Huldah (Hebrew:חֻלְדָּהḤuldā) is aprophetess mentioned in theHebrew Bible in2 Kings 22:14–20 and2 Chronicles 34:22–28. After the discovery of a book of theLaw during renovations atSolomon's Temple, on the order of KingJosiah,Hilkiah together withAhikam,Acbor,Shaphan andAsaiah approach her to seek theLord's opinion.
She was the wife ofShallum son of Tokhath (also called Tikvah), son ofHarhas (also called Hasrah), keeper of the wardrobe. She lived inJerusalem, in the Second District or Second Quarter. TheKing James Version of the Bible calls this quarter "the college", and theNew International Version calls it "the new quarter".[1]
According to Rabbinic interpretation, Huldah andDeborah were the principal professed woman prophets in theNevi'im (Prophets) portion of theHebrew Bible, although Miriam is referred to as such in theTorah and an unnamed prophetess is mentioned in Isaiah.[2] "Huldah" derives from the Hebrewlemma חלד, meaning to abide or to continue.[3]
TheHuldah Gates in theSouthern Wall of theTemple Mount are named for her.[4]
The account in 2 Kings 22 recounts the consulting of Huldah as follows:
He gave these orders to Hilkiah the priest, Ahikam son of Shaphan, Akbor son of Micaiah, Shaphan the secretary, and Asaiah the king's attendant: "Go and inquire of the Lord for me and the people and all Judah about what is written in this book that has been found. Great is the Lord's anger that burns against us because those who have gone before us have not obeyed the words of this book; they have not acted by all that is written there concerning us."
Hilkiah the priest, Ahikam, Akbor, Shaphan, and Asaiah went to speak to the prophet Huldah, who was the wife of Shallum son of Tikvah, the son of Harhas, keeper of the wardrobe. She lived in Jerusalem, in the New Quarter.
She said to them, "This is what the Lord, the God of Israel, says: Tell the man who sent you to me, 'This is what the Lord says: I am going to bring disaster on this place and its people, according to everything written in the book the king of Judah has read.'"[5]
After authenticating the book and prophesying a future of destruction for failure to follow it, Huldah concludes by reassuring KingJosiah that due to his piety, God has heard his prayer and "thou shalt be gathered unto thy grave in peace, neither shall thy eyes see all the evil which I shall bring upon this place".[6]
Huldah's prophetic oracle identifies the words the King of Judah heard (2 Kings 22:18) with whatYahweh had spoken (2 Kings 22:19). According to William E. Phipps, Huldah is the first person to declare certain writings to be Holy Scripture.[7]
Huldah appears in theHebrew Bible only in nine verses,2 Kings 22:13–20,2 Chronicles 34:22–28. This short narrative is sufficient to make clear that Huldah was regarded as a prophet accustomed to speaking the word of God directly to high priests and royal officials, to whom high officials came in supplication, who told kings and nations of their fates, who had the authority to determine what was and was not the genuine Law, and who spoke in a manner of stern command when acting as a prophet. Nonetheless, the Bible does not offer the sort of background information it typically does with other pivotal prophets. Indeed, we are left knowing more about her husband's background than we know of hers, and the little information we know of her personality is largely about her husband.
According to Rabbinic interpretation, Huldah said to the messengers of King Josiah, "Tell the man that sent you to me ..." (2 Kings 22:15), indicating by her unceremonious language that as far as she was concerned, Josiah was like any other man. The king addressed her, and not Jeremiah because he believed that women are more easily stirred to pity than men and that therefore she would be more likely than would Jeremiah to intercede with God on his behalf (Meg. 14a, b; comp. Seder 'Olam R. xxi.). Huldah was a relative of Jeremiah, both being descendants of Rahab by her marriage with Joshua (Sifre, Num. 78; Meg. 14a, b). While Jeremiah admonished and preached repentance to the men, Huldah did the same to the women (Pesiḳ. R. 26 [ed. Friedmann, p. 129]). Huldah was not only a prophet but taught publicly in the school (Targum to2 Kings 22:14), according to some teaching, especially the oral doctrine.
Two conflicting traditions exist regarding the final resting place of Huldah. TheTosefta records Huldah's burial site as between the walls of Jerusalem. During theMiddle Ages, a second tradition developed identifying Huldah's burial site with a cave carved out of the rock beneath a mosque on theMount of Olives (seeChapel of the Ascension, Jerusalem).[8] In Christianity and Islam, the burial is associated with two different holy women from those respective religions.
בתוספתא מסופר אמנם במפורש כי חולדה הנביאה נקברה בירושלים שבין החומות, אולם המסורת העממית מימי הביניים ואילך מצביעה על קברה דווקא בהר הזיתים – חצוב בסלע בתוך מרתף של מסגד בתחום הכפר א-טור.[In the addendum, it is stated explicitly that Huldah the prophetess was buried in Jerusalem between the walls, but popular tradition from the Middle Ages onwards points to her grave on the Mount of Olives - carved out of the rock in the basement of a mosque in the area ofat-Tur village.]
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