Gökçeada İmroz | |
|---|---|
 View of Gökçeada | |
  Imbros  Imbros  Imbros | |
 Interactive map of Imbros | |
| Geography | |
| Location | Aegean Sea |
| Coordinates | 40°09′39″N25°50′40″E / 40.16083°N 25.84444°E /40.16083; 25.84444 |
| Area | 286.8 km2 (110.7 sq mi) |
| Highest elevation | 673 m (2208 ft) |
| Highest point | İlyas Dağ (Προφήτης ΗλίαςProfitis Ilias) |
| Administration | |
Turkey | |
| District | Gökçeada District |
| Demographics | |
| Population | 10,721 (2023)[1] |
Imbros (Greek:Ίμβρος,romanized: Ímvros;[2]Turkish:İmroz;Ottoman Turkish:ايمروز), officiallyGökçeada (lit. 'Heavenly Island') since 29 July 1970,[3][4] is the largest island of Turkey, located inÇanakkale Province. It is located in the north-northeasternAegean Sea, at the entrance ofSaros Bay, and has the westernmost point of Turkey (Cape İncirburnu). Imbros has an area of 286.8 km2 (110.7 sq mi),[5] and has some wooded areas.[6]
As of 2023, the island-district of Gökçeada has a population of 10,721.[1] The main industries of Imbros are fishing and tourism. By the end of the 20th century, the island was predominantly inhabited by settlers from the Turkish mainland that mostly arrived after 1960,[7] with the indigenous Greek population having declined to about 300 persons by the start of the 21st century.[8]
Historically, the island was primarily inhabited byethnic Greeks[3] since theIron Age until approximately the 1960s, when many were forced to emigrate toGreece as well as toWestern Europe, theUnited States andAustralia, due to a campaign of discrimination andethnic cleansing sponsored by the governments ofİsmet İnönü.[3][8][9][10] The Greek Imbriot diaspora is thought to number around 15,000 globally and in Turkey, and has a strong special Imbrian identity.[8][7] The 2010s saw a tentative revitalisation[further explanation needed] of the island's remaining Greek community.[11]
According toGreek mythology, the palace ofThetis, mother ofAchilles, king ofPhthia, was situated between Imbros andSamothrace.
The stables of the winged horses ofPoseidon were said to lie between Imbros andTenedos.
In the depths of the sea on the cliff
Between Tenedos and craggy Imbros
There is a cave, wide gaping
Poseidon who made the earth tremble,
stopped the horses there.[12]
Eëtion, a lord of or ruler over the island of Imbros, is also mentioned in theIliad. He buysPriam's captured sonLycaon and restores him to his father.[13] Homer also writes thatHera andHypnos leaveLemnos and Imbros making their way toMount Ida.[14] Homer mentions Imbros in the Iliad on other occasions as well.
