Before the introduction of the euro, the currenteurozone members issued their own individual national coinage, most of which featuredmint marks, privy marks and/ormint master marks. These marks have been continued as a part of the national designs of the euro coins, as well. This article serves to list the information about the various types ofidentifying marks on euro coins, including engraver and designer initials and the unique edge inscriptions found on the €2 coins.
Since the euro was officially introduced in 1999, most of the EMU member countries began producing their coins ahead of the 2002 introduction date. There is individual national legislation in place which governs the mintage of coins issued from each country. These coinage acts regulate the coin production parameters for each country.
The coinage acts of countries with a mintage date stipulation specify that the year the coin is minted, regardless of when the coins are issued, should appear on each coin. Belgium, Finland, France, the Netherlands and Spain have mintage date stipulations.
The coinage acts of countries with an issue date stipulation specify that the year the coin is issued, regardless of when the coins are minted, should appear on each coin. Austria, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Portugal, San Marino and the Vatican City have issue date stipulations.
Since the euro was first issued in 2002, the countries which have an issue date stipulation are all dated 2002 onward, even though these coins were minted in previous years to prepare for the adoption of the euro. As a result, there are no euro coins dated 1999, 2000 and 2001 issued from countries with an issue date stipulation.
Luxembourg has no domestic mint, so their coins are minted elsewhere. Regardless of the mintage location of these coins, the issue date stipulation in their coinage act must be followed by whichever country mints their coins and the date stamp is therefore applied accordingly.
Since Monaco, San Marino and the Vatican City do not have their own coinage acts, the date stamp is applied in accordance with the coinage act of whichever country mints these coins. France produces the euro coins for Monaco and follows the mintage date stipulation; it began minting Monégasque euro coins only in 2001, since the mintage quantities were so low. Sammarinese and Vatican euro coins are minted in Italy and follow the issue date stipulation.
As per a recommendation defined by theEconomic and Financial Affairs Council of the European Union,[1] the national designs of each member's euro coin should contain anational identification in the form of spelling or abbreviation of the country's name. Of the fifteen members of the Eurozone at the time these recommendations were made, five national designs—those of Austria, Belgium, Finland, Germany and Greece—did not meet the criteria outlined. Of these five, two (Finland in 2007 and Belgium in 2008) have changed or amended their design to follow these recommendations, and the other three are expected to follow suit in the coming years.
| Country | Type | Description | Image |
|---|---|---|---|
| Andorra | Text | ANDORRA | |
| Austria | Text | REPUBLIK ÖSTERREICH (only on commemorative €2 issues since 2007) | |
| Symbol | Flag of Austria. Thered is indicated by verticalhatching, as is traditionally done inheraldic illustration. |  | |
| Belgium[2] | Text | BELGIE-BELGIQUE-BELGIEN | |
| Symbol | Monogram ofKing Albert II |  | |
| Symbol | Monogram ofKing Philippe | ||
| Abbreviation | B (€2 commemorative coin 2006) | ||
| Abbreviation | BE (België/Belgique/Belgien inDutch,French andGerman)[3] | ||
| Croatia | Text | HRVATSKA | |
| Symbol | Croatian checkerboard | ||
| Cyprus | Text | ΚΥΠΡΟΣ/KIBRIS (in bothGreek andTurkish) | |
| Estonia | Text | EESTI (Estonia) | |
| Finland | Abbreviation | FI (Finland)[4] | |
| France | Text | RÉPUBLIQUE FRANÇAISE (French Republic inFrench) |  |
| Abbreviation | stylised RF (République française) | ||
| Germany | Text | BUNDESREPUBLIK DEUTSCHLAND (Federal Republic of Germany inGerman) (only on commemorative €2 issues until 2009 and commemorative €2 commonly issued coins until 2015) | |
| Abbreviation | D (only on commemorative €2 issues since 2010 (except commemorative €2 commonly issued coins from 2012 and 2015), not to be confused with Munich mint mark "D" on standard-issue designs of all denominations) | ||
| Symbol | Depiction of theBundesadler (Federal Eagle) (only on standard-issue €1 and €2 designs) | ||
| Greece[5] | Text | ΕΥΡΩΠΗ (EUROPA) 2 EYPΩ (Euro) |  |
| Edge Lettering | ΕΛΛΗΝΙΚΗ ΔΗΜΟΚΡΑΤΙΑ (Hellenic Republic inGreek) (only on commemorative €2 issues since 2007) | ||
| Ireland | Text / Symbol | éire (inGaelic type) | Harp |
| Italy | Text | REPUBBLICA ITALIANA (Italian Republic inItalian) |  |
| Abbreviation | stylised RI (Repubblica Italiana) | ||
| Latvia | Text | LATVIJA | |
