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Outline of Turkey

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Overview of and topical guide to Turkey

The followingoutline is provided as an overview of and topical guide toTurkey:

Turkey, officially theRepublic of Türkiye, sovereignEurasian country that stretches across theAnatolian peninsula inSouthwest Asia andThrace (Rumelia) at the southeastern tip of theBalkan Peninsula inSouthern Europe.^[1] Turkey is ademocratic,secular,unitary, constitutional republic whosepolitical system was established in 1923 under the leadership ofMustafa Kemal Atatürk, following the fall of theOttoman Empire in the aftermath ofWorld War I.

General reference

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Pronunciation:/ˈtɜːr.ki/ ^ⓘ
Common English country name:Turkey
Official English country name: TheRepublic of Türkiye
Common endonym(s), i.e., inTurkish:Türkiye
Official endonym(s):Türkiye Cumhuriyeti^ⓘ
Adjectival(s):Turkish
Demonym(s):Turks(inTurkish language: Türkler)
Etymology:Name of Turkey
International rankings of Turkey
ISO country codes: TR, TUR, 792
ISO region codes: SeeISO 3166-2:TR
Internet country code top-level domain:.tr

Geography of Turkey

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Little Ararat is in theEastern Anatolia region.

Main article:Geography of Turkey

Turkey is: acountry
Location:
- Northern Hemisphere andEastern Hemisphere
- Eurasia
  - Asia (exceptThrace)
    - Southwest Asia
  - Europe
    - Southeast Europe
- Time zone
  - Turkey Standard Time (UTC+03:00), since 2016
  - Eastern European Time (UTC+02:00)Eastern Daylight Time (UTC+03:00), until 2016.
- Extreme points of Turkey
  - High:Mount Ararat 5,137 m (16,854 ft)
  - Low:Mediterranean Sea andBlack Sea 0 m
- Land boundaries: 2,648 km (1645 mi)

Syria (outline) 822 km (511 mi)

Iran (outline) 499 km (511 mi)

Iraq (outline) 352 km (310 mi)

Armenia (outline) 268 km (167 mi)

Georgia (outline) 252 km (157 mi)

Bulgaria (outline) 240 km (149 mi)

Greece (outline) 206 km (5128 mi)

Azerbaijan (outline) 9 km (6 mi)

Coastline: 7,200 km (4,474 mi)

Population of Turkey: 82 million19th most populous country
Area of Turkey: 783,562 km² (302,455 sq mi)36th most extensive country
Atlas of Turkey
Cities of Turkey, by population

For a more comprehensive list, seeGeographical regions of Turkey.

v t e Geographical regions ofTurkey
Aegean Black Sea Central Anatolia Eastern Anatolia Marmara Mediterranean Southeastern Anatolia

Ecoregions of Turkey

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List of ecoregions in Turkey

Administrative divisions of Turkey

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Administrative divisions of Turkey

Provinces of Turkey
- Districts of Turkey
  - Belde (semi-rural)
  - Villages (rural)
  - Neighbourhoods (urban)

Municipalities of Turkey

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Municipalities of Turkey
- Capital of Turkey:Ankara
- Metropolitan municipalities in Turkey
- Cities of Turkey

Statistical divisions of Turkey

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NUTS of Turkey

Demography of Turkey

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Demographics of Turkey

Census in Turkey

Climate of Turkey

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Climate of Turkey

Government and politics of Turkey

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Main article:Politics of Turkey

National government

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Main article:Government of Turkey

Constitution of Turkey

Legislative branch

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Further information:Legislative branch

Parliament of Turkey
- Speaker of the Grand National Assembly

Executive branch

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Further information:Executive branch

Head of state andHead of government:President of Turkey,Recep Tayyip Erdoğan (12th)
Vice President of Turkey: Fuat Oktay (1st)
Cabinet of Turkey

Judicial branch

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Further information:Judicial branch

Turkey national courts

Foreign relations

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Main article:Foreign relations of Turkey