Imbros is mentioned in theHomeric Hymn which was dedicated toApollo.[15]
Apollonius of Rhodes also mentions Imbros in the first book of his workArgonautica.[16]
The original inhabitants of Imbros werePelasgians, worshippedCabeiri, and Hermes as a god of reproduction inithyphallic form, whence his Carian epithet, 'Ιμβραμος, has been supposed to be derived. For ancient Greeks, the islands ofLemnos and Imbros were sacred toHephaestus, god ofmetallurgy, and on ancient coins of Imbros anithyphallicHephaestus appears. The Imbriots also worshipped an ithyphallic deity calledOrthanes, whose cult was adopted by the Athenians when they conquered the island, though he never became as important in Athens as he was in Imbros.[17]
In classical antiquity, Imbros, like Lemnos, was an Atheniancleruchy, acolony whose settlers retained Athenian citizenship; although since theImbrians appear on the Athenian tribute lists, there may have been a division with the native population. The original inhabitants of Imbros werePelasgians, as mentioned byHerodotus inThe Histories.[18]
In 511 or 512 BC the island was captured by thePersian generalOtanes.[19] But later,Miltiades conquered the island from Persia after thebattle of Salamis; the colony was established about 450 BC, during the first Athenian empire, and was retained byAthens (with brief exceptions) for the next six centuries.Thucydides, in hisHistory of the Peloponnesian War describes the colonization of Imbros,[20] and at several places in his narrative mentions the contribution of Imbrians in support of Athens during various military actions.[21] He also recounts the escape of an Athenian squadron to Imbros.[22]During theSocial War (357–355 BC) theChians,Rhodians andByzantians attacked Imbros andLemnos, which were allies of Athens.[23] In the late second century A.D., the island may have become independent underSeptimius Severus.[24][clarification needed]
Strabo mentions thatCabeiri are most honored in Imbros and Lemnos.[25]
Stephanus of Byzantium mentions that Imbros was sacred to Cabeiri andHermes.[26][27]
Imbrian Mysteries were one of the secret religious rites of ancient Greece (similar to theEleusinian Mysteries). Unfortunately, very little is known about the Imbrian Mysteries.[28]
It is said thatPhilonomus had sent toAmyclae inLaconia colonists from Imbros and Lemnos.[29][30]
Philostratus in his "Letter 70" to the Imbrian Cleophon, states that being aLemnian, he considers Imbros also as his homeland.[31]
Prior to theFall of Constantinople, several larger islands south of Imbros were under Genoese rule, part of the territory historically held in the easternMediterranean by the independentMaritime Republic of Genoa (1005–1797, thus predating theEast–West schism of 1054) a political development emanating from the former territory of the Western Roman Empire, by city-states such asVenice,Pisa andAmalfi.
At the beginning of the 13th century, when the Fourth Crusade and its aftermath temporarily disrupted Venice's relations with the Byzantine Empire, Genoa expanded its influence north of Imbros, into the Black Sea and Crimea.
Ruy González de Clavijo, ambassador toHenry III of Castile to the court ofTimur, travelled through the Aegean during his 1403-1406 Embassy to Samarkand, noted the island as being under the rule of the Byzantines.
Shortly following the fall of Constantinople in 1453, the Byzantine forces in Imbros left the island, and the population became Ottoman subjects. The island was not conquered by force, but rather throughistimalet[clarification needed] policy.Michael Critoboulos, a leading Imvrian, and subsequently a chronicler ofMehmet II, organised and facilitated the peaceful surrender of the island to the Ottomans. In return for taxes and loyalty, the island was given a degree of relative autonomy, with administration under a local person. In 1479, the island came under definitive Ottoman rule. The Ottomans, through issuingkanunname and installing local Muslim rulers, attempted to integrate the entirely Orthodox Greek population.Feryal Tansuğ judges that it is difficult to determine the degree to which the islanders recognised Ottoman rule. After the island became Ottoman soil in 1455 it was administered by Ottomans and Venetians at various times. During this period, and particularly during the reign ofKanuni Sultan Süleyman (1520–1566), the island became a foundation[clarification needed] within the Ottoman Empire. Relations between the Ottomans and Venetians occasionally led to hostilities – for example, in June 1717 during theTurkish-Venetian War (1714-1718), a tough but ultimately fairly indecisivenaval battle between a Venetian fleet, underLodovico Flangini, and an Ottoman fleet, was fought near Imbros in theAegean Sea. Nevertheless, the island's residents continued to live in relative peace and prosperity until the 20th century. The population lived modest lives in subsistence economies and were not involved in upheavals, for instance, theGreek War of Independence (1821-1832).