| Symbol | LV (€2 commemorative coin 2014-2015) | ||
| Lithuania | Text | LIETUVA | |
| Luxembourg | Text | LËTZEBUERG (Luxembourg inLuxembourgish) | |
| Text | LUXEMBOURG (Luxembourg inFrench) | ||
| Symbol | monogram of Grand Duke Henri (€2 commemorative coin 2005) | ||
| Symbol | lion (€2 commemorative coin 2018 and onwards) | ||
| Malta | Text | MALTA | |
| Monaco | Text | MONACO | |
| Netherlands | Text | WILLEM-ALEXANDER KONING DER NEDERLANDEN (Willem Alexander, King of the Netherlands) | |
| Text | BEATRIX KONINGIN DER NEDERLANDEN (Beatrix, Queen of the Netherlands) | ||
| Text | NEDERLAND (€2 commemorative coin 2009, 2012, 2015) | ||
| Text | KONINKRIJK DER NEDERLANDEN (€2 commemorative coin 2007) | ||
| Portugal | Text | PORTUGAL | |
| San Marino | Text | SAN MARINO | |
| Slovakia | Text | SLOVENSKO | |
| Slovenia | Text | SLOVENIJA | |
| Spain | Text | ESPAÑA |  |
| Vatican City | Text | CITTÀ DEL VATICANO (Vatican City) |
The use ofmint marks on euro coins takes one of these three forms:
| Country | Mint location | Mint mark | Mint mark description | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Belgium (2005-2017) | Brussels |  | Head of archangelSt. Michael, patron saint ofBrussels. | Prior to 2008, Belgian mark had only been used on commemorative issues. Since 2008, the mark is used on both standard issue and commemorative issue coins. |
| Belgium (2018–present) | Utrecht, Netherlands |  | Mercury's wand, the logo of theKoninklijke Nederlandse Munt (Royal Dutch Mint) | |
| Finland | Vantaa |  [4] | Logo of theRahapaja Oy mint | TheCornucopian logo was used until 2010. Since 2011, the logo is aheraldic lion. |
| France | Pessac |  | Cornucopia,Different of the Monnaie de Paris[6] | |
| Germany | German Euro coins are minted at 5 locations in Germany | A,D,F,G,J | Letters | A forBerlin, D forMunich, F forStuttgart, G forKarlsruhe, J forHamburg, while B, C, E and H used to be mint locations that had been closed prior to the introduction of the euro. |
| Greece (2002) | Madrid, Spain Pessac, France Vantaa, Finland Athens | E (20c), F (1c, 2c, 5c, 10c and 50c), S[7] (€1 and €2) | Letters | E for Spain (España), F for France, S for Finland (Suomi). The initial supply of Greek euro coins were produced at three locations, in addition to the Athens mint, due to their late entry into the European Monetary Union (EMU) just before the introduction date on 1 January 2002; only certain denominations of Greek coins with the date stamp of "2002" have these mint marks. Greek euro coins dated 2002 without these mint marks were produced in Athens, Greece. All Greek euro coins bear the standard Greek mint mark symbol of the Athens mint. |
| Greece (2002–present) | Athens |  | Stylisedacanthus leaf | |
| Italy | Rome | R | Letter | |
| Lithuania | Vilnius |  | Lietuvos monetų kalykla (Lithuanian Mint House, LMK) logo | |
| Luxembourg (2002–2004) | Utrecht, Netherlands | | Mercury's wand, the logo of theKoninklijke Nederlandse Munt (Royal Dutch Mint) | |
| Luxembourg (2005–2006) | Vantaa, Finland | S,[7] | Letter, logo of the(Suomen)Rahapaja Oy mint | |
| Luxembourg (2007–2008) | Pessac, France | F, | Letter, Cornucopia,Different of the Monnaie de Paris[6] | |
| Luxembourg (2009–present) | Utrecht, Netherlands | | Mercury's wand, the logo of theKoninklijke Nederlandse Munt (Royal Dutch Mint) | |
| Malta (2008, 2016–present) | Paris, France | F | Letter | |
| Malta (2009) | Utrecht, Netherlands | | Mercury's wand, the logo of theKoninklijke Nederlandse Munt (Royal Dutch Mint) | There were no standard issue coins in 2009, only one commemorative coin. |
| Monaco | Pessac, France | | Cornucopia,Different of theMonnaie de Paris[6] (Paris Mint) | |
| Netherlands | Utrecht | | Mercury's wand, the logo of theKoninklijke Nederlandse Munt (Royal Dutch Mint) | |
| Poland | Warsaw |  | Mennica Polska (Polish Mint) logo | Poland is not yet part of theEurozone. When the euro is introduced, this is the mintmark which will be used. The Polish Mint logo is the letter M on top of the letter W and comes fromMennica Warszawa or Warsaw Mint |
| Portugal (2007–present) | Lisbon | INCM | Imprensa Nacional – Casa de Moeda (National Currency – Mint House) abbreviation | |
| Portugal (2020–present) | Lisbon | CASA DA MOEDA | Mint House text | This mark is only been used on commemorative issues. |
| San Marino | Rome, Italy | R | Letter | |
| Slovakia | Kremnica |  | Mincovňa Kremnica (Kremnican Mint, MK) logo | |
| Slovenia (2007) | Vantaa, Finland | Fi[7] | Abbreviation | |
| Slovenia (2008) | Utrecht, Netherlands | | Mercury's wand, the logo of theKoninklijke Nederlandse Munt (Royal Dutch Mint) | |
| Spain | Madrid |  | Fábrica Nacional de Moneda y Timbre (National Factory of Currency and Stamps) logo | |
| Vatican | Rome, Italy | R | Letter |
Mint master marks orprivy marks are symbols representing directors, chief engravers or chief executive officers of mints.
