| Hui'an | |
|---|---|
| 惠安话 /惠安話 | |
| Native to | China |
| Region | Mainly inHui'an and parts ofQuangang District (formerly part of Hui'an),South Fujian province. |
Early forms | |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | – |
| Glottolog | None |
| Linguasphere | 79-AAA-jda |
TheHui'an dialect (simplified Chinese:惠安话;traditional Chinese:惠安話;Pe̍h-ōe-jī:Hūi-oaⁿ-ōe) is avariety of Chinese mostly spoken inHui'an in SouthFujian Province,China. It belongs to theHokkien subgroup ofSouthern Min.[4]
The Hui'an dialect has 14 phonemic initials and over 80 finals.[5][6]
| Bilabial | Alveolar | Velar | Glottal | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| plain | sibilant[b] | |||||
| Plosive/ Affricate | tenuis | /p/ 布 | /t/ 大 | /ts/ 左 | /k/ 歌 | /ʔ/ 乌 /烏 |
| aspirated | /pʰ/ 坡 | /tʰ/ 兔 | /tsʰ/ 菜 | /kʰ/ 去 | ||
| voiced[c] | /b/ 马 /馬 | /l/[d] 旅 | /ɡ/ 鹅 /鵝 | |||
| Fricative | /s/ 苏 /蘇 | /h/ 鱼 /魚 | ||||
| /i/ | /ĩ/ | /iʔ/ | /ĩʔ/ | ||||||||||
| /u/ | /uʔ/ | /un/ | /ut/ | ||||||||||
| /a/ | /ã/ | /au/ | /aʔ/ | /ãʔ/ | /auʔ/ | /ãuʔ/ | /am/ | /an/ | /aŋ/ | /ap/ | /at/ | /ak/ | |
| /ai/ | /ãi/ | /ãiʔ/ | |||||||||||
| /e/ | /ẽ/ | /eʔ/ | /ẽʔ/ | /em/ | /en/ | /eŋ/ | /ep/ | /et/ | |||||
| /o/ | /oʔ/ | ||||||||||||
| /ɔ/ | /ɔ̃/ | /ɔ̃ʔ/ | /ɔŋ/ | /ɔk/ | |||||||||
| /ɯ/ | /ɯʔ/ | ||||||||||||
| /ə/ | /əʔ/ | /ən/ | /ət/ | ||||||||||
| /iu/ | /iũ/ | /iuʔ/ | /iũʔ/ | ||||||||||
| /ia/ | /iã/ | /iau/ | /iãu/ | /iaʔ/ | /iãʔ/ | /iauʔ/ | /iãuʔ/ | /iaŋ/ | /iak/ | ||||
| /io/ | /ioʔ/ | ||||||||||||
| /iɔŋ/ | /iɔk/ | ||||||||||||
| /ui/ | /uĩ/ | /uiʔ/ | /uĩʔ/ | ||||||||||
| /ua/ | /uã/ | /uai/ | /uãi/ | /uaʔ/ | /uãiʔ/ | /uan/ | /uaŋ/ | /uat/ | |||||
| /ue/ | /ueʔ/ | ||||||||||||
| /m̩ʔ/ | /m̩/ | ||||||||||||
| /ŋ̍ʔ/ | /ŋ̍/ |
The demonstrative system has five pairs of pronouns with a two-way distinction:[9][10]
| Proximal | Distal | Translation |
|---|---|---|
| 这 /這tsit7 (+ number) + numerative | 彼hit7 (+ number) + numerative | this/that; these/those; this/that kind of |
| 这 /這tsat8 | 彼hat8 | this/that |
| 这 /這tse2 | 彼hə2 | this/that kind of (generic) |
| 遮 tsuai2 | 徊 huai2 | these/those; this/that |
| 种个 /種個 tsiɔŋ3-2 e2 | 响个 /響個 hiɔŋ3-2 e2 | this/that kind of |
Compared with theQuanzhou dialect (spoken in the centralurban area ofQuanzhou city), the greatest differences are present in the rimes:[11][12]
| Hui'an | Quanzhou | Example | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Hui'an | Quanzhou | ||
| /em/ | /iam/ | 粘 | |
| /lem˨˦/ | /liam˨˦/ | ||
| /im/ | 林 | ||
| /lem˨˦/ | /lim˨˦/ | ||
| /ep/ | /iap/ | 接 | |
| /tsep˥/ | /tsiap˥/ | ||
| /ip/ | 执 /執 | ||
| /tsep˥/ | /tsip˥/ | ||
| /en/ | /ian/ | 烟 /煙 | |
| /en˧/ | /ian˧/ | ||
| /in/ | 因 | ||
| /en˧/ | /in˧/ | ||
| /et/ | /iat/ | 浙 | |
| /tset˥/ | /tsiat˥/ | ||
| /it/ | 质 /質 | ||
| /tset˥/ | /tsit˥/ | ||
| /eŋ/ | /iŋ/ | 兵 | |
| /peŋ˧/ | /piŋ˧/ | ||
| /ən/ | /un/ | 银 /銀 | |
| /gən˨˦/ | /gun˨˦/ | ||
| /ət/ | /ut/ | 核 | |
| /hət˨˧/ | /hut˨˦/ | ||
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