 | |
 India |  Indonesia |
|---|---|
| Diplomatic mission | |
| Embassy of India,Jakarta | Embassy of Indonesia,New Delhi |
| Envoy | |
| Indian Ambassador to Indonesia | Indonesian Ambassador to India |
India and Indonesia established diplomatic relations on 16 April 1949.[1] India recognizedIndonesia's independence on 2 September 1946.[2] Both countries are neighbours, India'sAndaman and Nicobar Islands share a maritime border with Indonesia along theAndaman Sea.
The Indian-Indonesian relationship stretches back for almost two millennia. In 1950, the first President of Indonesia,Sukarno, called upon the peoples of Indonesia and India to "intensify the cordial relations" that had existed between the two countries "for more than 1000 years" before they had been "disrupted" bycolonial powers.[3]
India has anembassy inJakarta and Indonesia operates an embassy inDelhi.[4] India regards Indonesia as a key member ofASEAN. Both nations had agreed to establish a strategic partnership.[5] The two countries have significantbilateral trade.[6]
India and Indonesia are among the largest democracies in the world.[7] Both are member states of theG-20, the E7 (countries),BRICS, theNon-aligned Movement, and theUnited Nations.
According to a 2013BBC World Service Poll, 51% of Indonesians view India's influence positively, with 21% expressing a negative view.[8]
South Indian originrouletted ware at the site of Simberan,Bali has produced a carbon dating of 660 BCE (+/- 100). The population exchanges and intermarriages in the island of Bali between Indonesians and Indians has been archaeologically dated to second century BCE.[9]
The ties between Indonesia and India date back to the times of theRamayana,[10] "Yawadvipa" (Java) is mentioned in India's earliest epic, theRamayana.Sugriva, the chief ofRama's army dispatched his men to Yawadvipa, the island of Java, in search ofSita.[11] Indians had visited Indonesia since ancient times, and ancient Indonesian (Austronesian people) has embarked in maritime trade in Southeast Asian seas andIndian Ocean. The Ancient Indians spreadHinduism and many other aspects of Indian culture including theSanskrit andBrahmi Script. The trace of Indian influences is most evident in great numbers of Sanskritloanwords inIndonesian languages.
The nameIndonesia derives from the LatinIndus, meaning "India", and the Greeknesos, meaning "island". (due to the similarity of the culture in both regions).[12] The name dates to the 18th century, far predating the formation of independent Indonesia. During theSrivijaya era, many Indonesians studied atNalanda University in India.[13]
Indonesia entered its historical period after the adoption ofPallawa script andSanskrit language from India as evidence in some of earliest inscriptions dated from Indonesia's oldest kingdoms such as the Yupa ofKutai,Tugu ofTarumanagara and historical records ofKalingga.IndianisedHindu-Buddhist kingdoms, such asSrivijaya,Medang,Sunda andMajapahit were the predominant governments in Indonesia, and lasted from 200[14] to the 16th century, with the last remaining being inBali.
The Indian Epics — the Ramayana and theMahabharata — play an important role inIndonesian culture and history, and are popular amongst Indonesians to this day. In the open theatres of thePrambanan in Java, JavaneseMuslims perform theRamayana dance during full moon nights. An example of deep Hindu-Buddhist influence inIndonesian history is ninth centuryBorobudur and Prambanan temples. Even after the adoption ofIslam, the link between two countries remained strong; not only because India has a significant population of Muslims herself. Indonesian Islamic architecture, especially in Sumatra, has been deeply influenced by IndianMughal architecture, evident in theBaiturrahman Grand Mosque inAceh andMedan's Great Mosque.[citation needed]
Cultural admiration is not one-sided however, Indians also relate closely toIndonesian culture, especially Hindu Balinese culture. During his visit to Java and Bali in 1927,Rabindranath Tagore, an Indian poet, was so enamored to Bali and said "Wherever I go on the island, I see God". Then 23 years later in 1950, PanditJawaharlal Nehru hailed Bali as the "Morning of the World".[15]
India and Indonesia officially signed a treaty of friendship on 3 March 1951.[16] In 1955, Indian Prime MinisterJawaharlal Nehru and Indonesian PresidentSukarno were among the five founders of theNon-aligned Movement.
