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Ilorin | |
|---|---|
Metropolis | |
 Ahmadu Bello Way in Ilorin | |
| Nickname: Il-City | |
  Ilorin Location in Nigeria | |
| Coordinates:8°30′N4°33′E / 8.500°N 4.550°E /8.500; 4.550 | |
| Country |  Nigeria |
| State | Kwara |
| LGA(s) | Ilorin East Ilorin South Ilorin West |
| Area | |
• Metropolis | 765 km2 (295 sq mi) |
| Population (2006 census) | |
• Metropolis | 777,667 |
• Estimate (2011) | 908,490[1] |
| • Rank | 7th |
| • Density | 1,188/km2 (3,080/sq mi) |
| • Metro | 1.5 million (estimate) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (WAT) |
| Postal code | 240001 |
| Climate | Aw |
Ilorin (listenⓘ) is thecapital city ofKwara State located in the Western region ofNigeria.[2] Although Ilorin is classified under theNorth-Central geopolitical zone, the city is considered a Yoruba city by all historical and sociological standards.[3] As of the 2006 census, it had a population of 777,667, making it the7th largest city by population in Nigeria.[4]
Ilorin was founded by theYoruba, one of the three largestethnic groups in Nigeria, in the late 18th century. It became a provincial military headquarters within theOyo Empire until 1817, when the localKakanfo (field marshal) namedAfonja rebelled, supported by theHausaShehu Alimi, anitinerantIslamic preacher and teacher.[5] Their alliance eventually broke down over the Muslims' increasing power and Afonja's refusal to convert, and he was eventually assassinated. Alimi's sonAbd al-Salam pledged allegiance to theSokoto Caliphate in 1823.[6] TheOyo Empire and itsBorgawa allies marched againstIlorin circa 1835, trying to reclaim its former glory, but weredecisively defeated; this marked the end of Oyo.[7] Abd al-Salam led the jihad toward the sea but was ultimately stopped atOshogbo in 1840 by the army ofIbadan.[5][6]
Throughout the 19th century, Ilorin served as a major trade node between the Hausa and the Yoruba.[8] It strongly resisted British rule, but was occupied by theRoyal Niger Company in 1897 and its lands were incorporated into theBritishNorthern Nigeria Protectorate in 1900.[5] With the subdivision of the country’s administrative regions in 1967, Ilorin became part of West Central (later Kwara) state.[5]
The city retains a strongIslamic influence, althoughChristianity is now widely practised in thecosmopolitan part of the city due to the significantimmigration of people from other parts ofKwara State and the rest ofNigeria.[9]
Modern Ilorin is mainly inhabited by the Yoruba people, although its traditional ruler has a Fulani heritage.[10]
Ilorin has an 18,000-capacity stadium and two professionalfootball teams;Kwara United F.C. playing in the top-tier league ofNigeria Professional Football League (N.P.F.L) which is run by the League Management Company; andABS FC in the second division which isBet9jaNigeria National league.[11]
The city has the only standardbaseball field inWest Africa. It has also hosted several nationalhandball competitions.[12]
Thepolitical economy ofKwara State can be traced to 1967 when it was created.[13] Since then the state has undergone various developmental efforts, mostly initiated by thefederal government given the nature of the Nigerian state, a centralized federal system where development policies and programmes originate from the centre.[14]
The state has a large area of richagricultural land. Thelimestone anddolomite of Oreke,kaolin andclay at Idofian near Ilorin and other parts of the state, pure gold inKaiama and thePatigi area, and the highly exportable richtantalite deposit of Iporin make Kwara State rich inprimary resources.
