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Hybrid log–gamma

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
High dynamic range standard that was jointly developed by the BBC and NHK

Thehybrid log–gamma (HLG) transfer function is atransfer function jointly developed by theBBC andNHK forhigh dynamic range (HDR) display.[1] It is backward compatible with the transfer function of SDR (thegamma curve).[2] It was approved asARIB STD-B67 by theAssociation of Radio Industries and Businesses (ARIB).[1][3][4] It is also defined inATSC 3.0,Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB)UHD-1 Phase 2, andInternational Telecommunication Union (ITU)Rec. 2100.[5][6][7]

Chart showing a conventional SDR gamma curve and the hybrid log–gamma curve. HLG uses a logarithmic curve for the upper half of the signal values, which allows for a larger dynamic range.

HLG is anHDR format that uses the HLG transfer function,BT.2020color primaries and abitdepth of 10-bit.[8] HLG was designed to bebackward compatible withSDRUHDTV. However, HLG is not intended to be fully backward compatible with traditional SDR displays that cannot interpret BT.2020 colorimetry.[8][9]

Both HLG transfer function and the HLG format areroyalty-free.[2] The backward compatibility allows them to be used with existing transmission standards when the receiver is compatible with the BT.2020 colour container, reducing complexity and cost for both equipment manufacturers and content distributors.[1][10][9] They are supported byHDMI 2.0b,HEVC,VP9, andH.264/MPEG-4 AVC,[11][12][13][14] and are used by video services such asBBC iPlayer,DirecTV,Freeview Play, andYouTube.[15][16][17][18][19]

Description

[edit]

HLG is designed to be better-suited fortelevision broadcasting, where the metadata required for other HDR formats is notbackward compatible with non-HDR displays, consumes additionalbandwidth, and may also become out of sync or damaged in transmission. HLG defines a non-linearoptical-electro transfer function, in which the lower half of the signal values use agamma curve and the upper half of the signal values use alogarithmic curve.[20][21] In practice, the signal is interpreted as normal bystandard-dynamic-range displays (albeit capable of displaying more detail in highlights), but HLG-compatible displays can correctly interpret the logarithmic portion of the signal curve to provide a wider dynamic range.[22][23][24] In contrast with the other HDR formats it does not use metadata.[25]

The HLGtransfer function is backward compatible withSDR'sgamma curve. However, HLG is commonly used withRec. 2020color primaries which produce a de-saturated image with visiblehue shifts on non-compatible devices.[26] HLG is therefore backward compatible with SDR-UHDTV and will show color distortion on common SDR devices that only supportRec. 709 color primaries.[26]

Technical details

[edit]

HLG defines anonlineartransfer function in which the lower half of the signal values use agamma curve and the upper half of the signal values use alogarithmic curve.[4][27]

HLG reference OETF is as follows (as defined in ARIB STD-B67):

E′={rE 0≤E≤1,aln⁡(E−b)+c1<E{\displaystyle E'={\begin{cases}r\,{\sqrt {E}}\ &0\leq E\leq 1,\!\\a\ln(E-b)+c&1<E\end{cases}}}

or as follows (as defined inRec. 2100):[5]

E′={3E 0≤E≤112,aln⁡(12E−b)+c112<E≤1{\displaystyle E'={\begin{cases}{\sqrt {3E}}\ &0\leq E\leq {\frac {1}{12}},\!\\a\ln(12E-b)+c&{\frac {1}{12}}<E\leq 1\end{cases}}}

where

The signal value is 0.5 for the reference white level while the signal value for 1 has arelative luminance that is 12 times higher than the reference white level.[27] ARIB STD-B67 has a nominal range of 0 to 12.[28] HLG uses a logarithmic curve for the upper half of the signal values due toWeber's law.[27]

HLG reference OOTF is as follows:[5]

{FD=OOTF[E]=αYSγ−1ERD=αYSγ−1RSGD=αYSγ−1GSBD=αYSγ−1BSYS=0.2627RS+0.6780GS+0.0593BS{\displaystyle {\begin{cases}F_{D}=OOTF[E]=\alpha Y_{S}^{\gamma -1}E\!\\R_{D}=\alpha Y_{S}^{\gamma -1}R_{S}\!\\G_{D}=\alpha Y_{S}^{\gamma -1}G_{S}\!\\B_{D}=\alpha Y_{S}^{\gamma -1}B_{S}\!\\Y_{S}=0.2627R_{S}+0.6780G_{S}+0.0593B_{S}\end{cases}}}where

