British embryologist (1944–2023)
Sir Ian Wilmut (7 July 1944 – 10 September 2023) was a Britishembryologist and the chair of theScottish Centre for Regenerative Medicine [ 4] University of Edinburgh .[ 5] cloned a mammal from an adultsomatic cell , aFinnish Dorset lamb namedDolly .[ 6] [ 7]
Wilmut was appointedOBE in 1999 for services to embryo development[ 8] knighted in the2008 New Year Honours .[ 9] Keith Campbell andShinya Yamanaka jointly received the 2008Shaw Prize for Medicine and Life Sciences for their work oncell differentiation in mammals.[ 3]
Early life and education [ edit ] Wilmut was born inHampton Lucy ,Warwickshire , England, on 7 July 1944.[ 10] diabetes for fifty years, which eventually caused him to become blind.[ 11] Boys' High School inScarborough , where his father taught.[ 12] colour blindness .[ 13] Agriculture at theUniversity of Nottingham .[ 12] [ 14]
In 1966, Wilmut spent eight weeks working in the laboratory ofChristopher Polge , who is credited with developing the technique ofcryopreservation in 1949.[ 15] Doctor of Philosophy degree at theUniversity of Cambridge , from where he graduated in 1971 with a thesis onsemen cryopreservation .[ 16] Darwin College .[ 17]
Career and research [ edit ] After completing his PhD, he was involved in research focusing on gametes and embryogenesis, including working at theRoslin Institute .[ 12]
Wilmut was the leader of the research group that in 1996 first cloned a mammal, a lamb namedDolly .[ 18] [ 19] somatic cell nuclear transfer [ 20] Shinya Yamanaka . This method has been used in mice to derivepluripotent stem cells from differentiated adult skin cells, thus circumventing the need to generate embryonic stem cells. Wilmut believed that this method holds greater potential for the treatment of degenerative conditions such asParkinson's disease and to treat stroke and heart attack patients.[ 21]
Dolly was a bonus, sometimes when scientists work hard, they also get lucky, and that's what happened.[ 22]
Ian Wilmut, quoted inTime Wilmut led the team that created Dolly, but in 2006 admitted his colleagueKeith Campbell [ 23] [ 24] principal investigator held by Wilmut at the time of Dolly's creation.
Wilmut was an Emeritus Professor at theScottish Centre for Regenerative Medicine [ 25] University of Edinburgh and in 2008 wasknighted in theNew Year Honours for services to science.[ 13]
Wilmut and Campbell, in conjunction withColin Tudge , publishedThe Second Creation in 2000.[ 26] [ 10] After Dolly: The Uses and Misuses of Human Cloning was published,[ 27] Roger Highfield .
Wilmut died from complications ofParkinson's disease on 10 September 2023, aged 79.[ 28] [ 10]
In 1998 he received theLord Lloyd of Kilgerran Award [ 29] American Academy of Achievement .[ 30]
Wilmut was appointedOfficer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in the1999 Birthday Honours "for services to Embryo Development"[ 17] [ 31] Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS) in 2002 .[ 32] Fellow of the Academy of Medical Sciences in 1999[ 33] Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh in 2000.[ 34] EMBO Member in 2003.[ 35]
In 1997 Wilmut wasTime [ 22] knighted in the2008 New Year Honours for services to science.[ 17] [ 36]
Wilmut, Ian; Campbell, Keith; Tudge, Colin (2000).The Second Creation: The Age of Biological Control by the Scientists Who Cloned Dolly . London: Headline.ISBN 0747221359 Wilmut, Ian; Highfield, Roger (2006).After Dolly: The Uses and Misuses of Human Cloning . Norton.ISBN 0393060667 ^ "Ian Wilmut Ernst: Schering Prize 2002" .Schering Stiftung . Retrieved12 September 2023 .^ "Paul Ehrlich Foundation: Prize Winners: 2005 Wilmut" .Goethe-Universität Frankfurt . Retrieved12 September 2023 .^a b "The 2008 Prize in Life Science & Medicine" . Shaw Prize Foundation. Archived fromthe original on 3 October 2022. Retrieved3 October 2022 .^ "Scottish Centre for Regenerative Medicine" . Archived fromthe original on 22 March 2014. Retrieved15 February 2013 .^ "Redirecting Cell Fate, Group leader: Ian Wilmut FRS, FRSE" . Archived fromthe original on 23 April 2020. Retrieved26 July 2011 .^ Campbell, K. H. S. ; McWhir, J.; Ritchie, W. A.;Wilmut, I. (1996). "Sheep cloned by nuclear transfer from a cultured cell line".Nature .380 (6569):64– 66.Bibcode :1996Natur.380...64C .doi :10.1038/380064a0 .PMID 8598906 .S2CID 3529638 .