The directors of theMonnaie Royale de Belgique/Koninklijke Munt van België (Royal Belgian Mint) in Brussels uses mint master's marks on all€2 commemorative coins and on all Belgian euro coins with a datestamp from 2008 onwards minted at this location.
| Mark | Mark description | Name of mint master | Coin dates |
|---|---|---|---|
 | Scale | Romain Coenen | 1999–2009 (€2 commemorative coins) 2008–2009 (standard issue euro coins) |
| [8] | Quill | Serge Lesens | 2009-2012 (€2 commemorative coins) 2010–2012 (standard issue euro coins) |
| [9] | Cat | Bernard Gillard | 2012-2016 (Commemorative coins) 2013-2016 (standard issue euro coins) |
| [10] | Coat of arms ofHerzele | Ingrid van Herzele | 2017–2022 |
| [11] | Aster andErlenmeyer flask | Giovanni Van de Velde | 2023–present |
The director of theRahapaja Oy (Mint of Finland, LTD.) mint in Helsinki-Vantaa used a mint master's mark on Finnish euro coins minted at this location with the date stamp between 1999 and 2006.
| Mark | Mark description | Name of mint master | Coin dates |
|---|---|---|---|
| M | Letter | Raimo Makkonen | 1999–2006 |
The directors ofMonnaie de Paris in Pessac use mint master's marks on all French euro coins minted at this location.
| Mark | Mark description | Name of mint master | Coin dates |
|---|---|---|---|
 | Bee | Pierre Rodier | 1999–2000 |
 | Horseshoe | Gérard Buquoy | 2001–2002 |
 | Stylised heart with the initials of the mint master | Serge Levet | 2003 |
 [6] | Hunting horn, a wave and a fish | Hubert Larivière | 2004–2010 |
| [12] | Pentagon with letters AG, MP and YS | Yves Sampo | 2011–2020 |
| [13] | Square with letters JJ | Joaquin Jimenez | 2021–present |
Luxembourg euro coins dated 2002 were minted in the Netherlands in 2000 and thus bear the mint master mark ofE. J. van Schauwenburg, Temporary Director of the Utrecht Mint during the year of coin production. The Coinage Act of Luxembourg stipulates that national coins cannot have a date stamp prior to the year of issue. Therefore, Luxembourg euro coins bear the mint master mark of the Temporary Director at the time of minting, despite the date on the coins.
Coins dated 2003–2004 bear the mint master mark ofMaarten Brouwer, Director of the Utrecht Mint from 2003–2015.Luxembourgish euro coins dated 2005–2006 were produced atRahapaja Oy (Mint of Finland), in Helsinki-Vantaa, Finland. Since the mint director does not affix a mint master mark to coins in production at that location, these coins do not bear a mint master mark but anS[7] and the logo of the 'Suomen Rahapaja' instead.
Luxembourg euro coins dated 2007-2008 were produced atMonnaie de Paris, in Pessac, France and bear the mint master mark ofHubert Larivière, Director of the Paris Mint.
As of 2009, coins are again minted at the Royal Dutch Mint in Utrecht, the Netherlands. Until 2015 it was again the mint master mark ofMaarten Brouwer. From 2016-2017Kees Bruinsma was the Temporary Director of the Utrecht Mint.
| Mark | Mark description | Name of mint master | Coin dates |
|---|---|---|---|
 | Bow and arrow with a star[14] | E. J. van Schauwenburg | 2002 |
 | Sailboat | Maarten Brouwer | 2003–2004 |
| [6] | Hunting horn, a wave and a fish | Hubert Larivière | 2007–2008 |
| Sailboat | Maarten Brouwer | 2009–2015 |
| Sailboat with a star[14] | Kees Bruinsma | 2016–2017 | |
| [15] | St. Servatius Bridge | Stephan Satijn | 2017–2021 |
| Raven | Bert van Ravenswaaij | 2022–present |
Monegasque euro coins are produced byMonnaie de Paris, in Pessac, France beginning in 2001 and thus bear the mint master mark ofGérard Buquoy,Serge Levet,Hubert Larivière andYves Sampo Directors of the Mint from 2001–2002, 2003, 2004–2010 and 2011–present respectively.