"Although Greek bandits attacked [...] and landed in Imvros and Lemnos in order to take sustenance support, the islanders did not help them so that Ottoman troops drove back the rebellions."[32][33]
Only in 1864 with the promulgation of the newVilâyet Law was the administrative status of the island in regard to the central government defined. Two administrative districts were formed—the Kazâ/Jurisdiction of İmroz and Bozcaada of the Sanjak/District of Lemnos, a subdivision of the larger province of Eyalet/Administrative Division of the Islands of the Aegean Sea. Prominent Ottoman politician,Ismail Qemal Bej Vlora, who spent about a year during the mid-1870s superintending the workings of a lignite mine upon the island, remarked that:
"The sole authority in the place was the müdür (a sort of mayor appointed by the Government [whose attributions included tax collection, executing the court sentences, and at times mediation of disputes and pacification of the locals]), who was a charming Albanian, and more like the father of this island family than a representative of government. There were four or five gendarmes recruited from among the Greeks of the country, who did not even know where their arms were, so little did they ever find need of using them —and it is doubtful if they would have known how to if the occasion had arisen...We passed whole weeks without communication with the outside world. No telegrams came, nor couriers, nor newspapers, nor anything else to disturb our hermit's life amid this beautiful scenery and among a population that is perhaps the quietest and simplest in the world. There are no pleasures there except the songs of young Greeks and the country dances."[34]
In 1912 during theFirst Balkan War, the Greek Navy invaded the island. The island had an absolute Greek majority population of 8,506 people then.[35] After the signing of theTreaty of Athens in 1913, all of the Aegean islands except Bozcaada and Gökçeada were ceded to Greece.
In 1915, Imbros played an important role as a staging post for the allied Mediterranean Expeditionary Force, prior to and during the invasion of the Gallipoli peninsula. A field hospital, airfield and administrative and stores buildings were constructed on the island. In particular, manyANZAC (Australian and New Zealand Army Corps) soldiers were based at Imbros during the Gallipoli campaign, and the island was used as an air and naval base by ANZAC, British, and French forces against Turkey. The headquarters of GeneralIan Hamilton were on Imbros.[36]
On 20 January 1918, a naval action (seeBattle of Imbros (1918)) took place in the Aegean near the island when an Ottoman squadron engaged a flotilla of the British Royal Navy.
Patrick Shaw-Stewart wrote his famous poem "Achilles in the Trench", one of the best-known war poems of the First World War, while he was on Imbros. He seemed to enjoy speakingancient Greek to the inhabitants of Imbros. In one of his letters he wrote: "here I am, living in a Greek village and talking the language ofDemosthenes to the inhabitants (who are really quite clever at taking my meaning)."[37]
Between November 1912 and September 1923, Imbros, together withTenedos, were under the administration of the Greek navy. Both islands were overwhelmingly ethnically Greek, and in the case of Imbros the population was entirely Greek.[3]
Negotiations to end the Balkan war started in December 1912 in London and the issue of the Aegean islands was one persistent problem. The issue divided the great powers with Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy supporting the Ottoman position for return of all the Aegean islands and Britain and France supporting the Greek position for Greek control of all the Aegean islands.[38] With Italy controlling key islands in the region, major power negotiations deadlocked in London and later in Bucharest. Romania threatened military action with the Greeks against the Ottomans in order to force negotiations in Athens in November 1913.[38] Eventually, Greece and the United Kingdom pressured the Germans to support an agreement where the Ottomans would retain Tenedos,Kastelorizo and Imbros and the Greeks would control the other Aegean islands. The Greeks accepted the plan while the Ottoman Empire rejected the ceding of the other Aegean islands.[38] This agreement would not hold, but the outbreak of World War I and the Turkish War of Independence put the issue to the side.