^ Schnieke, A. E.; Kind, A. J.; Ritchie, W. A.; Mycock, K.; Scott, A. R.; Ritchie, M.;Wilmut, I. ; Colman, A.;Campbell, K. H. (1997). "Human Factor IX Transgenic Sheep Produced by Transfer of Nuclei from Transfected Fetal Fibroblasts".Science .278 (5346):2130– 2133.Bibcode :1997Sci...278.2130S .doi :10.1126/science.278.5346.2130 .PMID 9405350 .S2CID 36257561 . ^ "Times Higher Education: Queen's Birthday Honours" .Times Higher Education . 18 June 1999. Retrieved16 April 2009 .^ "Dolly creator heads Scots honours" .BBC News . 29 December 2007. Retrieved16 April 2009 .^a b c "Sir Ian Wilmut obituary" .The Guardian . 11 September 2023. Retrieved11 September 2023 .^ Berry, S. (2001). "Profile – Ian Wilmut".Trends in Biotechnology .19 (12):525– 526.doi :10.1016/S0167-7799(01)01842-X . ^a b c "Autobiography of Sir Ian Wilmut" .The Shaw Prize . 2008. Archived fromthe original on 15 June 2009. Retrieved16 April 2009 .^a b "Dolly the sheep creator knighted" . BBC. 29 December 2007. Retrieved30 December 2007 .^ "Ian Wilmut Interview: Pioneer of Cloning" .Academy of Achievement . 23 May 1998. Archived fromthe original on 23 March 2009. Retrieved16 April 2009 .^ Rall, W. (2007)."Ernest John Christopher Polge FRS (1926–2006)" .Cryobiology .54 (3):241– 242.doi :10.1016/j.cryobiol.2007.04.001 ^ Wilmut, Ian (1971).The preservation of boar semen OCLC 500590369 . Archived fromthe original on 9 September 2019. Retrieved14 September 2012 .^a b c "WILMUT, Sir Ian" Who's Who Oxford University Press ed.). Oxford: A & C Black.(Subscription orUK public library membership required.) [unreliable source? ^ "The Third Culture: Ian Wilmut" .Edge.org . Archived fromthe original on 13 January 2009. Retrieved16 April 2009 .^ Giles, J.; Knight, J. (2003)."Dolly's death leaves researchers woolly on clone ageing issue" .Nature .421 (6925): 776.Bibcode :2003Natur.421..776G .doi :10.1038/421776a PMID 12594470 . ^ Wilmut, I. ; Beaujean, N.; De Sousa, P. A.; Dinnyes, A.; King, T. J.; Paterson, L. A.; Wells, D. N.; Young, L. E. (2002)."Somatic cell nuclear transfer" (PDF) .Nature .419 (6709):583– 586.Bibcode :2002Natur.419..583W .doi :10.1038/nature01079 .PMID 12374931 .S2CID 4327096 .^ Highfield, Roger (16 November 2007)."Dolly creator Prof Ian Wilmut shuns cloning" .The Sunday Times . Archived fromthe original on 2 December 2007. Retrieved11 December 2007 . ^a b Nash, Madeleine (29 December 1997)."Dr Ian Wilmut...and Dolly" .Time . Archived fromthe original on 4 January 2007. Retrieved16 April 2009 . ^ Wilmut, I. (2012)."Keith Campbell (1954–2012)" .Science .338 (6114): 1553.Bibcode :2012Sci...338.1553W .doi :10.1126/science.1233495 PMID 23258883 .S2CID 206547014 .^ Cramb, Auslan (8 March 2006)."I didn't clone Dolly the sheep says prof" .The Telegraph . Retrieved16 April 2009 . ^ "MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine" .^ The Second Creation: Dolly and the age of biological control ISBN 0674005864 ^ After Dolly: The Uses and Misuses of Human CloningISBN 0316724696 ^ Williams, Craig (11 September 2023)."Professor Sir Ian Wilmut: Dolly the sheep creator dies aged 79" .The Herald . Retrieved11 September 2023 . ^ "Foundation News" (PDF) .Technology Innovation and Society (Winter 1998): 14. 1998.^ "Golden Plate Awardees of the American Academy of Achievement" .www.achievement.org .American Academy of Achievement .^ "No. 55513" .The London Gazette ^ Anon (2002)."Sir Ian Wilmut OBE FMedSci FRS" .royalsociety.org . London:Royal Society . Archived fromthe original on 17 November 2015.One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from the royalsociety.org website where: 'All text published under the heading "Biography' on Fellow profile pages is available underCreative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License .' "Royal Society Terms, conditions and policies" . Archived fromthe original on 25 September 2015. Retrieved9 March 2016 .^ Anon (1999)."Ian Wilmut FMedSci" .acdmedsci.ac.uk . London:Academy of Medical Sciences . Archived fromthe original on 7 October 2016. Retrieved18 August 2016 . ^ "File relating to Ian Wilmut's Fellowship of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, 2000–2005" . Collections.ed.ac.uk. Retrieved11 September 2023 .^ Anon (2003)."EMBO Profile: Ian Wilmut" .people.embo.org . Heidelberg:European Molecular Biology Organization . ^ "No. 58557" .The London Gazette
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