India's quantum computer is the proposed and plannedquantum computer to be developed by 2026. A quantum computer is a computer based on quantum phenomena and governed by the principles ofquantum mechanics inphysics. The development in the field of quantum computing in the world is also intricately linked to India. The legacy of quantum computing in India can be traced back from the period of Indian theoretical physicistSatyendra Nath Bose. His last four publication onquantum statistics andcondensed matter physics led to the foundation of quantum mechanics. It was published in the year 1924.[1]
The first quantum computer India launch was of 7qubits developed atTata Institute of Fundamental Research,Mumbai.[2] In April 2025, An Indian startup namedQpiAi unveiled a 25qubit Quantum Computer namedIndus, this quantum computer launched, is the first full-stack quantum computing system in the country selected under National Quantum Mission(NQM),Government of India scheme.[3][4][5][6] In the next five years, it is expected that India will invest around one billion dollars in the programs related to the development of the quantum computer.[7] TheGovernment of India has launched an initiative called asNational Quantum Mission to achieve the goal of the development of the India's quantum computer.[8][9] India is one of the seven countries having dedicated National Quantum Mission to the development of quantum technologies in the country.[10] The union defence ministerRajnath Singh emphasized on the development of quantum computing during the ceremony of 16th foundation day ofIndian Institute Technology, Mandi.[11]
"The time to come is ofquantum computing."
— Rajnath Singh, Union Defence Minister, Government of India
The Indian startup company QpiAI launched a 25 qubits quantum computer known asQpiAI-Indus on 14 April 2025. The QpiAI-Indus quantum computer is an India's one of the most powerful quantum computer. It is a superconducting quantum computer. The launch of the QpiAI-Indus quantum computer was announced on the occasion of theWorld Quantum Day. TheQpiAI-Indus quantum computer is India's first full-stack quantum computing system that combines advanced quantum hardware, scalable control, and optimized software for transformative hybrid computing. In this quantum computer, advanced quantum processors, next-generation Quantum-HPC software platforms, and AI-enhanced quantum solutions have been integrated.[12]
India started its journey towards the development of quantum computer in 2018 by launchingQuantum Enabled Science and Technology (QuEST) program. The QuEST program funded 51 national quantum labs with a budget of 250 crores Indian rupees to develop the required infrastructures for the development of quantum technologies in India.[13] In 2020, the Government of India announced a budget of 8000 crore Indian rupees for the development of quantum technologies and its applications. In the same year, the government launched aNational Mission on Quantum Technologies & Applications (NM-QTA) for a period of five years. The mission was to be implemented by theDepartment of Science & Technology (DST) of the government.[14] After the announcement of the mission, it delayed for four years with no further progress. On 19 April 2023, the government revised the budget to 6003.65 crore Indian rupees and launched National Quantum Mission for period from 2023-24 to 2030-31.Ajai Chowdhry, the co-founder ofHCL was appointed as the chairman of theMission Governing Board for the National Quantum Mission.[8] After the announcement of the mission in 2023, India became the seventh country afterUS,Austria,Finland,France,Canada andChina to have dedicated national mission for the development of quantum technologies. The National Quantum Mission in India is one of the nine missions for national importance under thePrime Minister's Science and Technology Innovation Advisory Council (PM-STIAC).[10]
According to Ajai Chowdhry, the chairman of the Mission Governing Body of the National Quantum Mission, India's first quantum computer will be of capacity to achieve computation of 6qubits. It is expected to be built within the period of one year or few months.[8]
The mission has planned to establish 20-50 qubits quantum computer in the next three years. And in the next five years, it is planned to build 50-100 qubits quantum computer. Similarly in the next ten years, the mission has planned to establish a quantum computer of capability to achieve computation of 50-1000 qubits.[8]
The mission has further more plan to establish satellite-based securequantum communications upto distances of 2,000 kilometres between ground stations within the country. Similarly it is also planned to enable long-distance secure quantum communications with other countries by both satellite and fibre-based. Apart from that it has planned to establish a multi-node quantum network to implement inter-cityquantum key distribution (QKD) for covering distances of over 2,000 kilometres.[10] There is also planning for development ofatomic clocks andmagnetometers for precision navigation.[15]
TheNational Quantum Mission has established four Thematic Hubs (T-Hubs) to propel research and innovation ofquantum technologies in India to position the country in the race of global quantum technology. The Thematic Hubs have four verticals. They arequantum computing,quantum communication,quantum sensing & metrology andquantum materials & devices. TheIndian Institute of Science inBangalore is made Thematic Hub for quantum computing andIndian Institute of Technology Madras is selected for quantum communication. SimilarlyIndian Institute of Technology Bombay andIndian Institute of Technology Delhi are made Thematic Hubs for quantum sensing & metrology and quantum materials & devices, respectively.[16]
