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Imdadullah Muhajir Makki

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Indian Islamic scholar (1817–1899)

Sayyidut Taa’ifah
Haji Imdadullah Muhajir Makki
Personal life
Born1814
Died1899 (aged 81–82)
NationalityIndian
Religious life
ReligionIslam
DenominationSunni
JurisprudenceHanafi[1]
TariqaChishti
MovementMaturidi
Muslim leader
Military career
Years of service1857
Battles / warsIndian War of Independence
Part ofa series on the
Deobandi movement
Ideology and influences
Founders and key figures
Notable institutions
Centres (markaz) of Tablighi Jamaat
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Deobandi jihadism:

Imdadullah Muhajir Makki (1817 – 1899)[2]: 222  was an Indian MuslimSufischolar of theChishtiSufi order.[2]: 223 [3] His disciples includeMuhammad Qasim Nanautawi,Rashid Ahmad Gangohi, andAshraf Ali Thanwi. In theIndian Rebellion of 1857, he led the Muslims in Thana Bhawan to fight against theBritish.[4][5][6]

Early life

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Imdadullah Muhaajir Makki was born inNanauta,British India in 1817.[7]: 347  His father Muhammad Amīn named him Imdad Hussain. However,Shah Muhammad Ishaq gave him the name of Imdādullah.[7][8]

Aged seven, Imdādullah lost his mother who wrote her will that none shall touch her kid after her, and kept Imdādullah more beloved to her in those seven years; this became a hurdle that no one took care of Imdādullah's education.[7]: 348  He then started memorizing theQuran on his own but failed to do so. Aged 16, he traveled toDelhi withMamluk Ali Nanautawi to seek education.[7]: 348 

Religious work and travels

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At the age of eighteen, hisbay'at was accepted by NasiruddinNaqshbandi.[8] Later he went to study under Mianji (Noor Mohammad Jhanjhanvi), as an initiate of the Chishti-Sabiri Sufi order, but after Mianji's death he temporarily became a semi-recluse. After wandering in the wilderness for six months he was overcome by a strong urge to travel toMedina. On 7 December 1845, he arrived atBanares. From there, he departed forOttoman Arabia forHajj and pilgrimage of the tomb of shrine ofMuhammad.[8]

After the completion of his hajj, Imadadullah remained with Ishaq Muhajir Makki and others. Shah informed him that, after his pilgrimage toMedina, he should return to India. Sayyid Qudratullah Banarasi Makki sent several of hismurids to accompany him to Medina.

Freedom struggle against the British

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InThana Bhawan, the local Sunnis declared Imdadullah their leader. In May 1857 theBattle of Shamli took place between the forces of Imdadullah and the British.[9]

Disciples

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Disciples include:[7]: 352 

Marriages

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Imdadullah married for the first time at the age of 48. After the death of his first wife, he married a blind widow. Because she was blind, she could not manage all household work, so she requested him to take another wife so all household work. Imdadullah then married for the 3rd time. None of his three wives bore him children.[citation needed]

Literary works

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His books include:

  • Faisla Haft Masala
  • Kulliyat-e-Imdadiya
  • Hashiya Mathnavi Moulana Rumi: This is an annotation inPersian on theMathnawi-i Ma’nawi byRumi. During Imadadullah's lifetime, only two parts could be printed. The remainder was printed after his death.
  • Ghiza-e-Ruh (The Nourishment of the Soul): Imadadullah wrote this book in 1264 AH. MianjiNoor Mohammad Jhanjhanvi is also discussed. It consists of 1600 verses of poetry.
  • Ikleelul Quran (Tafseer Quran in Arabi). First Published inBahraich by Taj Offcet Press formerly Aqeel Press NazirPuraBahraich
  • Jihad-e-Akbar (The GreaterJihad): He composed this book in 1268 AH. It is a poetic work inPersian that he translated it intoUrdu. It consists of 17 pages with 679 verses.
  • Mathnavi Tuhfatul Ushshaq (Mathnavi – A Gift for Lovers): This consists of 1324 poetic verses and was compiled in 1281 AH.
  • Risala Dard Ghamnak (The Treatise of Painful Sorrow): It consists of 5 pages with 175 verses.
  • Irshad-e-Murshid (The Directive of the Murshid): This book deals withwadha'if,muraaqabaat,aurad, andshajaraat of the foursilsilas. It was written in 1293 AH.
  • Zia ul Quloob (Glitter of the Hearts): This book is inPersian. He wrote thiskitab inMakkah in 1282 AH on the request of Hafiz Muhammad Yusuf, the son of Hafiz Muhammad Zamin.