DuringWorld War IGallipoli Campaign, theBritish used the island as a supply base and built a 600-metre-long airstrip for military operations.[39]
In 1920, theTreaty of Sèvres with the defeatedOttoman Empire granted the island to Greece. The Ottoman government, which signed but did not ratify the treaty, was overthrown by the new Turkish nationalist Government ofMustafa Kemal Atatürk, based in Ankara. After theGreco-Turkish War ended in Greek defeat in Anatolia, and the fall ofLloyd George and his Middle Eastern policies, the western powers agreed to theTreaty of Lausanne with the new Turkish Republic, in 1923. This treaty made the island part of Turkey; but it guaranteed a special autonomous administrative status for Imbros and Tenedos to accommodate the Greeks, and excluded them from thepopulation exchange that took place between Greece and Turkey, due to their presence there as a majority.[40] Article 14 of the treaty provided specific guarantees safeguarding the rights of minorities in both the nations.[41]
However shortly after the legislation of "Civil Law" on 26 June 1927 (Mahalli Idareler Kanunu), the rights accorded to the Greek population of Imbros and Tenedos were revoked, in violation of the Lausanne Treaty. The island was demoted from an administrative district to a sub-district with the result that the island was to be stripped of its local tribunals. Moreover, the members of the local council were obliged to have adequate knowledge of the Turkish language, which meant that the vast majority of the islanders were excluded. Furthermore, according to this law, the Turkish government retained the right to dissolve this council and in certain circumstances, to introduce police force and other officials consisting of non-islanders. This law also violated the educational rights of the local community and imposed an educational system similar to that followed by ordinary Turkish schools.[42]
Massive scale persecution against the local Greek element started in 1961, as part of theEritme Programmi operation that aimed at the elimination of Greek education and the enforcement of economic, psychological pressure and violence. Under these conditions the Turkish government approved the appropriation of the 90% of the cultivated areas of the island and the settlement of additional 6,000 ethnic Turks from mainland Turkey.[43][44] The Turkish Government, also, closed the Greek schools on the island and classified it as "supervised zone", which meant thatexpatriates could not visit the island and their homes without special admission.[44] Greeks on the island were also targeted by the construction of an open prison on the island that included inmates convicted of rape and murder, who were then allowed to roam freely on the island and harass locals.[8][45] Some are said to have committed the same crimes before the prison was closed down in 1992.[8] Farming land was expropriated for the prison.[46] Furthermore, with the 1964 Law on Land Expropriation (No 6830) the farm property of the Greeks on the island was taken away from their owners.[47]In 1965, the first mosque was built in the island. It was named Fatih Camii (Conqueror's Mosque) and was built on an expropriated Greek Orthodox communal property at the capital of the island.[48] Additional population settlements from Anatolia occurred in 1973, 1984 and 2000. The state provided special credit opportunities and agricultural aid in kind to those who would decide to settle in the island.[49] New settlements were created and existing settlements were renamed with Turkish names.[8] The island itself was officially renamed to Gökçeada in 1970.[8] On the other hand, the indigenous Greek population being deprived of its means of production and facing hostile behaviour from the government and the newly arrived settlers, left its native land. The peak of this exodus was in 1974 during the Cyprus crisis.[50]
In 1991, Turkish authorities ended the military "forbidden zone" status on the island.[46]
In 1992, Panimbrian Committee mentioned, that members of the Greek community are "considered by the authorities to be second class citizens" and that the local Greeks are afraid to express their feelings, to protest against certain actions of the authorities or the Turkish settlers, or even to allow anybody to make use of their names when they give some information referring to the violation of their rights, fearing the consequences which they will have to face from the Turkish authorities.[46] In the same yearHuman Rights Watch report concluded that the Turkish government has denied the rights of the Greek community on Imbros and Tenedos in violation of the Lausanne Treaty and international human rights laws and agreements.[46]
By 2000, only 400 Greeks remained, while the Turks were around 8,000.[51] As of 2015[update], only 318 Greeks remained on the island, whereas the number of Turks increased to 8,344.[8] However, international pressure resulted in Turkey's authorities relaxing some of the previously imposed restrictions in the 2000s, which, combined with efforts of the Imvrian expatriate communities and theEcumenical PatriarchBartholomew, a native of Imbros, allowed the opening of Greek educational establishments on the island as well as the return of some Greeks who had left their native Imbros. In 2022, there were three Greek schools operating on the island, the Greek population of Imbros being over 400 people, whereas the number of Turks has increased to over 10,000.[11][52]
In November 2019, a team of archaeologists led by Burçin Erdogan unearthed an approximately 8,000-year-old T-shapedobelisk in the Uğurlu-Zeytinlik mound. The monument made of two parts connected by seven-meter long walls reminds standing stones inGöbekli Tepe archeological site.[53]
Imbros is mainly ofvolcanic origin and the highest mountain of the island İlyas Dağ, is an extinct cone-shapedstratovolcano.[54]
Imbros is situated directly south of theNorth Anatolian Fault, lying within theAnatolian Plate very close to the boundary between theAegean Sea andEurasian Plates. This fault zone, which runs from northeastern Anatolia to the northern Aegean Sea, has been responsible for several deadly earthquakes, including in Istanbul, Izmit and Imbros among others, and is a major threat to the island.
