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| SS7 protocols by OSI layer | |
| Application | INAP,MAP,IS-41... TCAP,CAP,ISUP, ... |
|---|---|
| Network | MTP Level 3 +SCCP |
| Data link | MTP Level 2 |
| Physical | MTP Level 1 |
IS-41, also known asANSI-41,[1] is a mobile, cellular telecommunications systemstandard to support mobility management by enabling the networking ofswitches. ANSI-41 is the standard now approved for use as the network-side companion to the wireless-sideAMPS (analog), IS-136 (Digital AMPS),cdmaOne, andCDMA2000 networks. It competes withGSM MAP, but the two will eventually merge[citation needed] to support worldwide roaming.
IS-41 facilitates inter-switch operations like handoff and roaming authentication. IS-41 evolved through revisions 0, A, B, C, D, and E with increasingly robust and distributed call processing between switches and their roamer databases. To describe IS-41 messaging requires special terminology to designate the telephone call's originating and terminating switch, called an MSC (anchor-MSC, candidate-MSC, homing-MSC, serving MSC and target MSC) and databases called VLR and HLR. For handoffs the messaging is between switches. For roaming and authentication, the messaging would include an HLR and a VLR. In both cases, thePSTN may be needed to carry messaging.
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