In May 2025, the Quantum Valley Tech Park was established inAmaravati,Andhra Pradesh, to develop India's quantum industry and is the country's first quantumtechnology park.[17][18] The construction of the Quantum Valley Tech Park's main block and auxiliary infrastructure is being undertaken byLarsen & Toubro and the park is scheduled to open in January 2026.[18]
TheMinistry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY) in collaboration withAmazon Web Services (AWS) established aQuantum Computing Applications Lab to facilitate research and development related to quantum computing in the month of January in 2021. Similarly in the month of March, theDepartment of Science and Technology (Government of India) and 13 research groups from theIndian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) launchedI-HUB Quantum Technology Foundation (I-HUB QTF) atPune for the development of quantum technologies. On the 22nd day of the same month, theIndian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) successfully demonstrated free-spaceQuantum Communication over a distance of 300 metre. A number of indigenous key technologies were developed to achieve it. It used the indigenousNAVIC receiver for time synchronization between the transmitter and receiver modules, and gimbal mechanism systems. A live videoconferencing was demonstrated usingQuantum Key Distribution (QKD) link. It was demonstrated at the campus ofSpace Applications Centre (SAC) inAhmedabad. The demonstration was between the two line-of-sight buildings within the campus. It was conducted at night to prevent the interference of the direct sunlight in the demonstration. The experiment is considered as a major achievement of ISRO towards the goal of demonstratingSatellite Based Quantum Communication (SBQC).[19][20] In the month of July, theDefense Institute of Advanced Technology (DIAT) and theCentre for Development of Advanced Computing (C-DAC) collaborated to develop quantum computers in India. In the month of August,Quantum Computer Simulator (QSim) Toolkit was launched for academicians, industry professionals, students and the scientific community in India. It was launched to provide the environment for the development of quantum technologies and allow researchers to write and debug quantum code necessary forquantum algorithms in the country. In the month of October, theCentre for Development of Telematics (C-DOT) unveiled aQuantum Key Distribution (QKD) solution to support more than 100 kilometers on standard optical fiber and launched a quantum communication lab. In the month of December, a quantum computing laboratory and an AI center was established by theIndian Army at its engineering college in the state ofMadhya Pradesh which was backed by theNational Security Council Secretariate (NSCS).[21]
In April 2022, Indian scientists ofDRDO andIndian Institute of Technology Delhi were successful in demonstrating aQuantum Key Distribution (QKD) link for more than 100 kilometers. The scientists used existing commercial-grade fiber-optic networks betweenPrayagraj andVindhyachal inUttar Pradesh for achieving the demonstration of the Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) link.[21] On 27 March 2023, the Union Telecom MinisterAshwini Vaishnava announced atIndia's first international quantum enclave that the country's first quantum computing based telecom network link is operational between theSanchar Bhawan and theNational Informatics Centre office at the CGO Complex in the national capitalNew Delhi.[22]
According to professorR Vijayaraghavan ofTata Institute of Fundamental Research Mumbai, the institute has demonstrated 3-qubit quantum computer based on superconductingqubits.[23] On 28 August 2024, Indian scientists ofDRDO Young Scientists Laboratory for Quantum Technologies (DYSL-QT) at Pune, andTata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai completed end-to-end testing of 6-qubit quantum processor. It was based on superconducting circuit technology.[24] A quantum computing device which uses 6 quantum bits (also known as qubits) for processing information is known as 6-qubit quantum processor. This project was completed by the collaborative efforts of the three organisations DYSL-QT, TIFR, andTata Consultancy Services (TCS).[25]
The control and measurement apparatus for the quantum processor was developed by the team of DYSL-QT at Pune. It uses a combination of off-the-shelf electronics and custom-programmed development boards. Similarly a novel ring-resonator architecture was invented by the team of Tata Institute of Fundamental Research at their campus. It was employed in designing and fabrication of the qubits. The contribution of the team of Tata Consultancy Services was in the development of the cloud-based interface for the quantum hardware. This successful testing of the 6-qubit quantum processor is considered as a significant milestone in the journey of quantum computing in India and positioned the country as a significant player in the race of global quantum technologies.[25]
