Species of virus
Human coronavirus 229E (HCoV-229E ,Alphacoronavirus chicagoense [ 1] coronavirus which infects humans and bats.[ 2] enveloped ,positive-sense ,single-stranded RNA virus which enters its host cell by binding to theAPN receptor .[ 3] Human coronavirus OC43 (a member of theBetacoronavirus common cold .[ 4] [ 5] Alphacoronavirus Duvinacovirus .[ 6] [ 7]
HCoV-229E transmits via droplet-respiration andfomites .
HCoV-229E is associated with a range ofrespiratory symptoms , ranging from thecommon cold to high-morbidity outcomes such aspneumonia andbronchiolitis . However, such highmorbidity outcomes are almost always seen in cases withco-infection with otherrespiratory pathogens ; there is a single published and a single unpublished case to date of a 229E infection that causedacute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in an otherwise healthy patient having no detectable co-infection with anotherpathogen .[ 8] human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV).[ 9] [ 10] [ 11]
HCoV-229E is one of the seven human coronaviruses which includeHCoV-NL63 ,HCoV-OC43 ,HCoV-HKU1 ,MERS-CoV ,SARS-CoV-1 , andSARS-CoV-2 and are globally distributed.[ 12] [ 13] [ 14] [ 15] [ 16] NCBI -study found a previous HCoV-229E infection in 42.9% – 50.0% of children of 6–12 months of age and in 65% of those 2.5–3.5 years of age.[ 17]
HCoV-229E is one of seven known coronaviruses to infect humans. The other six are:[ 18]
A researcher at theUniversity of Chicago , Dorothy Hamre, first identified 229E in 1965.[ 19] [ 20]
In 2021 theInternational Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) approved a new system of naming viruses, by using binomial names.[ 21] Alphacoronavirus chicagoense .[ 22]
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Phylogenetic analysis of RNA-dependent RNA polymerases (Pol) of coronaviruses with complete genome sequences available. The tree was constructed by the neighbor-joining method and rooted using Breda virus polyprotein. ^ Vassilara, F.; Spyridaki, A.; Pothitos, G.; Deliveliotou, A.; Papadopoulos, A. (2018)."A Rare Case of Human Coronavirus 229E Associated with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome in a Healthy Adult" .Case Reports in Infectious Diseases .2018 :1– 4.doi :10.1155/2018/6796839 PMC 5925015 PMID 29850307 . ^ Pene, F.; Merlat, A.; Vabret, A.; Rozenberg, F.; Buzyn, A.; Dreyfus, F.; Cariou, A.; Freymuth, F.; Lebon, P. (2003)."Coronavirus 229E-related pneumonia in immunocompromised patients" .Clinical Infectious Diseases .37 (7):929– 932.doi :10.1086/377612 .PMC 7107892 PMID 13130404 . ^ Vabret, A.; Mourez, T.; Gouarin, S.; Petitjean, J.; Freymuth, F. (2003)."An outbreak of coronavirus OC43 respiratory infection in Normandy, France" .Clinical Infectious Diseases .36 (8):985– 989.doi :10.1086/374222 .PMC 7109673 PMID 12684910 . ^ Woo, P. C.; Lau, S. K.; Tsoi, H. W.; Huang, Y.; Poon, R. W.; Chu, C. M.; Lee, R. A.; Luk, W. K.; Wong, G. K.; Wong, B. H.; Cheng, V. C.; Tang, B. S.; Wu, A. K.; Yung, R. W.; Chen, H.; Guan, Y.; Chan, K. H.; Yuen, K. Y. (2005)."Clinical and molecular epidemiological features of coronavirus HKU1-associated community-acquired pneumonia" .The Journal of Infectious Diseases .192 (11):1898– 2707.doi :10.1086/497151 .PMC 7110183 PMID 16267760 . ^ Fields, B. N., D. M. Knipe, and P. M. Howley (ed.). 1996. Fields virology, 3rd ed. Lippincott-Raven, Philadelphia, PA. ^ Van Der Hoek, L.; Pyrc, K.; Berkhout, B. 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