes to thePhilidor Defence if White later plays e4. White can also play Bg5, or Bf4 (intending theLondon System), which does temporarily prevent Black from playing e5, but which Black can respond to with Nh5 and potentially h6 and g5, trading off the bishop or chasing it away.
  • 2...h6 3.c4 g5 Nadanian Attack
    The Nadanian Attack is an aggressive attempt by Black to unbalance the position. The early 2...h6 and 3...g5 are designed to deal with drawish variations such asColle System,London System, andTorre Attack. The line was introduced in 2005 byAshot Nadanian, but has never enjoyed widespread popularity among top-flight players.
  • 2...Ne4 Döry Defence
    The Döry Defence (2.Nf3 Ne4 or 2.c4 e6 3.Nf3 Ne4) is uncommon, but was the subject of a theme tournament (won byPaul Keres) in Vienna in 1937. It will sometimes transpose into a variation of the Queen's Indian Defence but there are also independent lines.

Other lines

[edit]
abcdefgh
8a8 black rookb8 black knightc8 black bishopd8 black queene8 black kingf8 black bishopg8h8 black rook8
7a7 black pawnb7 black pawnc7 black pawnd7 black pawne7 black pawnf7 black pawng7 black pawnh7 black pawn7
6a6b6c6d6e6f6 black knightg6h66
5a5b5c5d5e5f5g5h55
4a4b4c4d4 white pawne4f4 white bishopg4h44
3a3b3c3d3e3f3g3h33
2a2 white pawnb2 white pawnc2 white pawnd2e2 white pawnf2 white pawng2 white pawnh2 white pawn2
1a1 white rookb1 white knightc1d1 white queene1 white kingf1 white bishopg1 white knighth1 white rook1
abcdefgh
London System against 1...Nf6

Each of these lines are commonly played on either the second or third move, with the second move otherwise usually being 2.Nf3.

  • 2.Bf4 or 3.Bf4London System
    TheLondon System is more common against 1...d5, but still common against 1...Nf6. White plans to follow up with e3 and Nf3. The line often transposes to 1...d5 Londons once Black plays d5, but Black often plays c5 before playing d5, intending Qb6, threatening White's b pawn, which has been left unguarded after Bf4. Alternatively, Black can play g6, intending Bg7. White often plays Nc3 in response, entering theRapport–Jobava System, which threatens a double attack of White's bishop and knight on c7 if the knight moves to b5. If Black later plays d5, this allows White to play theBarry Attack mentioned in the previous section.
  • 2.Bg5 or 3.Bg5
    TheTrompowsky Attack,Torre Attack, andNeo-Indian Attack are anti-Indian variations that aim to disrupt Black's typical development after 1...Nf6 with an early Bg5, and avoid much of the detailed theory of mainstream lines. For example, in the Trompowsky, an early trade with Bxf6 exf6 or Bxf6 gxf6 that results in doubled pawns for Black can occur, a development rarely seen in other openings. TheRichter–Veresov Attack is a similar opening which can be played against 1...d5, or arrived at via transposition against 1...Nf6, such as with 1.d4 Nf6 2.Nc3 d5 3.Bg5.
  • 2.Nc3 or 3.Nc3
    This move usually ends up transposing either to theRapport–Jobava System after White plays Bf4, or theRichter–Veresov Attack after White plays Bg5.
  • 2.e3 or 3.e3 Yusupov-Rubinstein System
    The Yusupov-Rubinstein System is the equivalent of theColle System against 1...Nf6. White typically develops the queen's bishop to b2 or leaves it on c1 during the opening phase of the game.

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^Hooper & Whyld (1996), p. 181.Indian Defence.
  2. ^ECO A45: Queen's Pawn, Indian
  3. ^"Indian Defence",Chess Player's Chronicle: 172, 22 October 1884, retrieved2008-07-22 In this case the opening moves were 1.e4 d6 2.d4 g6.
  4. ^Philip W. Sergeant,A Century of British Chess, David McKay, 1934, p. 68.
  5. ^Sergeant, pp. 68–69.
  6. ^Edward Winter,Kings, Commoners and Knaves: Further Chess Explorations, Russell Enterprises, Inc., 1999, p. 141.ISBN 1-888690-04-6.
  7. ^"Cochrane vs Moheschunder, Calcutta 1855".Chessgames.com.
  8. ^Tim Harding,A History of The City of London Chess Magazine (Part 1). Retrieved on 2009-03-18.
  9. ^Savielly Tartakower,Die hypermoderne Schachpartie, Verlag derWiener Schachzeitung, Vienna, 1924, pp. 411–25.
  10. ^Richard Reti,Die Meister des Schachbretts (Masters of the Chessboard), p121, p160 (1930)
  11. ^"David Janowski vs. Edward Lasker".Chessgames.com. Retrieved1 March 2010.
  12. ^Palliser, Richard."Nimzo & Benoni July 06 update". chesspublishing.com. Retrieved1 March 2010.
  13. ^"Nodirbek Yakubboev vs Alexander Donchenko, Goa 2025".Chessgames.com.
  14. ^"Alekhine vs König, Vienna 1922".Chessgames.com.
  15. ^Kenilworth Chess Club,http://www.kenilworthchessclub.org/kenilworthian/2005/11/barry-attack-bibliography.html

Bibliography

Further reading

[edit]
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