Foreign relations of Turkey

Bilateral relations

Africa

Central	Angola Cameroon Central African Republic Chad Democratic Republic of the Congo Republic of the Congo Equatorial Guinea Gabon
East	Burundi Djibouti Eritrea Ethiopia Kenya Madagascar Malawi Mauritius Mozambique Rwanda Seychelles Somalia South Sudan Sudan Tanzania Uganda Zambia Zimbabwe
North	Algeria Egypt Libya Morocco Tunisia
Southern	Namibia South Africa
West	Benin Burkina Faso Cape Verde Côte d'Ivoire The Gambia Ghana Guinea Guinea-Bissau Liberia Mali Mauritania Niger Nigeria Senegal Sierra Leone Togo

Americas

Caribbean	Bahamas Cuba Dominican Republic Haiti St. Vincent and the Grenadines Trinidad and Tobago
Central	Costa Rica Guatemala Nicaragua Panama
Northern	Canada Mexico United States
South	Argentina Bolivia Brazil Chile Colombia Ecuador Paraguay Peru Suriname Uruguay Venezuela

Asia

Central	Afghanistan Kazakhstan Kyrgyzstan Tajikistan Turkmenistan Uzbekistan
East	China Japan Mongolia North Korea South Korea Taiwan
South	Bangladesh India Maldives Nepal Pakistan Sri Lanka
Southeast	Brunei Cambodia Indonesia Laos Myanmar Malaysia Philippines Singapore Thailand Timor-Leste Vietnam
Western	Armenia Azerbaijan Bahrain Georgia Abkhazia Iran Iraq Kurdistan Region Israel Jordan Kuwait Lebanon Oman Palestine Qatar Saudi Arabia Syria United Arab Emirates Yemen

Europe

Central	Czech Republic Hungary Poland Slovakia
Eastern	Belarus Bulgaria Moldova Romania Russia Ukraine
Northern	Denmark Estonia Finland Iceland Ireland Latvia Lithuania Norway Sweden United Kingdom
Southern	Albania Bosnia and Herzegovina Croatia Cyprus Northern Cyprus Greece Italy Kosovo Malta Montenegro North Macedonia Portugal San Marino Serbia Slovenia Spain Vatican City
Western	Austria Belgium France Germany Luxembourg Netherlands Switzerland

Oceania

Australasia	Australia New Zealand
Melanesia	Solomon Islands
Polynesia	Samoa Tonga

Former states

Multilateral relations

Current	International organizations Arab League European Union Accession negotiations NATO Organization of Turkic States United Nations
Historical	Central Treaty Organization First Balkan Pact Second Balkan Pact

Diplomacy

Peace Agreements and Treaties	Treaty of Ankara Border with Iraq Treaty of Constantinople Border with Bulgaria Greece Treaty of Kars Border with Armenia Azerbaijan Georgia Treaty of Lausanne Border with Syria Treaty of Zuhab Border with Iran Montreux Convention Turkish Straits ECHR European Court of Human Rights
International infrastructure	Oil Baku–Tbilisi–Ceyhan pipeline Kirkuk–Ceyhan pipeline Water Northern Cyprus pipeline Natural gas Blue Stream Tabriz–Ankara pipeline Trans-Anatolian pipeline TurkStream Rail transport Greece–Turkey Azerbaijan–Georgia–Turkey
Missions	Diplomatic missions of Turkey /in Turkey Ministry of Foreign Affairs Minister Diplomatic corps

International organization membership

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Main article:Turkey's membership of international organizations

Military

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Main article:Military of Turkey

Intelligence organizations

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v t e Ministries ofTurkey
Ministries	Agriculture and Forestry (list) Culture and Tourism (list) Energy and Natural Resources (list) Environment, Urbanisation and Climate Change (list) Family and Social Services (list) Foreign Affairs (list) Health (list) Industry and Technology (list) Interior (list) Justice (list) National Defense (list) National Education (list) Labour and Social Security (list) Trade (list) Transport and Infrastructure (list) Treasury and Finance (list) Youth and Sports (list)
Offices	Foreign Affairs EU Affairs and Chief Negotiator
Defunct	Prime Ministry (list) Deputy Prime Ministries (list) Construction and Settlement Coordination Customs and Monopolies Development Economic Affairs Enterprises EU Affairs and Chief Negotiator General Staff Local Governments Navy Sharia and the Foundations Village Affairs

History of Turkey

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Main articles:History of Turkey andTimeline of Turkish history

Topkapı is one of the manyOttoman palaces inIstanbul.