On the days of 20–21 August 1859, Imbros experienced some pre-earthquake tremors. The most catastrophic earthquake hit the island at 04:00 on the morning of the August 21, followed by a series of aftershocks—which were recorded to have had lasted until at least January 1860—the most severe of which were recorded at 16:15, 16:25, and 16:35 of the same day. The damage from these tremors was quite significant, as is evident in the descriptions provided from the newspaper,Αμάλθεια (Amalthea), andSchmidt. The publication,Αμάλθεια stated that:
"All the houses in the villages ofΠαναγία,Γλυκύ,Αγρίδια andΣχοινούδι ofΊμβρος collapsed or suffered cracks from the main earthquake and the three strong aftershocks that followed. The inhabitants remained on the streets and in the fields, without daring to approach the ruins, to get their furniture. Crying and mourning were heard everywhere. The first earthquake knocked down tiles and all the chimneys of the houses. After that the inhabitants left their homes. During the second earthquake, all the houses suffered cracks. The third earthquake caused the collapse of all houses, windmills, watermills, bakeries, and cafes, while churches were severely damaged, but did not collapse. The number of houses that fell was 1400. In various areas, cracks were observed in the ground, from which salt water gushed out, with fine sand. Massive rocks fell from the mountains. The villages of Αγίου Θεοδώρου suffered minor damage. Besides, in Samothrace, these earthquakes were also felt, but no damage was recorded. The same in Τένεδος. In Λήμνος on the contrary, some damage was caused, but it is not known how much. In Λήμνος, however, new sources appeared. InΊμβρος, the earthquakes continued until the 23rd of the month, but none of the residents were killed."
Schmidt writes that he derives his information about the earthquake mainly from a letter he received in January 1860, after the mediation ofProfessorΜητσόπουλου, from the deaconΒαρνάβαΚουτλουμουσιανό—an eyewitness to the earthquake. In this letter, it is mentioned that:
"It seems that there were no human losses, but in all areas of the island the destruction was great, as many houses and churches were destroyed. Some springs have disappeared, while others have appeared in areas that were previously dry. There were also cracks in the ground, from which mud with a strong sulphur odour came. The earthquake preceded a violent thunder from the north-east."
On 24 May 2014, Imbros was shaken by a strongearthquake with a magnitude of 6.9MW. 30 people were injured and numerous old houses were damaged, some of them irreparably. A major earthquake is expected to occur along this fault line in the near future.[55] Minor noticeable earthquakes are common.[56]
The island has aMediterranean climate with warm and dry summers, and wet and cool winters. Although summer is the driest season, some rainfall does occur in summer. Snow and ground frost are not uncommon in winter.