Death and legacy

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Imdadullah died atMecca in 1899.[9] He was buried in theJannat al-Mu'alla cemetery besides the grave ofRahmatullah Kairanwi.[7]: 367  His biographical works include:Imdadul Mustaq Ila Asraful Akhlaq byAshraf Ali Thanwi,[14]Shamaem Emdadiya by Muhammad Murtaza Khan Qanauji.[15]

Eponyms

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See also

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References

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  1. ^Makki, Imdadullah Muhajir (1999).Faisla Haft Masala. Muslim Kitabwi. p. 21.
  2. ^abKugle, Scott Alan (2007).Sufis & saints' bodies: mysticism, corporeality, & sacred power in Islam. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.ISBN 978-0807872772.
  3. ^Tareen, SherAli (2013)."FAYSALA-YI HAFT MAS'ALA (A RESOLUTION TO THE SEVEN CONTROVERSIES): Haji Imdadullah's Hermeneutics of Reconciliation".SAGAR: South Asia Graduate Research Journal.21.hdl:2152/28002. Retrieved7 November 2021.
  4. ^Nizami, Moin Ahmad (2018), Kassam, Zayn R.; Greenberg, Yudit Kornberg; Bagli, Jehan (eds.),"Imdādullāh "Muhājir," Hājji",Islam, Judaism, and Zoroastrianism, Encyclopedia of Indian Religions, Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, pp. 308–311,doi:10.1007/978-94-024-1267-3_2001,ISBN 978-94-024-1267-3, retrieved15 October 2022
  5. ^Rizvi, T. H. (1986)."Haji Imdadullah of Thana Bhawan : A Brief Survey of His Life and Work (18181899)".Proceedings of the Indian History Congress.47:489–494.ISSN 2249-1937.JSTOR 44141583.
  6. ^Faruqi, Nisar Ahmad (1988–2016)."İMDÂDULLAH TEHÂNEVÎ".TDV Encyclopedia of Islam (44+2 vols.) (in Turkish). Istanbul:Turkiye Diyanet Foundation, Centre for Islamic Studies.
  7. ^abcdefDeobandi, Nawaz (ed.).Sawaneh Ulama-e-Deoband (in Urdu). Vol. 1 (January 2000 ed.).
  8. ^abc"Biography of Hadhrat Haji Imdadullah Muhajir Makki r.a."Dedicated to Hadhrat Moulana Dr Hafez Tanveer Ahmed Khan Sahib Rahmatullahi Alayh. Retrieved26 March 2017.
  9. ^abAsir Adrawi.Tazkirah Mashāhīr-e-Hind: Karwān-e-Rafta (in Urdu) (2 April 2016 ed.).Deoband: Darul Muallifeen. p. 44.
  10. ^Abu Muhammad Maulana Sana'ullah Shujabadi.Ulama-e-Deoband Ke Aakhri Lamhaat (in Urdu) (2015 ed.). Maktaba RasheediyaSaharanpur. p. 51.
  11. ^Rizwi, Syed Mehboob,History of the Dar al-Ulum Deoband, vol. 2nd, translated by Murtaz Hussain F Quraishi, p. 34
  12. ^Rizwi, Syed Mehboob,History of the Dar al-Ulum Deoband, vol. 2nd, translated by Murtaz Hussain F Quraishi, p. 164
  13. ^Thanwi, Ashraf Ali (1982)."Imdad al-Mushtaq ila Ashraf al-Akhlaq".Islamic Culture.LVI (I). Islamic Culture Board: 321.
  14. ^Ahmad, Ishtiaque (2020).Ulama E Deoband Ki Swaneh Umriyon Ka Tanqeedi Tajziya Azadi Se Qabl (PhD thesis) (in Urdu). India: Department of Urdu,Maulana Azad National Urdu University. pp. 121–126.hdl:10603/338413.
  15. ^Ahmad, Ishtiaque (2020).Ulama E Deoband Ki Swaneh Umriyon Ka Tanqeedi Tajziya Azadi Se Qabl (PhD thesis) (in Urdu). India: Department of Urdu,Maulana Azad National Urdu University. pp. 206–209.hdl:10603/338413.

Bibliography

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