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Ibrahim ibn al-Mahdi

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Abbasid prince, singer, composer and poet (779–839)

Ibrahim ibn al-Mahdi
إبراهيم بن المهدي

Born

779
Baghdad, Abbasid Caliphate

Died

839
Baghdad/Samarra,Abbasid Caliphate

Spouse

Umm Muhammad (divorced)
Shāriyah^[1]
Bid'ah^[2]
Rayyiq^[3]
Khishf^[4]
Shaja^[4]

Children

Hibat Allah^[5]

Names
Ibrahim ibn Muhammad al-Mahd ibn Abdallah al-Mansur

Father

Mother

Religion

Occupation

Singer,
Composer,
Arabic poet

Ibrāhīm ibn al-Mahdī (Arabic:إبراهيم بن المهدي; 779–839) was anAbbasid prince, singer, composer and poet. He was the son of the thirdAbbasid caliph,al-Mahdi, and the half-brother of the poet and musicianUlayya.^[6] Ibrahim was contemporary of Abbasid caliphal-Hadi,al-Rashid and his three nephews caliphal-Amin,al-Ma'mun,al-Mu'tasim.

Biography

[edit]

Ibrahim was born in 779. He was the son of Abbasid caliphal-Mahdi,^[7] and was born during the Caliphate of his father. His mother was Shaklah,^[8] whose father was Khwanadan, steward of Masmughan.^[9] She had a brother named Humayd.^[10] She was acquired by Al-Mahdi when she was a child. He presented her to his concubine Muhayyat, who, discovering a musical talent in the child, sent her to the famous school of Taif in the Hijaz for a thorough musical education. Years later Al-Mahdi, then caliph, took her as his concubine.^[11]

One of his wives wasUmm Muhammad. She was the daughter of Salih al-Miskin and Umm Abdullah bint Isa ibn Ali. After Inrahi divorced her, she married Harun al-Rashid.^[12]

During theFourth Fitna, Ibrahim was proclaimed caliph on 20 July 817 by the people ofBaghdad, who gave him the regnal name ofal-Mubarak (Arabic:المبارك) and declared his reigning nephewal-Ma'mun deposed. Ibrahim received the allegiance of theHashemites.^[13] He had to resign in 819, and spent the rest of his life as a poet and a musician. He is remembered as "one of the most gifted musicians of his day, with a phenomenalvocal range",^[6] and a promoter of the then innovative 'Persian style' of song, 'which was characterizedinter alia by redundant improvisation'.^[14]

Ibrahim died in 839 during the Caliphate of his younger nephewal-Mu'tasim.^[7]

Siblings

[edit]

Ibrahim was related to severalAbbasid caliphs. He was also contemporary to several Abbasid caliphs, princess and princesses. Ibrahim was at one point married to Abbasid princessUmm Muhammad.

No.	Abbasids	Relation
1	Musa al-Hadi	Half-brother
2	Harun al-Rashid	Half-brother
3	Abbasa bint al-Mahdi	Half-sister
4	Ubaydallah ibn al-Mahdi	Half-brother
5	Ulayya bint al-Mahdi	Half-sister
6	Banuqa bint al-Mahdi	Half-sister
7	Mansur ibn al-Mahdi	Half-brother
8	Aliyah bint al-Mahdi	Half-sister
9	Ali ibn al-Mahdi	Half-brother
10	Abdallah ibn al-Mahdi	Half-brother
11	Isa ibn al-Mahdi^[15]	Half-brother

References

[edit]

