Ida Barney | |
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| Born | (1886-11-06)November 6, 1886 New Haven, Connecticut, U.S. |
| Died | March 7, 1982(1982-03-07) (aged 95) New Haven, Connecticut, U.S. |
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| Known for | Astrometric measurements of 150,000 stars |
| Awards | Annie J. Cannon Award in Astronomy (1952) |
| Scientific career | |
| Fields | Astronomy |
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| Thesis | Line and surface integrals (1911) |
Ida Barney (November 6, 1886 – March 7, 1982) was an Americanastronomer, best known for her 22 volumes ofastrometric measurements on 150,000 stars. She was educated atSmith College andYale University and spent most of her career at theYale University Observatory. She was the 1952 recipient of theAnnie J. Cannon Award in Astronomy.
Barney was born on November 6, 1886, inNew Haven, Connecticut. Her mother was Ida Bushnell Barney and her father was Samuel Eben Barney.[1]She was an avidbirder and the New Haven Bird Club President.[2] After her retirement from Yale, she continued to live in New Haven,[3] where she died on March 7, 1982,[1] aged 95 years old.[4]
In 1908, Barney was graduated fromSmith College with aBachelor of Arts degree. There, she was a member ofPhi Beta Kappa andSigma Xi, national honor societies for students. Three years later, she received herPh.D. inmathematics fromYale University.[1]
From 1911–1912, just after receiving her Ph.D., Barney was a mathematics professor atRollins College. At the conclusion of that year, she moved to heralma mater toSmith College, where she was an instructor of mathematics. In 1917, she was hired as a professor atLake Erie College, where she stayed until 1919. In 1920, she returned to Smith College as an assistant professor. In 1922, theYale University Observatory appointed Barney as a research assistant, a title she held until 1949, when she was promoted to research associate.[1] The Observatory, like many other university observatories, was allocating significant resources to astronomy, thanks to the development of telescope-mounted cameras. At the beginning of her career in astronomy, Barney worked underFrank Schlesinger; she plotted the position of stars from photographic plates and worked on the calculations of their celestial coordinates from their positions on the plates.[5] The work was tedious, which Schlesinger thought to be suitable for women incapable of theoretical research.[6] Despite this influence, she developed several methods that increased both the accuracy and speed of astronomic measurements, including the use of a machine that automatically centered the photographic plates.[3]
In 1941, when Schlesinger retired, Barney took over full supervision of the cataloguing. Under her direction, the measurements of the photographic plates were completed at the IBM Watson Scientific Laboratory using a new electronic device that advanced the reduction of eye strain and increased accuracy.[4] Her life's work, completed over 23 years, contributed to theYale Observatory Zone Catalog, a series of star catalogs published by the Yale Observatory for 1939 to 1983, containing approximately 400,000 stars, and influenced theBright Star Catalogue.[2] Her individual contribution to thesestar catalogues recorded the position,magnitude, andproper motion of approximately 150,000 stars. Due to its high accuracy, the catalogue is still used today in proper motion studies.[1][2] She retired from academic life in 1955.[4] She was succeeded byEllen Dorrit Hoffleit.[2]
TheWomen's Centennial Congress was organized byCarrie Chapman Catt, November 25–27, 1940, to celebrate a century of female progress. To demonstrate those advances, 100 "successful women" were invited to represent the respective fields of study in which they were working in 1940, but that would have been impossible for them in 1840. Barney was listed under "Science" withMargaret Mead andAnnie Jump Cannon, among others. The 100 women chosen were "all American, alive and doing jobs that would have been impossible for a woman to undertake in 1840."[7]
While a research associate at the Yale University Observatory, in 1952, Barney was awarded the triennialAnnie J. Cannon Award in Astronomy, a prestigious award for women astronomers given by theAmerican Astronomical Society.[1][2][4][8][9]
Asteroid5655 Barney, discovered byIngrid van Houten-Groeneveld,Cornelis Johannes van Houten andTom Gehrels atPalomar Observatory in 1973, was named in her honor.[10]
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