Initially, Kwara State had only a few major industrial companies, Global Soap (not more in operation), Detergent IndustriesNigeria Limited and the International Tobacco Company. Successive administrations have attempted to attract industrialists to the state.[15]
With such efforts, Ilorin has become the hub forcashew processing inNigeria andOlam International has set up Africa's biggest cashew processing plant. The plant processes 100MT of cashews every day and provides employment to over 2000 workers.[16]
Recently established industries includeDangote Flour Mills, Tuyil Pharmaceutical company,[14] KAMWIL,Golden Confectionate Food Industries, Chellaram Motor-Cycle Assembly plants, andRajrab Pharmaceuticals.[17][18][19]
Ilorin has atropical savanna climate (Köppen climate classificationAw). It has an annual rainfall which can range between 990.3 and 1,318 millimetres (39 and 52 in). The city has maximum temperatures varying between 33 and 37 °C or 91.4 and 98.6 °F, with the third month of the year, March, being the hottest.[20] The minimum and maximum temperature, and also therelative humidity have increased between 1978 and 2017. The wind that blows is typically from points between southeast and northeast.[21]
| Climate data for Ilorin (1991–2020) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 34.0 (93.2) | 35.8 (96.4) | 36.1 (97.0) | 34.4 (93.9) | 32.4 (90.3) | 30.8 (87.4) | 29.3 (84.7) | 28.7 (83.7) | 29.7 (85.5) | 31.4 (88.5) | 33.8 (92.8) | 34.1 (93.4) | 32.5 (90.5) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 26.0 (78.8) | 28.1 (82.6) | 28.3 (82.9) | 28.1 (82.6) | 27.0 (80.6) | 25.5 (77.9) | 24.5 (76.1) | 24.5 (76.1) | 24.6 (76.3) | 25.6 (78.1) | 26.2 (79.2) | 25.7 (78.3) | 26.2 (79.2) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 19.7 (67.5) | 22.3 (72.1) | 23.7 (74.7) | 23.6 (74.5) | 22.8 (73.0) | 22.1 (71.8) | 21.8 (71.2) | 21.4 (70.5) | 21.5 (70.7) | 21.7 (71.1) | 21.3 (70.3) | 19.4 (66.9) | 21.8 (71.2) |
| Averageprecipitation mm (inches) | 5.7 (0.22) | 8.5 (0.33) | 42.0 (1.65) | 110.0 (4.33) | 194.9 (7.67) | 202.7 (7.98) | 175.7 (6.92) | 169.2 (6.66) | 297.3 (11.70) | 176.3 (6.94) | 13.9 (0.55) | 5.5 (0.22) | 1,401.7 (55.19) |
| Average precipitation days(≥ 1.0 mm) | 0.4 | 0.7 | 2.6 | 6.3 | 10.7 | 11.6 | 10.7 | 9.2 | 16.0 | 10.3 | 0.9 | 0.4 | 79.7 |
| Averagerelative humidity (%) | 55.2 | 57.1 | 67.8 | 76.8 | 81.6 | 84.7 | 86.2 | 86.8 | 86.7 | 84.0 | 71.9 | 59.9 | 74.9 |
| Mean monthlysunshine hours | 210.8 | 210.0 | 217.0 | 204.0 | 220.1 | 189.0 | 136.4 | 117.8 | 132.0 | 195.3 | 222.0 | 226.3 | 2,280.7 |
| Mean dailysunshine hours | 6.8 | 7.5 | 7.0 | 6.8 | 7.1 | 6.3 | 4.4 | 3.8 | 4.4 | 6.3 | 7.4 | 7.3 | 6.3 |
| Source:NOAA (mean temperature, sunshine 1961–1990)[22][23] | |||||||||||||
Ilorin operates a relatively well-developed intra-citypublic transport system, and the major roads within the metropolis are well constructed.
There are three different modes of available transit from one place to another in the city – the most popular being the conventional taxis.Car-hire services are also available in major hotels. Furthermore, there are commercial motorbikes, commonly called "Okada". A more recent arrival on Ilorin's roads are commercial tricycles, popularly called "Keke NAPEP" or "Keke" or "Keke Maruwa", some of which are given on loan to beneficiaries of theNational Poverty Eradication Programme. Ilorin taxis are painted yellow and green.
Ilorin's central location makes it easily accessible to all parts of the country byair,road andrail. The state has a good network of roads, rail and air transportation facilities linking it with Nigeria's other industrial and commercial centres. Transportation is quite affordable in Ilorin for movement from one place to another for as low as one hundrednaira.
There are scheduled daily commercial flights to and fromIlorin International Airport byArik Air andOverland Airways. The now defunctCapital Airlines also operated from Ilorin. Current destinations include all of the major cities in Nigeria. The airport has also been re-designed and equipped as an international cargo airport.
Ilorin offers reliable road transport services toLagos,Ogun,Osun,Ondo,Oyo,Ekiti,Kogi,Niger,Kaduna andPlateau States. Similar services are available to and fromOnitsha,Port Harcourt,Abuja,Aba and others.
A majorexpressway toIbadan, numbered E1, is currently under construction by P.W. International. Ilorin is served by the railway and highway from Lagos (160 miles south-southwest), via Ibadan, which intersect in the city, and it has an international airport.
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The city is a confluence of cultures, populated by theYoruba,Fulani,Nupe,Bariba,Kanuri,Igbo andHausa ethnicities across Nigeria, as well as foreign and nationals. There are large Christian and Islamic populations, and many ceremonial activities, mostly with religious aspects, take place in the city throughout the year.
The city has a host of ancient and modern churches with moderate to large congregations, such as theCatholic Church,Cherubim and Seraphim churches, Anglican, Methodist,Celestial Church of Christ,Evangelical Church Winning All (ECWA), Emmanuel Baptist Church, First Baptist Church, and Zion Baptist church. Notable Pentecostal churches includeRedeemed Christian Church of God,The Gospel Faith Mission International (Gofamint),Deeper Life Church, andLiving Faith Church.Seventh-day Adventists are also represented. Most Christian churches in the state started schools and introduced innovative ideas that were readily adopted by the Muslim schools.[24]
There has been aLatter-day Saint congregation in Ilorin since 1992. In that year an LDS mission was organized in the city that year, but shortly later merged with the one inEnugu. Starting in 2016 additional LDS congregations were organized in Ilorin, which in 2018 was transferred to the new Nigerian Ibadan Mission, and had a district organized.[25]
The first Ilorin central mosque was founded in 1820 in the Agbarere Area, popularly known as "Ile-Elewa", under the leadership of Sheik Imam Muhammad Munab'bau. This was followed in 1835 when another central mosque was built at Idi-Ape during the reign of the first Emir of Ilorin, Abdus-salam. However, more than a century later, this central mosque could no longer cope with the growth in the Muslim population of the city. For this reason, in 1974, the ninth Emir of Ilorin, Alhaji Zulkarnaini Gambari, invited Grand Mufti Alhaji Mohammed Kamal-u-deen and the then present Wazirin Ngeri of Ilorin, Abubakar Sola Saraki, to co-ordinate the fundraising and construction of a new central mosque.