C-DAC is building a quantum computing center at its campus inBangalore by the help ofNational Quantum Mission. It is called asQuantum Reference Facility. The project of the quantum reference facility has three components. These are importing components, assembling, and developing software and applications. It is expected that the quantum reference facility will be completed and fully operational in the next three years.[26]
TheIndian Institute of Technology Mandi is developing an indigenous room-temperature quantum computer at itsCenter for Quantum Science and Technologies (CQST) by the assistance of National Quantum Mission. The quantum computer will usephotons for faster calculations. According to the official of the institute, it is expected that the room-temperature optical quantum computer will have "unique ability to analyse data and suggest solutions with 86 per cent accuracy without using traditional algorithms". Similarly "instead of CPU, the quantum computer will operate as a graphics processor (GPU) with a sophisticated user interface, quantum simulator and quantum processing capabilities in place".[27]
TheRaman Research Institute in Bangalore has established dedicated laboratory for quantum technology research. It is known as Quantum Information and Computing (QuIC) lab and headed by professorUrbasi Sinha.[28] The lab is working towards photonic quantum science and technologies. It is one of the first lab in India to manufacture and establish the usage of heralded and entangled photon sources towards various applications in quantum technologies.[29] The researchers of the QuIC lab have built a quantum random number generator that produced around 1 million certified random bits. In 2025, the same process was tested on a commercial quantum computer of IBM.[28]
In May 2025, IBM, TCS and theGovernment of Andhra Pradesh formed a partnership to participate in the state'sQuantum Valley Tech Park in Amaravati and develop India's largest quantum computer.[17]
In the race of the development of quantum technologies, somestartups companies in India are emerging to boost research and development projects of quantum computing in India.Bangalore based startup company QpiAI was founded in 2019 for advancements in quantum computing and generative AI technologies. It was founded byNagendra Nagaraja who is presently the CEO of the company. The company has planned to establish a 25-qubit quantum computer at its headquarter in Bangalore very soon within this year.[30][31]
Similarly another quantum computing startup companyBosonQ Psi was also established in Bangalore. It is a simulation software company utilizing quantum computing. It was named after the famous Indian quantum physicistSatyendra Nath Bose and the fundamental quantity Psi. It is also onboard with the US-based IT companyIBM's quantum networks.[32][33]
TheGovernment of India under its two flagship initiativesNational Quantum Mission andNational Mission on Interdisciplinary Cyber-Physical Systems has selected eight major startups companies for innovation of advanced technologies in the areas of quantum computing, communication, sensing, and advanced materials. These eight major startups companies areQNu Labs (Bengaluru), QPiAI India Private Limited (Bengaluru), Dimira Technologies Private Limited (IIT Mumbai), Prenishq Private Limited (IIT Delhi), QuPrayog Private Limited (Pune), Quanastra Private Limited (Delhi), Pristine Diamonds Private Limited (Ahmedabad) and Quan2D Technologies Private Limited (Bengaluru).[15]
The eight startups companies have been given responsibilities for the development of various range of technologies. The startup company QNu Labs represents to the development of quantum communication. It specializes in developing quantum-safe heterogeneous networks that offers secure communication solutions preventing cyber threats. Similarly QPiAI India Private Ltd represents to the development ofsuperconducting quantum computing. It is building a superconducting quantum computer which will contribute towards development of scalable and high performance quantum systems.[15]
The startups companies Dimira Technologies Private Limited and Prenishq Private Limited are working on essential hardware development for the quantum computer. Dimira Technologies Private Limited is developing indigenouscryogenic cables which is a critical component for maintaining the low-temperature environments required for the quantum hardware. Similarly Prenishq Private Limited is developing precision diode-laser systems. These precision diode-laser systems are essential part for quantum computing and sensing technologies. The startups companies QuPrayog Private Limited and Quanastra Private Limited are working onquantum sensing technologies. QuPrayog Private Limited is working on the innovations of optical atomic clocks and relatedquantum metrology technologies. These technologies have potential applications in healthcare and precise timekeeping. Quanastra Private Limited is working on the creation of advanced cryogenic systems and superconducting detectors to support quantum sensing and communication efforts.[15]
The startups companies Pristine Diamonds Private Limited in Ahmedabad and Quan2D Technologies Private Limited in Bangalore are developingQuantum Materials andPhoton Detection. The Pristine Diamonds Private Limited is working towards designing diamond-based materials for quantum sensing which is a promising avenue inquantum materials science. Similarly the Quan2D Technologies Private Limited is developing superconductingnanowiresingle-photon detectors to enhancequantum communication capabilities.[15]
