| Sooty gull | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Sooty gulls in Oman | |
Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Aves |
| Order: | Charadriiformes |
| Family: | Laridae |
| Genus: | Ichthyaetus |
| Species: | I. hemprichii |
| Binomial name | |
| Ichthyaetus hemprichii (Bruch, 1855) | |
| Synonyms[2] | |
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Thesooty gull (Ichthyaetus hemprichii) is a species ofgull in the familyLaridae, also known as theAden gull orHemprich's gull. It is found inBahrain,Djibouti,Egypt,Eritrea,India,Iran,Israel,Jordan,Kenya,Lebanon,Maldives,Mozambique,Oman,Pakistan,Palestine,Qatar,Saudi Arabia,Somalia,Sri Lanka,Sudan,Tanzania,United Arab Emirates, andYemen. As is the case with many gulls, it has traditionally been placed in thegenusLarus. The sooty gull is named in honour of the German naturalistWilhelm Hemprich who died in 1825 while on a scientific expedition to Egypt and the Middle East with his friendChristian Gottfried Ehrenberg.[3]
The sooty gull is native to the Red Sea, the Gulf of Aden, the Gulf of Oman, the Persian Gulf and its range extends as far east as Pakistan. It is also native to the east coast of Africa as far south as Tanzania and Mozambique. It occurs as a vagrant in India, Sri Lanka, the Maldives, Jordan, Lebanon, Palestine and Bahrain. It is a coastal bird, seldom going further out to sea than about 10 km (6 mi) beyond coastal reefs although it has occasionally been seen 140 km (87 mi) from land. It frequents ports and harbours, the coast, inshore islands and the intertidal zone. It seldom moves inland or visits freshwater locations. It is nomadic or partially migratory and many populations move southwards after breeding, though Red Sea populations seem to be relatively sedentary.[1]
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The sooty gull is apredator andscavenger. It feeds on discarded fish and fish offal, other small fish that it catches itself,prawns, newly hatchedturtles and the eggs and chicks of other sea birds.[1]
Breeding takes place during the summer. It usually nests in small colonies on inshore coral islands, particularly outer islands protected by reefs with rock, sand and sparse vegetation. Nests are sometimes solitary, particularly in Africa, or may be scattered among the nests of other colonial sea birds. The nest may consist of a bare scrape in the coral in an exposed position or may be protected by a coral overhang or sheltered beneath a low-growingmangrove or aseepweed bush.[1]
TheIUCN lists the sooty gull as being of "Least Concern". This is because it has a very wide range and its total population is large. The population trend is believed to be downwards but the rate of decrease is insufficient to warrant listing the bird in a more threatened category. The main threats faced by the bird are from the exploration of some of its traditional breeding grounds for oil, land reclamation, and the possibility of oil spills.[1]