History of Turkey, by period

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History of Turkey, by subject

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Culture of Turkey

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Topkapı served as the main residence ofOttoman sultans in the 15th and 16th centuries.

Dolmabahçe Palace is on theBosporus with sweeping views.

Dolmabahçe Palace displaysBaroque influences inOttoman architecture.

The chandelier inDolmabahçe Palace was a gift fromQueen Victoria.

Appreciation forTurkish coffee inIstanbul led to the creation of the first evercoffeehouse in the world.

Salep is a traditional drink that is made out oforchids.

Turkey consumes moretea per capita than any other country.

Turquerie:Madame de Pompadour portrayed as aTurkish lady in 1747.

Turquerie:Crown prince of Austria had his working room decorated in theTurkish style in 1881.

Main article:Culture of Turkey

Art in Turkey

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Law in Turkey

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Main article:Law of Turkey

v t e Law enforcement in Turkey
National	General Directorate of Security Gendarmerie General Command Coast Guard Command Directorate General of Coastal Safety General Directorate of Forest Protection General Directorate of Prisons and Detention Houses
Local	Municipal police Village guard system
Intelligence	National Intelligence Organization Gendarmerie Intelligence Department Police Intelligence Department Intelligence Department of the General Staff Department of Intelligence, Operations and Information Collection
Government	National Security Council Ministry of the Interior
Customs	General Directorate of Customs Protection
Military	Askeri İnzibat (Military Police)

Religion in Turkey

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Main article:Religion in Turkey

Sports in Turkey

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Oil wrestling is the national sport ofTurkey.

Sports in Turkey

Economy and infrastructure of Turkey

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Istanbul Airport is the main international airport inIstanbul.

Turkey provideshigh-speed rail service with speeds up to 300 km/h (186 mph).

Butterfly Valley, home to 105 species of butterflies, is a popular tourist attraction.

Main article:Economy of Turkey

Education in Turkey

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Robert College is a selective high school inTurkey.

Galatasaray Lisesi (gate pictured) is a public high school inIstanbul that dates back to 1481.

Main article:Education in Turkey

v t e International schools inTurkey
France	Lycée Français Pierre Loti d'Istanbul Lycée Français Charles de Gaulle, Ankara
Germany	Ankara Ernst-Reuter School
United Kingdom	British International School Istanbul Tarabya British Schools
United States	Ankara Elementary/High School
Japan	Istanbul Japanese School
Russia	International Russian School in Antalya
International	Istanbul International Community School MEF International School Istanbul

References

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^"Turkey".The World Factbook.United States Central Intelligence Agency. July 14, 2009. Archived fromthe original on January 10, 2021. RetrievedJuly 23, 2009.

Turkey

History

Ancient and Middle Ages	Prehistory of Anatolia Classical Anatolia Byzantine Anatolia
Seljuks andBeyliks	Seljuk Empire Battle of Manzikert Sultanate of Rum Anatolian beyliks
Ottoman Empire	Rise Classical Age Conquest of Constantinople Transformation Ottoman Old Regime Tulip era Decline and modernization Tanzimat First Constitutional Era Second Constitutional Era Dissolution Partition
Republic of Türkiye	War of Independence Proclamation of the republic Atatürk's reforms Language reform Secularism One-party period Multi-party period
Overviews	Constitutional Economic Ottoman Military
Topics	Turkic migration Oghuz Turks Turkification Ancient peoples of Anatolia History of Anatolia History of Thrace

Geography

Regions (west to east)	Marmara region Aegean region Mediterranean region Black Sea region Central Anatolia region Eastern Anatolia region Southeastern Anatolia region
Topics	Climate Climate change Earthquakes East Anatolian Fault North Anatolian Fault Environmental issues Air pollution Waste management Fauna Flora and vegetation Geology Lakes Mountains National parks Rivers Turkish Riviera Wildlife

Government

Branches	Legislative Executive Cabinet Judicial Constitutional Court Court of Cassation Court of Jurisdictional Disputes Council of State
Politics	Censorship Elections Parliamentary elections Presidential elections Electoral system Political parties Referendums
Topics	Administrative divisions Foreign relations Intelligence Services Ministry of the Interior National Police Gendarmerie The constitutional system Turkish Armed Forces Air Force Land Navy

