 Logo for iBurst | |
| Inventor | ArrayComm |
|---|---|
| Current supplier | Kyocera |
IEEE 802.20 orMobile Broadband Wireless Access (MBWA) was a specification by thestandard association of theInstitute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) formobile broadband networks. The main standard was published in 2008.[1] MBWA is no longer being actively developed.
Thiswireless broadband technology is also known and promoted asiBurst (orHC-SDMA, High Capacity Spatial Division Multiple Access). It was originally developed byArrayComm and optimizes the use of itsbandwidth with the help of smart antennas.Kyocera is themanufacturer of iBurst devices.
iBurst is a mobile broadband wireless access system that was first developed by ArrayComm, and announced with partnerSony in April 2000.[2]It was adopted as the High Capacity – Spatial Division Multiple Access (HC-SDMA) radio interface standard (ATIS-0700004-2005) by theAlliance for Telecommunications Industry Solutions (ATIS).The standard was prepared by ATIS’ Wireless Technology and Systems Committee's Wireless Wideband Internet Access subcommittee and accepted as an American National Standard in 2005.[3]
HC-SDMA was announced as considered byISO TC204 WG16 for the continuous communications standards architecture, known asCommunications, Air-interface, Long and Medium range (CALM), which ISO is developing forintelligent transport systems (ITS). ITS may include applications forpublic safety,network congestion management during traffic incidents, automatic toll booths, and more. An official liaison was established between WTSC and ISO TC204 WG16 for this in 2005.[3]
The HC-SDMA interface provides wide-area broadband wireless data-connectivity for fixed, portable and mobile computing devices and appliances. The protocol is designed to be implemented withsmart antenna array techniques (calledMIMO for multiple-input multiple-output) to substantially improve theradio frequency (RF) coverage, capacity and performance for the system.[4]In January 2006, the IEEE 802.20 Mobile Broadband Wireless Access Working Group adopted a technology proposal that included the use of the HC-SDMA standard for the 625kHz Multi-Carriertime-division duplex (TDD) mode of the standard. One Canadian vendor operates at 1.8 GHz.
The HC-SDMA interface operates on a similar premise ascellular phones, with hand-offs between HC-SDMA cells repeatedly providing the user with a seamless wirelessInternet access even when moving at the speed of a car or train.
The standard's proposed benefits:
Some technical details were:
The protocol:
The protocol also supportsLayer 3 (L3) mechanisms for creating and controlling logical connections (sessions) between client device and base including registration, stream start, power control, handover, link adaptation, and stream closure, as well as L3 mechanisms for client device authentication andsecure transmission on the data links.Currently deployed iBurst systems allow connectivity up to 2 Mbit/s for each subscriber equipment. Apparently there will be future firmware upgrade possibilities to increase these speeds up to 5 Mbit/s, consistent with HC-SDMA protocol.[citation needed]
The 802.20 working group was proposed in response to products using technology originally developed byArrayComm marketed under theiBurst brand name. TheAlliance for Telecommunications Industry Solutions adopted iBurst as ATIS-0700004-2005.[5][3]The Mobile Broadband Wireless Access (MBWA) Working Group was approved byIEEE Standards Board on December 11, 2002, to prepare a formal specification for a packet-based air interface designed forInternet Protocol-based services. At its height, the group had 175 participants.[6]
On June 8, 2006, the IEEE-SA Standards Board directed that all activities of the 802.20 Working Group be temporarily suspended until October 1, 2006.[7]The decision came from complaints of a lack of transparency, and that the group's chair, Jerry Upton, was favoringQualcomm.[8]The unprecedented step came after other working groups had also been subject to related allegations of large companies undermining the standard process.[9]Intel andMotorola had filed appeals, claiming they were not given time to prepare proposals.These claims were cited in a 2007 lawsuit filed byBroadcom against Qualcomm.[10]
On September 15, 2006, the IEEE-SA Standards Board approved a plan to enable the working group to move towards completion and approval by reorganizing.[11]The chair at the November 2006 meeting was Arnold Greenspan.[12]On July 17, 2007, the IEEE 802 Executive Committee along with its 802.20 Oversight Committee approved a change to voting in the 802.20 working group. Instead of a vote per attending individual, each entity would have a single vote.[13][14]
On June 12, 2008, the IEEE approved the base standard to be published.[1]Additional supporting standards included IEEE 802.20.2-2010, a protocol conformance statement, 802.20.3-2010, minimum performance characteristics, an amendment 802.20a-2010 for aManagement Information Base and some corrections, and amendment 802.20b-2010 to supportbridging.[15]
802.20 standard was put to hibernation in March 2011 due to lack of activity.[citation needed]
In 2004 another wireless standard group had been formed asIEEE 802.22, for wireless regional networks using unused television station frequencies.[16]Trials such as those in the Netherlands byT-Mobile International in 2004 were announced as "Pre-standard 802.20". These were based on anorthogonal frequency-division multiplexing technology known as FLASH-OFDM developed by Flarion[17] (since 2006 owned by Qualcomm).However, other service providers soon adopted 802.16e (the mobile version of WiMAX).[18]
In September 2008, theAssociation of Radio Industries and Businesses inJapan adopted the 802.20-2008 standard as ARIB STD-T97.Kyocera markets products supporting the standard under the iBurst name. As of March 2011[update], Kyocera claimed 15 operators offered service in 12 countries.[5]
Various options are already commercially available using:
iBurst was commercially available in twelve countries in 2011 includingAzerbaijan,Lebanon, andUnited States.[5][19][20]
iBurst (Pty) Ltd started operation inSouth Africa in 2005.[21]
iBurst Africa International provided the service inGhana in 2007, and then later inMozambique,Democratic Republic of the Congo andKenya.[22]
MoBif Wireless Broadband Sdn Bhd, started service inMalaysia in 2007, changing its name to iZZinet.[23] The provider ceased operations in March 2011.
InAustralia, Veritel and Personal Broadband Australia (a subsidiary of Commander Australia Limited), offered iBurst services however both have since been shut down after the increase of 3.5G and 4G mobile data services.BigAir acquired Veritel's iBurst customers in 2006,[24] and shut down the service in 2009.[25]Personal Broadband Australia's iBurst service was shut down in December 2008.
iBurstSouth Africa officially shut down on August 31, 2017.[26] Users were given a choice to keep their @iburst.co.za or @wbs.co.za. iBurst still keeps support staff available, however this is also expected to be shut down by the end of 2017 (no information about support remaining for the email addresses from iBurst has been given).
{{cite web}}:Missing or empty|url= (help){{cite book}}:|work= ignored (help)Cellular network standards | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0Gradio telephones (1946) | |||||||||
| 1G (1979) |
| ||||||||
| 2G (1991) |
| ||||||||
| 2G transitional (2.5G, 2.75G, 2.9G) |
| ||||||||
| 3G (1998) IMT-2000 (2001) |
| ||||||||
| 3G transitional (3.5G, 3.75G, 3.9G) |
| ||||||||
| 4G (2009) IMT Advanced (2013) |
| ||||||||
| 5G (2018) IMT-2020 (2021) |
| ||||||||
| Related articles | |||||||||
