IBM Quantum Platform

Type of site	Cloud-based quantum computing
Owner	IBM
URL	quantum.cloud.ibm.com
Registration	Required
Launched	May 2016; 9 years ago (2016-05)
Current status	Active

IBM Quantum Platform (previously known asIBM Quantum Experience) is an online platform allowing public and premium access tocloud-based quantum computing services provided byIBM. This includes access to a set of IBM's quantum processors, a set of tutorials on quantum computation, and access to interactive courses. As of June 2025, there are 12 devices on the service, all of which are freely accessible by the public.^[1] This service can be used to runalgorithms andexperiments, and exploretutorials andsimulations around what might be possible withquantum computing.

IBM's quantum processors are made up ofsuperconductingtransmonqubits, located indilution refrigerators at theIBM Research headquarters at theThomas J. Watson Research Center. Users interact with a quantum processor through thequantum circuit model of computation, typically through code written inQiskit. This code can be compiled down toOpenQASM for execution on real quantum systems.

Circuits can be created eithergraphically with the Quantum Composer, or programmatically throughJupyter notebooks on IBM's approved platforms forcloud-based quantum computing: qBraid and OVHCloud.^[2]

• The service was launched in May 2016 as the IBM Quantum Experience^[3] with a five-qubit quantum processor and matching simulator connected in a star shaped pattern. At this time, users could only interact with the hardware through the quantum composer GUI. Quantum circuits were also limited to the specific two-qubit gates available on the hardware.

• In July 2016, IBM launched the IBM Quantum Experience community forum. This was subsequently replaced by a Slack workspace.

• In January 2017, IBM made a number of additions to the IBM Quantum Experience,^[4] including increasing the set of two-qubit interactions available on the five-qubit quantum processor, expanding the simulator to custom topologies up to twenty qubits, and allowing users to interact with the device and simulator using quantum assembly language code.

• In March 2017, IBM releasedQiskit^[5] to enable users to more easily write code and run experiments on the quantum processor and simulator. A user guide for beginners was also added.

• In May 2017, IBM made an additional 16-qubit processor available on the IBM Quantum service.^[6]

• In January 2018, IBM launched a quantum awards program, which it hosted on the IBM Quantum Experience.^[7]

• In May 2019 a large overhaul of the service was made, including the addition of web-hosted Jupyter notebooks and integration with the online and interactive Qiskit textbook.^[8]

• After a redesign in March 2021, a greater distinction was made between the composer GUI and the Jupyter notebooks. TheIBM Quantum Experience name was retired in favour of the separate namesIBM Quantum Composer andIBM Quantum Lab.^[9] Now, it's collectively calledIBM Quantum Platform.

• In May 2024, the IBM Quantum Lab was sunset in favor of a serverless model. Users were directed to approved transition providers to access cloud-based notebook environments. The two transition providers identified were qBraid and OVHCloud.^[10]

The Quantum Composer is agraphic user interface (GUI) designed by IBM to allow users to construct variousquantum algorithms or run other quantum experiments. Users may see the results of their quantum algorithms by either running it on a real quantum processor or by using a simulator. Algorithms developed in the Quantum Composer are referred to as a "quantum score", in reference to the Quantum Composer resembling a musical sheet.^[11]

The composer can also be used in scripting mode, where the user can write programs in theOpenQASM-language instead. Below is an example of a very small program, built for IBMs 5-qubit computer. The program instructs the computer to generate aquantum state${\displaystyle |\mathrm{\Psi }⟩=\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\left(|000⟩+|111⟩\right)}$, a 3-qubitGHZ state, which can be thought of as a variant of theBell state, but with three qubits instead of two. It then measures the state, forcing it tocollapse to one of the two possible outcomes,${\displaystyle |000⟩}$ or${\displaystyle |111⟩}$.

include"qelib1.inc"qregq[5];// allocate 5 qubits (set automatically to |00000>)cregc[5];// allocate 5 classical bitshq[0];// Hadamard-transform qubit 0cxq[0],q[1];// conditional pauli X-transform (ie. "CNOT") of qubits 0 and 1// At this point we have a 2-qubit Bell state (|00> + |11>)/sqrt(2)cxq[1],q[2];// this expands entanglement to the 3rd qubitmeasureq[0]->c[0];// this measurement collapses the entire 3-qubit statemeasureq[1]->c[1];// therefore qubit 1 and 2 read the same value as qubit 0measureq[2]->c[2];

Every instruction in the QASM language is the application of aquantum gate, initialization of the chipsregisters to zero ormeasurement of these registers.

• In 2025, IBM reported that there were over 400,000 users of the IBM Quantum Platform, generating over 2,800 papers with research performed on the devices.^[12]

• A sample of the papers published using IBM Quantum hardware can be found here.^{[13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30]}

• IBM Quantum Platform

• IBM cloud services
• Quantum computing
• Quantum programming

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