HLG reference EOTF is as follows:[5]

FD=OOTF[OETF−1[max(0,(1−β)E′+β)]]{\displaystyle F_{D}=OOTF[OETF^{-1}[max(0,(1-\beta )E'+\beta )]]}

where

HLG does not need to usemetadata since it is compatible with bothSDR displays andHDR displays.[1][3] HLG can be used with displays of differentbrightness in a wide range of viewing environments.[3]

Thedynamic range that can be perceived by thehuman eye in a single image is around 14stops.[27] AnSDR video display with a 2.4gamma curve and abit depth of 8-bits per sample can display a range of about 6 stops without visiblebanding.[27] Professional SDR video displays with a bit depth of 10-bits per sample extend that range to about 10 stops.[27] When HLG is displayed on a 2,000 cd/m2 display with a bit depth of 10-bits per sample it can display a range of 200,000:1 or 17.6 stops without visible banding.[27]

HLG increases thedynamic range of the video compared to a conventional gamma curve by using a logarithmic curve for the upper half of the signal values.[27] HLG also increases the dynamic range by not including the linear part of the conventional gamma curve used byRec. 601 andRec. 709.[29] The linear part of the conventional gamma curve was used to limit camera noise in low light video but is no longer needed withHDR cameras.[29]

HLG is supported inRec. 2100 with a nominal peak luminance of 1,000 cd/m2 and a system gamma value that can be adjusted depending on background luminance.[5][30]

HLG is supported inHEVC with a formula that is mathematically equivalent to ARIB STD-B67 but has a nominal range of 0 to 1 instead of 0 to 12:[28]

V={3⋅Lc0.5112≥Lc≥0,a⋅ln⁡(12Lc−b)+c1≥Lc>112{\displaystyle V={\begin{cases}{\sqrt {3}}\cdot L_{c}^{0.5}&{\frac {1}{12}}\geq L_{c}\geq 0,\!\\a\cdot \ln(12L_{c}-b)+c&1\geq L_{c}>{\frac {1}{12}}\end{cases}}}

where

  • Lc has a nominal range of 0 to 1 andV is the resulting nonlinear signal
  • the constantsa,b, andc are defined asa = 0.17883277,b = 1 - 4a = 0.28466892, andc = 0.5 -a ln(4a) = 0.55991073

History

[edit]

Inception

[edit]

On May 15, 2015, the BBC announced that they had begun work with the NHK to develop a joint HDR proposal that would be proposed to theInternational Telecommunication Union (ITU).[31] On June 9, 2015, HLG was proposed to the JCT-VC forHigh Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) and added to the June 2015 draft of the screen content coding extensions.[32][12]

Later that year,Sony showed HLG video on a modified HDR display at theSMPTE 2015 conference.[33][34]Colorfront announced that their Transkoder 2016 software would support HDR output using HLG.[35]LG announced that their 2015 4KOLED TVs would support HDR from HLG andperceptual quantizer (PQ).[36]Blackmagic Design released an update forDaVinci Resolve that added support for HLG.

SKY PerfecTV! announced that they will use HLG to transmit 4KUHDTV HDR programming to their satellite subscribers in Japan.[37][38]Harmonic Inc. andNASA announced the HDR capture of anAtlas V launch which was broadcast the next day onNASA TV using HLG.[39]Vatican Television Center broadcast the ceremony of the Holy Door using HLG and theRec. 2020 color space.[40]

2016

[edit]

Industry bodies:

  • TheUltra HD Forum announced their guidelines for UHD Phase A which includes support for HLG.[41][42] The Ultra HD Forum also defined HLG with a bit depth of 10-bits, and the Rec. 2020 color space.[42]
  • The ITU announcedRec. 2100 which defines two HDR transfer functions which are HLG and PQ.[5][30]
  • Digital UK published their 2017 specification forFreeview Play which includes support for HDR using HLG.[16]
  • TheDigital Video Broadcasting (DVB) Steering Board approved UHD-1 Phase 2 with an HDR solution that supports HLG and PQ.[6][43] The specification has been published as DVB Bluebook A157 and will be published by theETSI as TS 101 154 v2.3.1.[6][43]
  • HDMI announced that HLG support had been added to the HDMI 2.0b standard.[11][44][45]

Hardware:

  • Leader Electronics Corporation announced their12G-SDI waveform monitors with support for HLG.[46]
  • Harmonic Inc. released an update for the ViBE 4K UHD encoder that added support for HLG.[47]
  • Canon Inc. announced that they will release firmware updates for the DP-V2410 and DP-V3010 reference displays to add support for HLG.[48]
  • Sony announced the PVM-X550 OLED monitor with support for HLG.[49] Sony also announced a firmware update for the BVM-X300 OLED monitor to add support for HLG.[49]
  • Sony announced that in October they would release a firmware update to add HLG to their BVM-X300 OLED monitor.[50]
  • Sony announced that their VPL-VW675ES projector would support HLG.[51]
  • The Trusted Reviews website reported thatSamsung had told them that all of their 2016 HDR TVs could support HLG with a firmware update.[52]
  • Atomos updated theirShogun Inferno product to include HLG input and output for recording, monitoring, editing and layout from cameras and computers as well as to HLG compatible TVs.[53]

Software:

Broadcasters:

  • Dome Productions announced that they will begin trials of HLG to deliver HDR content.[57]
  • SKY Perfect JSAT Group announced that on October 4 they will start the world's first 4K HDR broadcasts using HLG.[58]
  • Eutelsat announced that it will launch a new channel using HLG.[59]
  • Google announced thatYouTube will start streaming HDR videos which can be encoded with HLG or PQ.[60][15]
  • TheBBC announced that it was adding a 4-minute HLG edit from theirPlanet Earth II series to itsBBC iPlayer IPTV platform for public UHD testing.[61]
  • Mediapro/Overon announced that they will transmit the Spanish Football League (LFP) worldwide using 4K HDR broadcasts based in HLG

2017

[edit]

Industry bodies:

  • ATSC released the video standard forATSC 3.0 which includes support for HLG.[7]

Hardware:

  • LG Corporation announced that their 2017 Super UHD TVs will support HLG.[62]
  • Panasonic announced that their 2017 OLED TV will support HLG.[63]
  • Sony announced that their 2017 OLED TVs will support HLG.[64]
  • JVC announced that their 2017 4K projectors will support HLG.[65]
  • LG Corporation announced that they will add support for HLG to their 2016 OLED TVs and their 2016 Super UHD TVs with a firmware update.[66]
  • Sony announced that they will add support for HLG to their 2017 4K TVs with a firmware update.[67]
  • Panasonic announced that they will add support for HLG to several models of their 2016 4K TVs with a firmware update.[68]
  • Philips announced that their 2017 4K TVs will support HLG and that they will add support for HLG to several models of their 2016 4K TVs with a firmware update.[69]
  • Sony began releasing firmware updates for several of their 2016 and 2017 Android TV models which adds support for HLG.[70]
  • Panasonic released firmware update 2.0 for thePanasonic Lumix DC-GH5 which added support for HLG recording.[71]
  • Panasonic began releasing firmware updates for several of their 2016 TV models which adds support for HLG.[72]
  • Qualcomm announced theQualcomm Snapdragon 845 which includes support for HLG.[73]

Software:

Broadcasters:

  • Eutelsat announced that theirHot Bird video service would include theTravelxp 4K channel which uses HLG.[76]
  • The BBC announced thatBlue Planet II would be available in 4K HDR on theBBC iPlayer using HLG.[17] Blue Planet II will be available on the BBC iPlayer service from December 10, 2017 to January 16, 2018.[77] The BBC states that almost 400 TV models have support for HLG which includes TV models fromFinlux,Hisense, Hitachi, LG, Panasonic, Philips, Samsung, Sony, and Toshiba.[17][77]
  • DirecTV began broadcasting HLG HDR on their 4K Channels 104 and 106.[18][19]

2018

[edit]
  • Vizio announced HLG support for their 2018 models.[78]

2019

[edit]
  • Panasonic announced HLG support in their S1 and S1R full frame mirrorless cameras which will be released in March 2019.[79]

2020

[edit]
  • Sky UK announced that their popularSky Q box will get HLG support from May 27, 2020.[80]
  • Apple released theiPhone 12 series with HLG video recording support viaDolby Vision profile 8.4, which adds a Dolby Vision metadata layer on top of HLG footage.[81]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
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External links

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Standard- and high-dynamic-range color representation
HDR (high dynamic range)
Formats
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Technology
Transfer functions
Color primaries
Metadata
Signal format
Compatible codecs
Video
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SDR (standard dynamic range)
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