On 30 April 1977, the foundation was laid for the new mosque by the Emir ofGwandu on behalf of the Sarki Musulmi, Sultan Abubakar III. The new Ilorin Central Mosque was completed and officially opened in 1981 by the former president AlhajiShehu Shagari. The Mosque was renovated, rehabilitated and expanded in 2012 with a majestic view. The newly redecorated mosque was recommissioned on 14 December 2012.
Planning for the rehabilitation, refurbishment and redecoration of the Central Mosque started in 2007 when Alhaji Ibrahim Zulu Gambari, CFR, the eleventh Emir of Ilorin, with assistance from Abubakar Bukola Saraki, the Turaki of Ilorin, and the former Governor ofKwara State, set up a technical committee headed by Alhaji Shehu Abdul-gafar on the rehabilitation and enhancement of the central mosque. The committee has invited expertise from specialists in mosque construction from around the world, especially fromSaudi Arabia, theUnited Arab Emirates, andNigeria.
In addition to the general restoration and enhancement of the mosque, it now has a total of 99 domes of different diameters, 75 feet above the floor. The large dome is made of gold finish while the four big domes around are coated in green with reflective illumination. The mosque form is enveloped within a pyramid shape with a square base and 45 inclinations for the faces. It has four accessible minarets, each standing at a height of 150 feet. Moreover, all the dilapidated domes and minarets with mosaic finishing were restored and finished with cut-to-size marble. The exterior and interior are covered by special marble while the expanded courtyard was constructed with heat-absorbing granite (marble) finish. The doors and windows were replaced with specially designed ones befitting the new mosque concept.
The city also has a range of tourist attractions such as the SobiHill which is said to have offered protection to natives during intertribal wars in ancient times.
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TheOkuta Ilorin is located in Asaju's compound, Idi-Ape Quarters. It is the stone on which Ojo Isekuse, one of the founders of the city, used to sharpen his metal tools.[26]
It was actually called "Okuta ilo irin" (meaning stone for sharpening metals). It is from this tool, the town Ilorin derived its name. The stone was a deified object of worship and sacrifice offerings in the past.
Pottery is a big business in Ilorin.
The city has the biggest traditional pottery workshops in Nigeria. They are located in the Dada area of Okelele, Eletu in Oju-Ekun, Okekura, Oloje, Abe Emi and Ita Merin.[27]
The traditionaltextile industry also thrives in Ilorin. In various parts of the city, aso-oke, textiles hand-woven on simplelooms, are made in large quantities.
Aso-oke is purchased by traders and fashion designers from Kwara State, other parts of Nigeria and abroad.
The cultural center houses the Kwara State Council for Arts and Culture, its performing troupe, and a gallery withartworks andantiquities.Souvenirs of cultural and historical values are also available.
Metropolitan Park, a recreational park, is located on Unity Road. TheKwara State Stadium Complex has an Olympic-sizedswimming pool with facilities for diving.
A purpose-built baseball park is located in the Adewole area of the city.
TheEsie Museum is of major importance to the Nigeria's many cultures.
In Ilorin City, on 18 September 2019, a flood caused by a heavy downpour ruined valuables worth millions of naira. According to information obtained byThe Nigerian Tribune, inhabitants of the state capital experienced great difficulty and losses as a result of the deluge, which began at 5:00pm and lasted until about 9:00pm.
Additionally, it was learned that many residents of the impacted buildings along Obbo and Unity roads in Ilorin remained inside until 19 September 2019 afternoon because they were unable to leave the water that had engulfed their structures.[28]
Ilorin, a capital city in Kwara State is taken over by heaps of refuse in major streets. This is as a result of Kwara State Waste Management inability to evacuate garbage bins. The bins, stationed at designated points across the city, were full to the brim, thereby forcing residents to dump refuse by the roadside and walkways. The health implication as failure to evacuate the refuse could provoke an outbreak of diseases as a result of abandoned refuse containers by the roadside until they emitted stinking odour into the atmosphere, causing serious discomfort to the residents.[29]
Ilorin is home to two universities, theUniversity of Ilorin, popularly known as Unilorin, andAl-Hikmah University Ilorin. The Federal Agricultural and Rural Management Training Institute, which operates a research farm, is also located near the city. Teacher-training colleges and a vocational trade school also serve Ilorin. Health services include a number of government, private, and religious hospitals and a nursing home for the elderly.
It is also home to the following educational institutions:
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State capital:Ilorin | ||
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