Economy

Demographics

Society

Culture	Anthem Architecture Seljuk Ottoman Art Carpet Cinema Cuisine Ottoman Festivals Flag Folk dance Folklore Illumination Intangible cultural heritage Literature Media TV Newspapers Radio stations Miniature Music Names Painting Postage stamps Pottery Sports Football Oil wrestling Theater TV series Video games Wine World heritage sites

Outlines ofAsia andEurope (bycountry)

v t e Outline of Europe
Sovereign states	Albania Andorra Armenia Austria Azerbaijan Belarus Belgium Bosnia and Herzegovina Bulgaria Croatia Cyprus Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Georgia Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Italy Kazakhstan Latvia Liechtenstein Lithuania Luxembourg Malta Moldova Monaco Montenegro Netherlands North Macedonia Norway Poland Portugal Romania Russia San Marino Serbia Slovakia Slovenia Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey Ukraine United Kingdom Vatican City
States with limited recognition	Abkhazia Kosovo Northern Cyprus South Ossetia Transnistria
Dependencies and other entities	Åland Faroe Islands Gibraltar Guernsey Isle of Man Jersey Svalbard
Other entities	European Union

v t e Outline of Asia
Sovereign states	Afghanistan Armenia Azerbaijan Bahrain Bangladesh Bhutan Brunei Cambodia China Cyprus Egypt Georgia India Indonesia Iran Iraq Israel Japan Jordan Kazakhstan North Korea South Korea Kuwait Kyrgyzstan Laos Lebanon Malaysia Maldives Mongolia Myanmar Nepal Oman Palestine Pakistan Philippines Qatar Russia Saudi Arabia Singapore Sri Lanka Syria Tajikistan Thailand Timor-Leste (East Timor) Turkey Turkmenistan United Arab Emirates Uzbekistan Vietnam Yemen
States with limited recognition	Abkhazia Northern Cyprus South Ossetia Taiwan
Dependencies and other territories	British Indian Ocean Territory Christmas Island Cocos (Keeling) Islands Hong Kong Macau
Category Asia portal

v t e Wikipedia outlines
General reference Culture and the arts Geography and places Health and fitness History and events Mathematics and logic Natural and physical sciences People and self Philosophy and thinking Religion and belief systems Society and social sciences Technology and applied sciences

Indices andAsia andEurope (bycountry)

v t e Index of Asia-related articles
Sovereign states	Afghanistan Armenia Azerbaijan Bahrain Bangladesh Bhutan Brunei Cambodia China Cyprus Egypt Georgia India Indonesia Iran Iraq Israel Japan Jordan Kazakhstan North Korea South Korea Kuwait Kyrgyzstan Laos Lebanon Malaysia Maldives Mongolia Myanmar Nepal Oman Palestine Pakistan Philippines Qatar Russia Saudi Arabia Singapore Sri Lanka Syria Tajikistan Thailand Timor-Leste (East Timor) Turkey Turkmenistan United Arab Emirates Uzbekistan Vietnam Yemen
States with limited recognition	Abkhazia Northern Cyprus South Ossetia Taiwan
Dependencies and other territories	British Indian Ocean Territory Christmas Island Cocos (Keeling) Islands Hong Kong Macau
Category Asia portal

v t e Index of Europe-related articles
Sovereign states	Albania Andorra Armenia Austria Azerbaijan Belarus Belgium Bosnia and Herzegovina Bulgaria Croatia Cyprus Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Georgia Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Italy Kazakhstan Latvia Liechtenstein Lithuania Luxembourg Malta Moldova Monaco Montenegro Netherlands North Macedonia Norway Poland Portugal Romania Russia San Marino Serbia Slovakia Slovenia Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey Ukraine United Kingdom Vatican City
States with limited recognition	Abkhazia Kosovo Northern Cyprus South Ossetia Transnistria
Dependencies and other entities	Åland Faroe Islands Gibraltar Guernsey Isle of Man Jersey Svalbard

v t e Indices
General reference Culture and the arts Geography and places Health and fitness History and events Law Mathematics and logic Natural and physical sciences People and self Philosophy and thinking Religion and belief systems Society and social sciences Technology and applied sciences