^Kraemer, J.L.; al-Ṭabarī, A.J.M.J. (1989).The History of al-Ṭabarī Vol. 34: Incipient Decline: The Caliphates of al-Wāthiq, al-Mutawakkil, and al-Muntaṣir A.D. 841-863/A.H. 227-248. Bibliotheca Persica. State University of New York Press. p. 54 n. 202.ISBN 978-0-88706-875-1.
^Zaouali, L.; DeBevoise, M.B. (2009).Medieval Cuisine of the Islamic World: A Concise History with 174 Recipes. California Studies in Food and Culture. University of California Press. p. 38.ISBN 978-0-520-26174-7.
^Al-Heitty, A.K. (2005).دور المرأة الشاعرة في القصر العباسي، 132-247، 750-861:. Al Rayan. p. 153.
^^a ^bCaswell, F.M. (2011).The Slave Girls of Baghdad: The Qiyan in the Early Abbasid Era. Bloomsbury Publishing. pp. 276, 277.ISBN 978-1-78672-959-0.
^Ibn al-Sāʿī (2017).Consorts of the Caliphs: Women and the Court of Baghdad. Translated by Shawkat M. Toorawa and the Editors of the Library of Arabic Literature. Introduction by Julia Bray, Foreword by Marina Warner. New York: New York University Press. p. 17.ISBN 978-1-4798-0477-1.
^^a ^bKilpatrick, H. (1998). Meisami, Julie Scott; Starkey, Paul (eds.).Encyclopedia of Arabic Literature. Vol. 1. Taylor & Francis. p. 387.ISBN 978-0-415-18571-4.
^^a ^bKilpatrick, H. (2003).Making the Great Book of Songs: Compilation and the Author's Craft in Abû I-Faraj al-Isbahânî's Kitâb al-aghânî. Routledge Studies in Middle Eastern Literatures. Taylor & Francis. p. 332.ISBN 978-1-135-78793-6.
^Abbott 1946, p. 33.
^Al-Tabari; John Alden Williams (1988).Al-̣Tabarī: Volume 1, The Reign of Abū Ja'Far Al-Maṇsūr A. D. 754-775: The Early 'Abbāsī Empire. Al-Tabari. the Early Abbasi Empire. Cambridge University Press. p. 46.ISBN 978-0-521-32662-9.
^Fishbein, Michael (2015).The History of al-Tabari Vol. 31: The War between Brothers: The Caliphate of Muhammad al-Amin A.D. 809-813/A.H. 193-198. SUNY series in Near Eastern Studies. State University of New York Press. p. 187.ISBN 978-1-4384-0289-5.
^Abbott 1946, pp. 33–34.
^al-Tabari & Bosworth 1989, p. 326.
^Bosworth, C. E., ed. (1987).The History of al-Ṭabarī, Volume XXXII: The Reunification of the ʿAbbāsid Caliphate: The Caliphate of al-Maʾmūn, A.D. 813–33/A.H. 198–213. SUNY Series in Near Eastern Studies. Albany, New York: State University of New York Press. p. 66.ISBN 978-0-88706-058-8.
^Imhof, Agnes (2013)."Traditio vel Aemulatio? The Singing Contest of Sāmarrā', Expression of a Medieval Culture of Competition".Der Islam.90: 1–20 [p. 1].doi:10.1515/islam-2013-0001.
^Abbott 1946, p. 31.

Sources

[edit]

Abbott, Nabia (1946).Two Queens of Baghdad: Mother and Wife of Hārūn Al Rashīd. University of Chicago Press.ISBN 978-0-86356-031-6.{{cite book}}:ISBN / Date incompatibility (help)
Kilpatrick, H. (1998). Meisami, Julie Scott; Starkey, Paul (eds.). Encyclopedia of Arabic Literature. Vol. 1. Taylor & Francis. p. 387. ISBN 978-0-415-18571-4.
Al-Tabari; John Alden Williams (1988). Al-̣Tabarī: Volume 1, The Reign of Abū Ja'Far Al-Maṇsūr A. D. 754-775: The Early ‛Abbāsī Empire. Al-Tabari. the Early Abbasi Empire. Cambridge University Press. p. 46. ISBN 978-0-521-32662-9.
al-Tabari, Muhammad Ibn Yarir; Bosworth, Clifford Edmund (1989).The History of al-Tabari Vol. 30: The 'Abbasid Caliphate in Equilibrium: The Caliphates of Musa al-Hadi and Harun al-Rashid A.D. 785-809/A.H. 169-193. Bibliotheca Persica. State University of New York Press.ISBN 978-0-88706-564-4.
Fishbein, Michael (2015). The History of al-Tabari Vol. 31: The War between Brothers: The Caliphate of Muhammad al-Amin A.D. 809-813/A.H. 193-198. SUNY series in Near Eastern Studies. State University of New York Press. p. 187. ISBN 978-1-4384-0289-5.

Medieval Perso-Arab music

Origins

Achaemenid	Karnay

Parthian	gōsān Rhoptron

Sasanian	Bamshad Barbad Nagisa

Umayyad

Qiyan	Atika bint Shuhda Azza al-Mayla Djamila/Jamila Hababah Ubayda

Abbasid

Qiyan	Irfan Mahbubah Milh Al-Attara Inan bint Abdallah Shāriyah Faḍl al-Shāʻirah Arib al-Ma'muniyya Sarirah al-Ra’iqiyya

Andalusian-Arab	Ziryab Avempace Abu al-Majd ibn Abi al-Hakam

Theorists‎

Works

v t e Abbasid Caliphs
Caliphs ofBaghdad (749–1258)	al-Saffah al-Mansur al-Mahdi al-Hadi Harun al-Rashid al-Amin Ibrahim ibn al-Mahdi^[B] al-Ma'mun al-Mu'tasim al-Wathiq al-Mutawakkil al-Muntasir al-Musta'in al-Mu'tazz al-Muhtadi al-Mu'tamid al-Mu'tadid al-Muktafi al-Muqtadir Abdallah ibn al-Mu'tazz^[B] al-Qahir al-Radi al-Muttaqi al-Mustakfi al-Muti' al-Ta'i' al-Qadir al-Qa'im al-Muqtadi al-Mustazhir al-Mustarshid al-Rashid al-Muqtafi al-Mustanjid al-Mustadi al-Nasir al-Zahir al-Mustansir I al-Musta'sim (Mongol conquest)
Caliphs ofCairo (1261–1517)	al-Mustansir II al-Hakim I al-Mustakfi I al-Wathiq I al-Hakim II al-Mu'tadid I al-Mutawakkil I al-Musta'sim al-Mutawakkil I al-Wathiq II al-Musta'sim al-Mutawakkil I al-Musta'in al-Mu'tadid II al-Mustakfi II al-Qa'im al-Mustanjid al-Mutawakkil II al-Mustamsik al-Mutawakkil III al-Mustamsik al-Mutawakkil III (Ottoman conquest)
^[B] indicates ephemeral caliphs recognized in the city of Baghdad only