| Climate data for Gökçeada (1991–2020) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 9.8 (49.6) | 10.7 (51.3) | 13.3 (55.9) | 17.8 (64.0) | 23.2 (73.8) | 28.1 (82.6) | 30.6 (87.1) | 30.7 (87.3) | 26.1 (79.0) | 20.4 (68.7) | 15.6 (60.1) | 11.3 (52.3) | 19.8 (67.6) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 7.0 (44.6) | 7.4 (45.3) | 9.6 (49.3) | 13.5 (56.3) | 18.3 (64.9) | 22.9 (73.2) | 25.3 (77.5) | 25.4 (77.7) | 21.4 (70.5) | 16.7 (62.1) | 12.5 (54.5) | 8.6 (47.5) | 15.7 (60.3) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 4.4 (39.9) | 4.7 (40.5) | 6.6 (43.9) | 9.9 (49.8) | 14.2 (57.6) | 18.4 (65.1) | 20.8 (69.4) | 21.2 (70.2) | 17.8 (64.0) | 13.8 (56.8) | 9.9 (49.8) | 6.2 (43.2) | 12.4 (54.3) |
| Averageprecipitation mm (inches) | 109.28 (4.30) | 88.03 (3.47) | 88.02 (3.47) | 55.04 (2.17) | 36.66 (1.44) | 23.45 (0.92) | 14.29 (0.56) | 8.46 (0.33) | 33.33 (1.31) | 73.37 (2.89) | 99.35 (3.91) | 121.88 (4.80) | 751.16 (29.57) |
| Average precipitation days(≥ 1.0 mm) | 7.2 | 7.3 | 6.8 | 5.8 | 4.2 | 2.5 | 2.2 | 1.8 | 3.3 | 4.9 | 6.6 | 9.6 | 62.2 |
| Averagerelative humidity (%) | 79.4 | 77.2 | 74.2 | 68.9 | 66.9 | 62.5 | 59.9 | 61.3 | 65.0 | 73.4 | 77.9 | 79.6 | 70.5 |
| Source:NOAA[57] | |||||||||||||
Most of the settlements on Imbros were given Turkish names in 1926.
Gökçeada is one of the eight "cittaslows" of Turkey and is the second in being accepted as one, afterSeferihisar.[58]
This ancient native breed of sheep is named after the island where it was established. The sheep is suitable for milk and meat. Outside the island, it is still farmed in Çanakkale.[60][61][62]
Water from the Black and Marmara Seas mixing with the warmer saltier water of the Aegean Sea supports a rich marine ecosystem.[63]
Offshore[64] wind power may be developed in future. At the moment, there are some wind turbines generating energy on the island.
Environmental issues include litter.
Swordfish are caught in season.[63]
The island was primarily inhabited by ethnicGreeks from ancient times through to approximately the 1960s. Data dating from 1922 taken under Greek rule and 1927 data taken under Turkish rule showed a strong majority of Greek inhabitants on Imbros, and theGreek Orthodox Church had a strong presence on the island.[3] The Turkish census of 1927 states that the island's population was almost exclusively Greek Orthodox and numbered 6,762 (with Turks accounting only 157).[48]
Article 14 of theTreaty of Lausanne (1923) exempted Imbros and Tenedos from the large-scalepopulation exchange that took place between Greece and Turkey, and required Turkey to accommodate the local Greek majority and their rights:
The islands of Imbros and Tenedos, remaining under Turkish sovereignty, shall enjoy a special administrative organisation composed of local elements and furnishing every guarantee for the native non-Moslem population insofar as concerns local administration and the protection of persons and property. The maintenance of order will be assured therein by a police force recruited from amongst the local population by the local administration above provided for and placed under its orders.
However, the treaty provisions relating to administrative autonomy for Imbros and protections of minority populations was never implemented by the Turkish government."[65] The result was a significant decline in the Greek population of the island.[65]
A diaspora of approximately 15,000 Imbriots based mostly in Greece maintains strong links to the island.[8] However, large populations of Imbriots reside in Australia, South Africa, Turkey, Egypt, the Americas, and Western Europe.
