Ibdis عبدس 'Ibdis | |
|---|---|
| Etymology: personal name[1] | |
.jpg) 1870s map.jpg) 1940s map.jpg) modern map.jpg) 1940s with modern overlay mapA series of historical maps of the area around Ibdis (click the buttons) | |
  Ibdis Location withinMandatory Palestine | |
| Coordinates:31°40′39″N34°41′55″E / 31.67750°N 34.69861°E /31.67750; 34.69861 | |
| Palestine grid | 121/120 |
| Geopolitical entity | Mandatory Palestine |
| Subdistrict | Gaza |
| Date of depopulation | July 8–9, 1948[4] |
| Area | |
• Total | 4,593dunams (4.593 km2; 1.773 sq mi) |
| Population (1945) | |
• Total | 540[2][3] |
| Cause(s) of depopulation | Military assault byYishuv forces |
'Ibdis (Arabic:عبدس,‘Ibdis;Hebrew:עיבדיס) was aPalestinian village in theGaza Subdistrict, located 30 kilometers (19 mi) northeast ofGaza City. It was situated on flat ground on the coastal plain at an elevation of 75 meters (246 ft) above sea level, and bordered by awadi that bore its name on its eastern side. In 1945, Ibdis had a population of 540 and a land area of 4,593dunams, of which 18 dunams were built-up areas.[5]
Tombs, dating to the sixth and seventh century CE, andByzantine ceramics have been found here.[6]
12 centuryCrusaderchurch endowments and land deeds mention Latin settlement in the village, calling it Hebde. 'Ibdis was also inhabited in the15th century.Mamluk records mention its endowment as awaqf.[7]
Under theOttomans, in the 1596tax records, Ibdis was a village in thenahiya of Gaza, part of theSanjak of Gaza, with a population of 35 households, an estimated 193 people, allMuslims. The villagers paid a fixed tax rate of 33,3 % on various products, including wheat, barley, sesame, fruits, vineyards, beehives, and goats; a total of 8,100akçe. Half of the revenue went to awaqf.[8]
In 1838, it was noted as a village 'Abdis, located in the Gaza district.[9]
Socin found from an official Ottoman village list from about 1870 that Ibdis had 12 houses and a population of 53, though the population count included men, only.[10]Hartmann found thatAbdis had 15 houses.[11]
In 1882, thePEF'sSurvey of Western Palestine described it as a mid-sized village standing on open ground.[12]
During theBritish Mandate period, its houses were built of adobe brick and separated by narrow alleys. Toward the end of the Mandate period, new homes were constructed along the two roads that linked it withMajdal and theJaffa Road. The village'sMuslim community obtained water for domestic use from a 55 meters (180 ft) deep well. However, because the number of drilled wells was limited, the residents relied largely on rainfall for their crops. Ibdis was well known in the Gaza region for its quality grains, including wheat, barley, andsorghum. In the later period, fruit trees were grown, including grapes, apricots, and oranges.[5]
In the1922 census of Palestine, conducted by the British Mandate authorities,‘Abdis had a population of 319, all Muslims,[13] increasing in the1931 census to 425, still all Muslims, in 62 houses.[14]
In the1945 statistics Ibdis had a population of 540, all Muslims,[2] with a total of 4,593dunams of land, according to an official land and population survey.[3] Of this, 149 dunams were used for plantations and irrigable land, 4,307 for cereals,[15] while 18 dunams were built-up land.[16]
The daily Palestinian newspaperFilastin reported in mid-February 1948, thatIsraeli forces arrived at Ibdis in three large vehicles on the evening of February 17. They were engaged by the local militia and a clash ensued which went on for over an hour. until the attackers retreated toNegba. According to the account, none of the residents were injured.[17]
On July 8, as the first truce of the1948 Arab-Israeli War was about to end, Israel'sGivati Brigade moved on the southern front to link up with Israeli forces in theNegev. Although, they did not succeed in this mission, they managed to capture numerous villages in the area, including Ibdis. The Third Battalion of the brigade attacked the village at night, resulting in a 'long battle" with two companies of theEgyptian Army stationed there. The Israelis "only finished cleaning the position by the hours of the morning", according toHaganah accounts. It is unclear whether the inhabitants of Ibdis were expelled at that time, but the Haganah claims military equipment was taken was from the Egyptians.[5]
Egyptian forces tried to recapture the village on July 10, but failed after suffering "heavy losses" when combating Israeli forces stationed there. According to the Haganah, the second Israeli victory at Ibdis was a turning point in the Givati advance, since onwards the brigade's forces did not withdraw from a single position until the end of the war. There was another failed attempt to capture the village on July 12. Egyptian presidentGamal Abdel Nasser, who was a junior officer on this front recalled "On the first day of the truce the enemy [Israeli forces] moved against the Arab village of 'Ibdis which interpenetrated our lines".[5]
Following the war the area was incorporated into theState of Israel.Merkaz Shapira was established nearby in 1948 and cultivates some land near the village site, but was, by 1992, not on Ibdis lands.[5]
