| Jet Commander/Westwind | |
|---|---|
.jpg) The Westwind is a business aircraft with a mid-wing and two aft-mounted engines | |
| General information | |
| Type | Business jet |
| Manufacturer | Aero Commander Israel Aircraft Industries |
| Status | Limited service |
| Primary user | Pel-Air |
| Number built | 442 |
| History | |
| Manufactured | 1965–1987 |
| Introduction date | 1965 |
| First flight | 27 January 1963[1] |
| Developed from | Aero Commander 500 |
| Developed into | IAI Astra Gulfstream G100 |
TheIAI Westwind is abusiness jet initially produced byAero Commander as the1121 Jet Commander.Powered by twinGE CJ610 turbojets, it first flew on January 27, 1963, and received its type certification on November 4, 1964, before the first delivery.The program was bought byIsrael Aircraft Industries (IAI) in 1968, which stretched it slightly into the1123 Westwind, and then re-engined it withGarrett TFE731 turbofans into the1124 Westwind.The 16,800–23,500 lb (7.6–10.7 t)MTOW aircraft can carry up to 8 or 10 passengers, and 442 were produced until 1987.
| External image | |
|---|---|
 Business Machine of the Air – promotional film covering the early history of the aircraft |
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The Westwind was originally designed in the United States by Aero Commander as a development of its twin-propellernamesake aircraft, first flying on January 27, 1963, as the Aero Commander 1121 Jet Commander.[2]After successful testing, the aircraft was put into series production with deliveries to customers beginning in early 1965.[3]
After initial testing of the prototype, it was modified to production standard with an addition of 2.5 ft to the fuselage length and increased payload and maximum weights. The second prototype first flew on April 14, 1964, which was followed by the first production aircraft in November 1964. Type approval was awarded by theFAA in November, enabling the first customer delivery on January 11, 1965.
Shortly thereafter, Aero Commander was acquired byNorth American Rockwell. The Jet Commander created a problem, since Rockwell already had an executive jet of its own design, theSabreliner, and could not keep both in production because ofantitrust laws. Therefore, the company decided to sell off the rights to the Jet Commander, which were purchased by IAI in 1968.[3]
Jet Commander production amounted to 150 aircraft in the United States and Israel before IAI undertook a series of modifications to create the 1123 Westwind. These included stretching the fuselage and increasing maximum takeoff, maximum landing, and maximum zero-fuel weights, with the wing modified to incorporate double-slotted flaps and drooped leading edges and tip tanks. Thetrimmable horizontal stabiliser was also modified to have increased span and more travel.[4] Not long after the aircraft went into production, the originalGeneral Electric CJ610 turbojet engines were replaced by more fuel-efficientGarrett TFE731turbofans[3] Numerous airframe modifications also were made, such as drooped leading edges on the wings, a dorsal fin, revised engine pylons and nacelles, and further increases in maximum takeoff, maximum landing, and maximum zero-fuel weights. With improvements to a number of onboard systems incorporated, as well, these changes resulted in the 1124 Westwind[4] delivered from 1976.[3]
In 1976, in the wake of theterrorist takeover of the Savoy hotel in Tel Aviv, theIsraeli Air Force decided to use the Westwind as the basis for a maritime patrol aircraft, which became known as the IAI Sea Scan. It had originally been developed to meet a requirement for the United States Coast Guard to replace the Grumman HU-16 Albatross, but they selected theDassault Falcon instead.
In 1980, deliveries of the Model 1124A commenced; modifications included a new wing centre-section and the addition ofwinglets to the tips. The revamped aircraft was called the Westwind II, replacing the original design in production. IAI built its last Westwind in 1987, after a total of 442 Jet Commanders and Westwinds had been built, switching production to theAstra.[3]
By 2018, 1980s Westwind 1124s were priced from $300,000 to $700,000.[5]
The Jet Commander/Westwind was of broadly conventional business jet arrangement, with two engines mounted innacelles carried on the rear fuselage, but the wings were mounted halfway up the fuselage instead of the typical low-wing arrangement of aircraft in this class.
At FL310 and Mach 0.74 (436 kn; 808 km/h), the 1124 burns 1,600 lb (730 kg) per hour, and 1,200 lb (540 kg) at Mach 0.7 (413 kn; 764 km/h).[6]
| Model | Approved | Engines | Thrust | Mmo | Ceiling | MTOW | pax | fuel | Serials | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aero Commander | 1121 | Nov 4, 1964 | CJ610-1/-5 | 2,850–2,950 lbf 12.68–13.12 kN | 0.765 | 40,000 ft 12,192 m | 16,800–17,500 lb 7,620–7,938 kg | 8 | 926 US gal 3,505 L | 3-120 |
| 1121A[a] | Sep 19, 1967 | CJ610-1 | 2,850 lbf 12.68 kN | 41,000 ft 12,497 m[b] | 17,500 lb 7,938 kg | 1,090 US gal 4,126 L | 121-131 | |||
| 1121B | Apr 23, 1968 | CJ610-5 | 2,950 lbf 13.12 kN | 132-150 | ||||||
| IAI | 1123[c] | 8 Dec 1971 | CJ610-9[d] | 3,100 lbf 13.79 kN | 20,700 lb 9,389 kg | 10 | 1,300 US gal 4,921 L | 36 built[3] | ||
| 1124[e] | 17 Mar 1976 | TFE-731-3-1G | 3,700 lbf 16.46 kN | 45,000 ft 13,716 m | 23,500 lb 10,659 kg | 1,400 US gal 5,300 L | ||||
| 1124A[f] | Apr 17, 1980 | 0.785 |
The 1122 Type Certificate was cancelled, the two airplanes manufactured have been converted to model 1123.[4]The 1124N Sea Scan is a maritime surveillance aircraft, and the 1124 was renamed Westwind I after the introduction of the 1124A Westwind II.[3]The 1121C is an unofficial designation for 1121 aircraft modified under a Supplemental Type Certificate with an increased all-up weight available from 1971.[citation needed]The 1123 Westwind was stretched by 22 in (56 cm).[7]
Data fromJane's All The World's Aircraft 1982-83[13]
General characteristics
Performance
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