Throughout their shared history, most of relations between India and Indonesia were harmonious and peaceful, except during1965 war with India. At that time, Indonesia offered to provide Pakistan with military help, and 'to seize Andaman and Nicobar Islands' of India so as to distract it from theKashmir front, eventually mobilising submarines to help Pakistan. A maritime boundary agreement between the two countries was issued in New Delhi on 14 January 1977.[17]
President of Indonesia Sukarno was the first chief guest at the annualRepublic Day parade of India in 1950. In the year 2011, PresidentSusilo Bambang Yudhoyono was the chief guest for the same event.[7]
![Borobudur, a Buddhist Temple built by Sailendra dynasty, the temple's design in Gupta architecture reflects India's influence on the region.[18]](/mt/?noimg=&dark=on&url=https%3a%2f%2fen.wikipedia.org%2fwiki%2fFile%3aBorobudur-Nothwest-view.jpg)
![The Prambanan Temple of Central Java, reflecting Hindu architectural influences.[19]](/mt/?noimg=&dark=on&url=https%3a%2f%2fen.wikipedia.org%2fwiki%2fFile%3aPrambanan_Trimurti.jpg)
![The Balinese script in a Hindu temple. India introduced the first form of writing to Indonesia, which evolved into the writing scripts still used in Bali and Java.[20]](/mt/?noimg=&dark=on&url=https%3a%2f%2fen.wikipedia.org%2fwiki%2fFile%3aPura_Puseh_05153.jpg)
India and Indonesia, united by historic cultural ties, have signed strategic partnership agreement to enhance cooperation in the national and maritime security and safety, trade connectivity, infrastructure and economic development. India's southernmost territory ofAndaman and Nicobar Islands lies close to Aceh province of Indonesia, an area which is an important global trade route. In May 2018,"Shared Vision of Maritime Cooperation in the Indo Pacific" agreement was signed when Indian Prime MinisterNarendra Modi visited Indonesia. Subsequently,Indian Navy andIndonesian Navy have been hosting bilateral"Samudra Shakti" naval exercise since November 2018 including inJava Sea andAndaman Sea. These exercises are a significant enhancement of operational engagement between these two navies after their 2002"Ind-Indo Corpat" agreement. India and Indonesia are also jointly developingSabang Deep sea Port, and Indian naval ships have been regularly visiting this port after the signing of the agreement. Several Indian navy ships undertook naval exercises and visits to Indonesia e.g. a destroyer INS Rana in 2002, INS Sumitra in July 2018, INS VIJIT in 2019.[21]
On 25 January 2011, after talks by Indian Prime MinisterManmohan Singh and visiting President of IndonesiaSusilo Bambang Yudhoyono, India and Indonesia had signed business deals worth billions of dollars and set an ambitious target of doubling trade over the next five years.[22]
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Yudhoyono'sSecond United Indonesia Cabinet was announced in October 2009 after he was re-elected as president earlier in the year. The vice-president in Yudhoyono's second cabinet was Dr.Boediono. Boediono replacedJusuf Kalla who was vice-president in the first Yudhoyono cabinet.
India also has further economic ties with Indonesia through its free trade agreement withASEAN, of which Indonesia is a member.[23]
The two countries target to achieve bilateral trade of $25 billion by 2015, with cumulative Indian investments of $20 billion in Indonesia.[6]
In 2025,India–Indonesia economic ties deepened further with a surge in palm oil trade. FollowingIndia’s reduction of import tariffs,Indonesia expects palm oil exports toIndia to exceed 5 million tonnes, up from 4.8 million tonnes in 2024.Indonesia is also supplying 100,000 germinated palm seeds to supportIndia’s National Mission on Edible Oils–Oil Palm, which aims to expand palm cultivation to 1 million hectares by 2025–26. The two nations signed an MoU between the Indonesian Palm Oil Council (IPOC) and the Indian Vegetable Oil Producers’ Association (IVPA) to strengthen collaboration, address consumer concerns, and promote sustainable palm oil use—reflecting growing strategic and agricultural cooperation between the two countries.[24]
Historically, Indonesian archipelago was heavily influenced bydharmic civilization of India. For example,Ramayana is a major theme inIndonesian dance drama traditions, especially inJava andBali.
The cultural ties still continue, with popular IndonesianDangdut music displaying the influence ofHindustani musics very popular within the people of Indonesia especially middle-class to lower-class people that enjoy thetabla-beat music.Bollywood films and music are also popular in Indonesia.[25] To promote Indian culture in Indonesia, the Jawaharlal Nehru Indian Cultural Centre was established inJakarta in 1989, featuring alibrary and providing lessons on Indian culture, as well as promoting art such asYoga,Indian music anddance.[26]
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