The following grievances apply particularly to Imbros:
Discrimination against the island's Greek population as well as geopolitical tensions have led to the Greeks emigrating from both islands, the peak of this exodus occurring in 1974, when Turkeyinvaded Cyprus.[7] According to 1927 Population Census, Imbros population was 6,555 Greeks, and 157 Turks; in contrast at the 2000 Population Census the Greeks had become a minority on the island.[44] In 2000, there were around 400 Greeks, while there were around 8000 Turks.[51] Most of the former Greeks of Imbros and Tenedos are indiaspora in Greece, the United States, and Australia.[71]
In September 2015, a Greek school on Imbros was reopened after 51 years of prohibition of Greek education. As of 2015[update], there were 14 students, only one of whom was born on the island, the rest from diaspora families that returned to the island.[8] In addition, a member of the Greek community is serving on the Imbros municipal police force as of 2015[update].[8]
By 2019, the Greek population of the island had increased to 400, mainly due to increasing numbers of returnees from the diaspora.[72] There are now 3 Greek schools with 53 students.[73]
| Town and villages[74][75] | 1893[76][77] | 1927 | 1970 | 1975 | 1980 | 1985 | 1990 | 1997 | 2000 | 2018 | ||||||||||
| Çınarlı(Παναγιά/Panagiá) | - | - | - | - | 3578 | 615 | 3806 | 342 | 4251 | 216 | 767 | 70 | 721 | 40 | 553 | 26 | 503 | 29 | 490 | 41 |
| Bademli(Γλυκύ/Glyký) | - | - | - | - | 66 | 144 | 1 | 57 | 40 | 1 | 13 | 34 | 29 | 22 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 13 | 11 | 17 |
| Dereköy(Σχοινούδι/Schoinoúdi) | - | - | - | - | 73 | 672 | 391 | 378 | 319 | 214 | 380 | 106 | 99 | 68 | 82 | 40 | 68 | 42 | 63 | 50 |
| Eşelek | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 152 | - | 170 | - |
| Fatih | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 3962 | 45 | 4284 | 32 | 4135 | 21 | 4180 | 25 | 4300 | 32 |
| Kaleköy(Κάστρο/Kástro) | - | - | - | - | 38 | 36 | 24 | - | - | 128 | 94 | - | 105 | - | 90 | - | 89 | - | 84 | - |
| Şahinkaya | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 168 | - | 107 | - | 86 | - | 95 | - |
| Şirinköy | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 189 | - | 200 | - |
| Tepeköy, Gökçeada(Αγρίδια/Agrídia) | - | - | - | - | 3 | 504 | 4 | 273 | 2 | 193 | 1 | 110 | 75 | 2 | 2 | 39 | 2 | 42 | 25 | 140 |
| Uğurlu (Λιβούνια / Livoúnia) | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 460 | - | 490 | - | 466 | - | 401 | - | 420 | - |
| Yenibademli | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 416 | - | 660 | - | 628 | - | 581 | - | 595 | - |
| Yenimahalle(Ευλάμπιον/Evlámpion) | - | - | - | - | 182 | 143 | 162 | 121 | 231 | 81 | 359 | 59 | 970 | 27 | 2240 | 25 | 2362 | 27 | 2600 | 30 |
| Zeytinliköy(Άγιοι Θεόδωροι/Ágioi Theódoroi) | - | - | - | - | 30 | 507 | 15 | 369 | 36 | 235 | 72 | 162 | 25 | 130 | 12 | 82 | 12 | 76 | 25 | 110 |
| TOTAL | 99 | 9,357 | 157 | 6555 | 3970 | 2621 | 4403 | 1540 | 4879 | 1068 | 6524 | 586 | 7626 | 321 | 8330 | 248 | 8640 | 226 | 8983 | 420 |
A Turkish documentary of 2013,Rüzgarlar (Winds), bySelim Evci, is focused on the discriminatory government policies of the 1960s against the Greek population.[78]
Another Turkish film,My Grandfather's People, is based on thepopulation exchange between Turkey and Greece in 1923. Among other places, some scenes were filmed in Imbros.[79]
Smith, William, ed. (1854–1857). "Imbros".Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography. London: John Murray.
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