| Mark | Mark description | Name of mint master | Coin dates |
|---|---|---|---|
| Horseshoe | Gérard Buquoy | 2001–2002 |
| Stylised heart with the initials of the mint master | Serge Levet | 2003 |
| [6] | Hunting horn, a wave and a fish | Hubert Larivière | 2004–2010[16] |
| [12] | Pentagon with letters AG, MP and YS | Yves Sampo | 2011–2020 |
| Square with letters JJ | Joaquin Jimenez | 2021–present |
The mint masters of theKoninklijke Nederlandse Munt (Royal Dutch Mint) in Utrecht use mint master's marks on all Dutch euro coins minted at this location.[17]
| Mark | Mark description | Name of mint master | Coin dates |
|---|---|---|---|
 | Bow and arrow | Drs. Chr. van Draanen | 1999 |
| Bow and arrow with a star[14] | E. J. van Schauwenburg | 2000 |
 | Vine branch and fruits | R. Bruens | 2001 |
 | Vine branch and fruits with a star[14] | Maarten Brouwer | 2002 |
| Sailboat | Maarten Brouwer | 2003–2015 |
| Sailboat with a star[14] | Kees Bruinsma | 2016–2017 | |
| [18] | St. Servatius Bridge | Stephan Satijn | 2017–present |
Slovenian euro coins dated 2008 were produced atKoninklijke Nederlandse Munt in Utrecht, the Netherlands, and bear the mint master mark ofMaarten Brouwer, director of the Royal Dutch Mint from 2003 until 2015.
| Mark | Mark description | Name of mint master | Coin dates |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sailboat | Maarten Brouwer | 2008 |
Each country had the opportunity to design its own national side of the euro coin. Most coins bear the initials or the name of the designer somewhere in the national design. For example, all eight motives of the common reverse sides of the euro coins bear the stylised initials "LL" forLuc Luycx.
| Euro coin denomination | Inscription image | Inscription text | Name | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| France | ||||
| 1, 2, 5 cent |  | F. COURTIADE | Fabienne Courtiade | designer |
| 10, 20, 50 cent |  [19] | L. JORIO d'ap. O.ROTY | Laurent Jorio,Oscar Roty[20] | designer |
| 1, 2 euro |  | J. JIMENEZ | Joaquim Jimenez | designer |
| Greece | ||||
| All denominations |  | ΓΣ (stylised) | Georges Stamatopoulos | designer |
| Italy | ||||
| 1 cent |  | ED (stylised) | Eugenio Driutti | engraver |
| 2 cent |  | LDS (stylised) | Luciana De Simoni | engraver |
| 5 cent |  | ELF | Ettore Lorenzo Frapiccini | engraver |
| 10 cent |  | CM | Claudia Momoni | engraver |
| 20 cent |  | M.A.C. | Maria Angela Cassol | engraver |
| 50 cent |  | M (stylised) | Roberto Mauri | engraver |
| 1 euro |  | LC (stylised) | Laura Cretara | engraver |
| 2 euro |  | M.C.C. | Maria Carmela Colaneri | engraver |
| Luxembourg | ||||
| All denominations |  | YGC (stylised) | Yvette Gastauer-Claire | designer |
| Malta | ||||
| 1, 2 and 5 cent |  | NGB | Noel Galea Bason | designer |
| Portugal | ||||
| All denominations |  | VS (stylised) | Vítor Manuel Fernandes dos Santos | designer |
| San Marino (first series) | ||||
| All denominations |  | Ch (stylised) | Frantisek Chochola | sculptor |
| All denominations |  | ELF INC.[21] | Ettore Lorenzo Frapiccini | engraver |
| San Marino (second series) | ||||
| All denominations | AL (stylised) | Arno Ludwig | sculptor | |
| All denominations | E.L.F MOD. | Ettore Lorenzo Frapiccini | engraver | |
| Slovakia | ||||
| 1, 2, 5 cent |  | Z | Drahomír Zobek | designer |
| 10, 20, 50 cent |  | JČ (stylised) and 'PK' (stylised) | Ján Černaj andPavol Károly | designers |
 | IŘ (stylised) | Ivan Řehák | designer | |
| Vatican City (first series) | ||||
| 1, 2 and 5 cent |  | GV • UP INC.[21] | Guido Veroi Uliana Pernazza | sculptor engraver |
| 10, 20 and 50 cent |  | GV • UP INC.[21] | Guido Veroi Uliana Pernazza | sculptor engraver |
| 1 and 2 euro |  [19] | GV • UP INC.[21] | Guido Veroi Uliana Pernazza | sculptor engraver |
| Vatican City (second series) | ||||
| All denominations |  | D. LONGO | Daniela Longo | sculptor |
| 1 cent |  | M.A.C. INC.[21] | Maria Angela Cassol | engraver |
| 2 cent |  | LDS (stylised) INC.[21] | Luciana De Simoni | engraver |
| 5 cent |  | ELF INC.[21] | Ettore Lorenzo Frapiccini | engraver |
| 10 cent |  | M.C.C. INC.[21] | Maria Carmela Colaneri | engraver |
| 20 cent |  | M.A.C. INC.[21] | Maria Angela Cassol | engraver |
| 50 cent |  | LDS (stylised) INC.[21] | Luciana De Simoni | engraver |