Arabic literature

Old
Namara inscription Pre-Islamic Arabic inscriptions

Pre-Islamic

Classical

Early Islamic	Al-Akhtal al-Taghlibi Al-Farazdaq Abd al-Hamid al-Katib Fadl Ashsha'ira Hassan ibn Thabit Ibn Abi Hasina Maysun bint Bahdal Jamil ibn Ma'mar Suraqa bin Malik Jarir ibn Atiyah Ka'b bin Zuhayr Al-Khansa Kuthayyir Layla al-Akhyaliyya Suraqah al-Bariqi Qutayla ukht al-Nadr Waddah al-Yaman Yunus al-Katib al-Mughanni Zufar ibn al-Harith al-Kilabi Dhu Jadan al-Himyari Dorayd bin Al Soma Qatari ibn al-Fuja'a al-Mufaddal
Abbasid era	Bint al-Mahdī Ibn al-Ahnaf Ibn al-Mu'tazz Abu Firas al-Hamdani Abu Tammam Al-Mudabbir Abu'l-Qasimbal-Maghribi Arib al-Ma'muniyya Al-Asma'i Ahmad al-Tifashi Abu al-Atahiya ibn al-'Amid Al-Hamadani Baha' al-din Zuhair Bashshar ibn Burd Buhturi Al-Busiri Al-Isfahani Al-Fath ibn Khaqan Al-Hariri of Basra Ibn al-Farid Ibn al-Rumi Ibn Duraid al-Zajjaj Abu Mansur al-Azhari ibn al-Mahdi ibn al-Mudabbir Al-Ma'arri Marwan ibn Abi Hafsa Marwan ibn Abi al-Janub Al-Mutanabbi Abu Nuwas Al-Jahiz Shāriyah Al-Armanazi Aban al-Lahiqi Imad ad-Din al-Isfahani Rabia of Basra Yunus ibn Habib Abu Nasr al-Jawhari Al-Farahidi Al-Shafi'i Ibn al-Muqaffa' Al-Mubarrad Ibn Abi Tahir Tayfur Safiyya al-Baghdadiyya Al-Zahiri Abu Muhammad al-Anbari Ibn al-Anbari Al-Qasabani Ibn Qutaybah Dik al-Jinn ‘Inān Abu Ahmad Monajjem Ibn Bakkar Al-Sarī al-Raffā’ Al-Suli Niftawayh Al-Tughrai Laylā bint Ṭarīf Al-Tha'alibi Al-Daylami al-Tawhīdī Al-Sharif al-Radi Ibn Hayyus Al-Raghib al-Isfahani Sharif al-Murtaza Al Uyuni Yaqut al-Hamawi Al Suhrawardi Al-Hallaj Usama ibn Munqidh Ibn al-Qatta' al-Siqilli Ibn al-Shajari Ibn al-Nafis Ibn 'Adlan
Al-Andalus andMaghreb	Abu Ja'far Al-Rumaikiyya Maria Alphaizuli Ibn Ammar Buthaina Al-Rukuniyya Hamda bint Ziyad al-Muaddib Ibn Hamdis Ibn Abd Rabbih Ibn al-Abbar Ibn al-Zaqqaq Ibn Amira Ibn Baqi Ibn Bassam Ibn Juzayy Ibn Khafaja Ibn al-Khatib Ibn Quzman Ibn Sahl Ibn Zamrak Ibn Zaydún Lubna of Córdoba Al-Mu'tamid ibn Abbad ibn Hani al-Azdi Muhya Nazhun Qasmuna Al-Tutili Umm Al-Kiram Yusuf III Yusuf III Ibn Hazm Ibn Arabi al-Shushtari Abu Madyan al-Rundi Ibn al-Arif Ibn Wahbun Ibn Abdun Avempace al-Baji al-Fazazi Ibn al-Yayyab Ibn Jubayr Ibn al-Kattani Ibn Tufayl Ibn Abi al-Khisal
Mamluk era	Ahmad ibn Arabshah Al-Busiri Ibn Manzur Ibn Battuta 'A'isha al-Ba'uniyya Ibn al-Wardi Hamdallah Mustawfi Ibn Nubata al-Nafzawi Ibn Khaldun Al-Qalqashandi
Ottoman era	Al-Nabulsi Fuzûlî Abdul Qadir al-Baghdadi Hanna Diyab Ibn al-Wannan Ahmed Ben Triki

Modern

Nahda

Contemporary

National literatures of Arab states
Algeria Bahrain Comoros Djibouti Egypt Copto-Arabic Iraq Jordan Kuwait Lebanon Libya Mauritania Morocco Oman Palestine Qatar Saudi Arabia Somalia Sudan Syria Tunisia U.A.E. Yemen

Authority control databases
International	ISNI VIAF GND WorldCat
People	Deutsche Biographie
Other	IdRef

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