| 1 euro |  | ELF INC.[21] | Ettore Lorenzo Frapiccini | engraver |
| 2 euro |  | M.C.C. INC.[21] | Maria Carmela Colaneri | engraver |
| Vatican City (third series) | ||||
| All denominations |  | D.L. | Daniela Longo | sculptor |
| 1 and 2 cent |  | LDS INC.[21] | Luciana De Simoni | engraver |
| 5 cent |  | ELF INC.[21] | Ettore Lorenzo Frapiccini | engraver |
| 10 cent |  | M.C.C. INC.[21] | Maria Carmela Colaneri | engraver |
| 20 and 50 cent |  | M.A.C. INC.[21] | Maria Angela Cassol | engraver |
| 1 euro |  | ELF INC.[21] | Ettore Lorenzo Frapiccini | engraver |
| 2 euro |  | M.C.C. INC.[21] | Maria Carmela Colaneri | engraver |
| Country | Inscription image | Inscription text | Name | Title | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2004 | |||||||||||||
| Finland |  | M M | Pertti Mäkinen Raimo Makkonen | designer mint master | |||||||||
| Greece | KK ΠΓ | Konstantinos Kazakos Panagiotis Gravvalos | designer | ||||||||||
| Italy |  | UP (stylised) | Uliana Pernazza | engraver | |||||||||
| Luxembourg | YGC (stylised) | Yvette Gastauer-Claire | sculptor | ||||||||||
| San Marino |  | E.L.F. | Ettore Lorenzo Frapiccini | engraver | |||||||||
| Vatican |   [19] | VEROI L.D.S. INC.[21] | Guido Veroi Luciana De Simoni | designer engraver | |||||||||
| 2005 | |||||||||||||
| Belgium |  | LL (stylised) | Luc Luycx | designer | |||||||||
| Finland |  | K | Tapio Kettunen | designer | |||||||||
| Italy |  | M.C.C. | Maria Carmela Colaneri | engraver | |||||||||
| Luxembourg | YGC (stylised) PB (stylised) | Yvette Gastauer-Claire Patrice Bernabei | sculptor designer | ||||||||||
| San Marino |  | LDS (stylised) INC.[21] | Luciana De Simoni | engraver | |||||||||
| Vatican |   [19] | LONGO ELF INC.[21] | Daniela Longo Ettore Lorenzo Frapiccini | designer engraver | |||||||||
| 2006 | |||||||||||||
| Finland |  | M (the two marks reflect the mirror motif of the coin) | Raimo Makkonen | mint master | |||||||||
| Germany |  | HH | Heinz Hoyer | designer | |||||||||
| Italy |  | M.C.C. | Maria Carmela Colaneri | engraver | |||||||||
| San Marino |  | LDS (stylised) | Luciana De Simoni | engraver | |||||||||
| Vatican |   | O.ROSSI MCC INC.[21] | Orietta Rossi Maria Carmela Colaneri | designer engraver | |||||||||
| 2007 | |||||||||||||
| Germany |  | HH | Heinz Hoyer | designer | |||||||||
| Monaco |  | R.B.BARON | R. B. Baron | designer | |||||||||
| Portugal |  [22] | I Vilar (signature) | Irene Vilar | designer | |||||||||
| San Marino |  | E.L.F. | Ettore Lorenzo Frapiccini | engraver | |||||||||
| Vatican |   | LONGO MCC INC.[21] | Daniela Longo Maria Carmela Colaneri | designer engraver | |||||||||
| 2008 | |||||||||||||
| Finland |  | K | Tapio Kettunen | sculptor | |||||||||
| Germany |  | OE (stylised) | Erich Ott | designer | |||||||||
| Italy |  | MCC | Maria Carmela Colaneri | engraver | |||||||||
| Portugal | Esc. J. Duarte | João Duarte | sculptor | ||||||||||
| San Marino |  [19] | E.L.F. | Ettore Lorenzo Frapiccini | engraver | |||||||||
| Vatican |  | VEROI | Guido Veroi | engraver | |||||||||
| 2009 | |||||||||||||
| Germany | FB | Friedrich Brenner | sculptor | ||||||||||
| Greece | ΓΣ | Georgios Stamatopoulos | sculptor | ||||||||||
| Italy | M.C.C. | Maria Carmela Colaneri | engraver | ||||||||||
| Portugal | J.AURÉLIO | José Aurélio | plastic artist | ||||||||||
| San Marino | A.M. | Annalisa Masini | engraver | ||||||||||
| Slovakia | PK | Pavol Károly | engraver | ||||||||||
| Vatican | O. ROSSI M.C.C. INC. | Orietta Rossi Maria Carmela Colaneri | designer engraver | ||||||||||
| 2010 | |||||||||||||
| Germany | BB | Bodo Broschat | engraver | ||||||||||
| Greece | ΓΣ | Georgios Stamatopoulos | sculptor | ||||||||||
| Italy | C.M. | Claudia Momoni | engraver | ||||||||||
| Portugal | JOSÉ CÂNDIDO | José Cândido | engraver | ||||||||||
| San Marino | m | Roberto Mauri | engraver | ||||||||||
| Vatican | VEROI ELF INC. | Guido Veroi Ettore Lorenzo Frapiccini | designer engraver | ||||||||||
| 2011 | |||||||||||||
| Finland | V | Hannu Veijalainen | artist | ||||||||||
| Germany | HH | Heinz Hoyer | engraver | ||||||||||
| Italy | ELF INC. | Ettore Lorenzo Frapiccini | engraver | ||||||||||
| Portugal | IC - FB | Isabel Carriço and Fernando Branco | designers | ||||||||||
| San Marino | C.M. | Claudia Momoni | engraver | ||||||||||
| Slovakia | MR | Miroslav Rónai | designer | ||||||||||
| Vatican | O. ROSSI M.C.C. INC. | Orietta Rossi Maria Carmela Colaneri | designer engraver | ||||||||||
| 2012 | |||||||||||||
| Finland | T | Erja Tielinen | sculptor | ||||||||||
| Germany | Π(stylised) | Erich Ott | engraver | ||||||||||
| Italy | M.C.C. | Maria Carmela Colaneri | engraver | ||||||||||
| Portugal | JOSÉ DE GUIMARÃES | José De Guimarães | designer | ||||||||||
| Vatican | G. TITOTTO LDS INC. | Gabriella Titotto Luciana De Simoni | designer engraver | ||||||||||
| 2013 | |||||||||||||
| Germany | ER (stylised) | Eugen Ruhl | engraver | ||||||||||
| Greece | ΣtΑΜ (stylised) | Georgios Stamatopoulos | engraver | ||||||||||
| Italy | m (stylised) MCC | Roberto Mauri Maria Carmela Colaneri | engraver engraver | ||||||||||
| Netherlands | KЯCL (stylised) P | Claudia Linders and Roosje Klap Pannos Goutzemisis | designers | ||||||||||
| Portugal | HUGO MACIEL | Hugo Maciel | designer | ||||||||||
| San Marino | MOMONI | Claudia Momoni | engraver | ||||||||||
| Slovakia | mh (stylised) | Miroslav Hric | designer | ||||||||||
| Vatican | P. DANIELE M.C.C. INC. | Patrizio Daniele Maria Carmela Colaneri | sculptor engraver | ||||||||||
| 2014 | |||||||||||||
| Germany | OE (stylised) | Erich Ott | engraver | ||||||||||
| Greece | MA (stylised) | Maria Andonatou | engraver | ||||||||||
| Italy | LDS (stylised) C.M. | Luciana De Simoni Claudia Momoni | engraver engraver | ||||||||||
| Netherlands | P | Pannos Goutzemisis | designer | ||||||||||
| Portugal | JOSÉ TEIXEIRA | José Teixeira | designer | ||||||||||
| San Marino | MCC UP (stylised) | Maria Carmela Colaneri Uliana Pernazza | engraver engraver | ||||||||||
| Slovakia | MP (stylised) | Mária Poldaufová | designer | ||||||||||
| Vatican | G. TITOTTO C.M. INC | Gabriella Titotto Claudia Momoni | designer engraver | ||||||||||
| 2015 | |||||||||||||
| France | .J (stylised) | Joaquin Jimenez | engraver | ||||||||||
| Germany | HH BW | Heinz Hoyer Bernd Wendhut | engraver sculptor | ||||||||||
| Greece | ΓΣ ΣtΑΜ (stylised) | Georgios Stamatopoulos | engraver | ||||||||||
| Italy | MGU SP | Maria Grazia Urbani Silvia Petrassi | engraver engraver | ||||||||||
| Malta | NGB | Noel Galea Bason | designer | ||||||||||
| Portugal | A.M. F Fonseca (signature) | António Marinho Fernando Fonseca | designer designer | ||||||||||
| San Marino | AM ES | Annalisa Masini Erik Spiekermann | engraver designer | ||||||||||
| Slovakia | IŘ (stylised) | Ivan Řehák | designer | ||||||||||
| Vatican | C. PRINCIPE E.L.F. INC. | Chiara Principe Ettore Lorenzo Frapiccini | designer engraver | ||||||||||
| 2016 | |||||||||||||
| Finland | K | Tapio Kettunen | sculptor | ||||||||||
| Germany | JT | Jordi Truxa | designer | ||||||||||
| Greece | ΣtΑΜ (stylised) | Georgios Stamatopoulos | engraver | ||||||||||
| Italy | LDS (stylised) | Luciana De Simoni | engraver | ||||||||||
| C.M. | Claudia Momoni | engraver | |||||||||||
| Malta | NGB | Noel Galea Bason | designer | ||||||||||
| Portugal | JOANA VASCONCELOS | Joana Vasconcelos | designer | ||||||||||
| San Marino | MB | Matt Bonaccorsi | engraver | ||||||||||
| Slovakia | VP (stylised) | Vladimír Pavlica | designer | ||||||||||
| Vatican | M. CRISCIOTTI MOMONI INC. | Mariangela Crisciotti Claudia Momoni | designer engraver | ||||||||||
| D.LONGO SP INC | Daniela Longo Silvia Petrassi | designer engraver | |||||||||||
| 2017 | |||||||||||||
| France | .J (stylised) | Joaquin Jimenez | designer | ||||||||||
| Germany | Ch (stylised) | František Chocola | designer | ||||||||||
| Greece | ΣtΑΜ (stylised) | Georgios Stamatopoulos | engraver | ||||||||||
| Italy | LDS (stylised) | Luciana De Simoni | engraver | ||||||||||
| C.M. | Claudia Momoni | engraver | |||||||||||
| Malta | NGB | Noel Galea Bason | designer | ||||||||||
| Portugal | LUIS FILIPE DE ABREU | Luis Filipe de Abreu | designer | ||||||||||
| San Marino | LDS (stylised) | Luciana De Simoni | designer | ||||||||||
| A UP INC. | Andrew Lewis Uliana Pernazza | designer engraver | |||||||||||
| Slovakia | MP (stylised) | Mária Poldaufová | designer | ||||||||||
| Vatican | O.ROSSI SP INC. (stylised) | Orietta Rossi Silvia Petrassi | designer engraver | ||||||||||
| G.TITOTTO MOMONI INC. | Gabriella Titotto Claudia Momoni | designer engraver | |||||||||||
| 2018 | |||||||||||||
| Belgium | LL (stylised) | Luc Luycx | designer | ||||||||||
| France | .J (stylised) | Joaquin Jimenez | designer | ||||||||||
| Germany | BB (stylised) | Bodo Broschat | designer | ||||||||||
| Greece | ΣtΑΜ (stylised) | Georgios Stamatopoulos | engraver | ||||||||||
| Italy | UP (stylised) | Uliana Pernazza | engraver | ||||||||||
| SP (stylised) | Silvia Petrassi | engraver | |||||||||||
| Lithuania | JP | Justas Petrassi | designer | ||||||||||
| Malta | NGB | Noel Galea Bason | designer | ||||||||||
| Portugal | Eduardo Aires | Eduardo Aires | designer | ||||||||||
| San Marino | LDS (stylised) | Luciana De Simoni | designer | ||||||||||
| A.M. | Annalisa Masini | designer | |||||||||||
| Slovakia | PK (stylised) | Pavol Károly | designer | ||||||||||
| Vatican | D.LONGO C.M. INC. | Daniela Longo Claudia Momoni | designer engraver | ||||||||||
| P. DANIELE V.D.S. INC. | Patrizio Daniele Valerio De Seta | designer engraver | |||||||||||
| 2019 | |||||||||||||
| Belgium | LL (stylised) | Luc Luycx | designer | ||||||||||
| France | .J (stylised) | Joaquin Jimenez | designer | ||||||||||
| Germany | MO (stylised) | Michael Otto | painter | ||||||||||
| Greece | ΣtΑΜ (stylised) | Georgios Stamatopoulos | engraver | ||||||||||
| Italy | M.A.C. | Maria Angela Cassol | engraver | ||||||||||
| Malta | NGB | Noel Galea Bason | designer | ||||||||||
| Portugal | L.F. ABREU | Luis Filipe de Abreu | designer | ||||||||||
| pomar (signature) | Júlio Pomar | designer | |||||||||||
| San Marino | UP (stylised) | Uliana Pernazza | designer | ||||||||||
| M.A.C. | Maria Angela Cassol | designer | |||||||||||
| Slovakia | PV (stylised) | Peter Valach | designer | ||||||||||
| Vatican | D.LONGO INC. A.M. | Daniela Longo Annalisa Masini | designer engraver | ||||||||||
| FUSCO CASSOL INC. | Daniela Fusco Maria Angela Cassol | designer engraver | |||||||||||
| 2020 | |||||||||||||
| Belgium | LL (stylised) | Luc Luycx | designer | ||||||||||
| France | .J (stylised) | Joaquin Jimenez | designer | ||||||||||
| Germany | JT (stylised) | Jordi Truxa | designer | ||||||||||
| BB (stylised) | Bodo Broschat | designer | |||||||||||
| Greece | ΣtΑΜ (stylised) | Georgios Stamatopoulos | engraver | ||||||||||
| Italy | LDS (stylised) | Luciana De Simoni | engraver | ||||||||||
| Malta | NGB | Noel Galea Bason | designer | ||||||||||
| Portugal | ANDRÉ LETRIA | André Letria | designer | ||||||||||
| Esc. J.J. BRITO | José João de Brito | engraver | |||||||||||
| San Marino | C.M. | Claudia Momoni | designer | ||||||||||
| A.M. | Annalisa Masini | designer | |||||||||||
| Slovakia | PV (stylised) | Peter Valach | designer | ||||||||||
| Vatican | D.LONGO SP. A.M. | Daniela Longo Silvia Petrassi | designer engraver | ||||||||||
| G.TITOTTO M.A.C. INC. | Gabriella Titotto Maria Angela Cassol | designer engraver | |||||||||||
| 2021 | |||||||||||||
| Belgium | LL (stylised) | Luc Luycx | designer | ||||||||||
| France | .J (stylised) | Joaquin Jimenez | designer | ||||||||||
| Germany | MO (stylised) | Michael Otto | painter | ||||||||||
| Greece | ΣtΑΜ (stylised) | Georgios Stamatopoulos | engraver | ||||||||||
| Italy | UP (stylised) | Uliana Pernazza | engraver | ||||||||||
| C.M. | Claudia Momoni | engraver | |||||||||||
| Malta | NGB | Noel Galea Bason | designer | ||||||||||
| MAF (stylised) | Maria Anna Frisone | designer | |||||||||||
| Portugal | EDUARDO AIRES | Eduardo Aires | designer | ||||||||||
| F.PROVIDÊNCIA | Francisco Providência | sculptor | |||||||||||
| San Marino | SP (stylised) | Claudia Momoni | designer | ||||||||||
| VdS | Valerio De Seta | designer | |||||||||||
| Slovakia | BR (stylised) | Branislav Rónai | designer | ||||||||||
| Vatican | CP (stylised) UP. INC. | Chiara Principe Uliana Pernazza | designer engraver | ||||||||||
| P.DANIELE A.M. INC. | Patrizio Daniele Annalisa Masini | designer engraver | |||||||||||
With each member of the Eurozone comes a set of individual coin designs. Included in the individuality of the national obverse face of the euro coins, whose design is left to the member states, is the edge of the €2 coin. Each member was allowed to design a unique inscription that would appear on the €2 coin's edge. Some of theseedge inscriptions are carried over from the coins of the yielded currencies in circulation prior to the introduction of the euro.
| Country | Edge inscription | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Andorra, Belgium, France, Ireland, Luxembourg, Monaco, Spain |  | The sequence "2 ★ ★" repeated six times alternately upright and inverted. |
| Austria |  | The sequence "2 EURO ★★★" repeated four times alternately upright and inverted. |
| Croatia |  | "O LIJEPA O DRAGA O SLATKA SLOBODO" ("Oh beautiful, oh dear, oh sweet freedom" inCroatian, fromDubravka). |
| Cyprus |  | The sequence "2 ΕΥΡΩ 2 EURO" repeated twice (2 EURO inGreek andTurkish). |
| Estonia | .svg) | "EESTI ○" (ESTONIA inEstonian) upright and inverted. |
| Finland |  | "SUOMI FINLAND" (FINLAND in bothFinnish andSwedish, the two official languages in Finland), followed by three lion's heads. |
| Germany |  | "EINIGKEIT UND RECHT UND FREIHEIT" (UNITY AND JUSTICE AND FREEDOM inGerman), Germany's national motto and the beginning ofGermany's national anthem, followed by theFederal Eagle. |
| Greece |  | "ΕΛΛΗΝΙΚΗ ΔΗΜΟΚΡΑΤΙΑ ★" (ELLINIKI DHIMOKRATIA ★: "HELLENIC REPUBLIC" inGreek). |
| Italy, San Marino, Vatican |  | The sequence "2 ★" repeated six times alternately upright and inverted. |
| Latvia |  | "DIEVS ★ SVĒTĪ ★ LATVIJU ★" (GOD BLESS LATVIA) |
| Lithuania |  | "LAISVĖ ★ VIENYBĖ ★ GEROVĖ ★" ("Freedom, Unity, Prosperity" inLithuanian) |
| Malta |  | The sequence "2✠✠" (withMaltese crosses) repeated six times alternately upright and inverted |
| Netherlands |  | "GOD ★ ZIJ ★ MET ★ ONS ★" (GOD BE WITH US inDutch). The same lettering had been applied to the larger denominationguilder coins. |
| Portugal |  | The edge design features the seven castles and five coats of arms also found on the national side, all equally spaced. |
| Slovakia |  | "SLOVENSKÁ REPUBLIKA" (SLOVAK REPUBLIC inSlovak) with two stars andlinden leaf between. |
| Slovenia |  | "SLOVENIJA •" (SLOVENIA inSlovene) |
Generally the edge inscription of a€2 commemorative coin does not change from the standard issue counterpart. There are a few exceptions.
| Year and Country | Edge inscription | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Finland (2005) |  | "YK 1945–2005 FN" ("UN 1945–2005 UN" inFinnish andSwedish, the official languages of Finland) followed by three lion's heads. "YK" stands forYhdistyneet Kansakunnat and "FN" forFörenta Nationerna. Issued to commemorate the 60th anniversary of the founding of theUnited Nations and Finland's 50 year membership in the UN.[23] |
| Finland (2007) |  | "ROMFÖRDRAGET 50 ÅR EUROPA" ("TREATY OF ROME 50 YEARS EUROPE" inSwedish, one of the official languages of Finland. The same words inFinnish - "ROOMAN SOPIMUS 50 V EUROOPPA" - appear on the face of this coin). Issued to commemorate the 50th anniversary of the signing of theTreaty of Rome.[24] |
| Finland (2009) | "TALOUS-JA RAHALIITTO EMU" ("ECONOMIC AND MONETARY UNION EMU" inFinnish, one of the official languages of Finland. Issued to commemorate the 10th anniversary of theEconomic and Monetary Union of the European Union. |
In 2008, a European Commission's recommendation was approved in which the following was stated: "The legend engraved on the edge of the commemorative euro coins intended for circulation must be the same as that on the normal euro coins intended for circulation."[25] In 2012, a European Regulation was approved in which, with a binding nature, the previous restriction was specified.[26]
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