Songjiang 松江区 | |
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 Songjiang in Shanghai | |
| Country | People's Republic of China |
| Municipality | Shanghai |
| Area | |
• Total | 605.64 km2 (233.84 sq mi) |
| Population (2020) | |
• Total | 1,909,713 |
| • Density | 3,153.2/km2 (8,166.8/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+8 (China Standard) |
| Songjiang, Shanghai | |||||||||
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 Songjiang Square Pagoda, first built between 1068 and 1077 and restored in 1980 as Fangta Park, one of the first reassertions oftraditional Chinese architecture after theCultural Revolution | |||||||||
| SongjiangDistrict | |||||||||
| Traditional Chinese | 松江區 | ||||||||
| Simplified Chinese | 松江区 | ||||||||
| Literal meaning | Pine River District | ||||||||
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| SongjiangCounty | |||||||||
| Traditional Chinese | 松江縣 | ||||||||
| Simplified Chinese | 松江县 | ||||||||
| Literal meaning | Pine River County | ||||||||
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| SongjiangPrefecture | |||||||||
| Chinese | 松江府 | ||||||||
| Postal | Sungkiang Sungkiang Foo | ||||||||
| Literal meaning | Pine River Prefecture | ||||||||
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| HuatingCounty | |||||||||
| Traditional Chinese | 華亭縣 | ||||||||
| Simplified Chinese | 华亭县 | ||||||||
| Literal meaning | Ornate Pavilian County | ||||||||
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Songjiang is a suburbandistrict (formerly a county) ofShanghai. It has a land area of 605.64 km2 (233.84 sq mi) and a population of 1,909,713 (2020).[1][2] Owing to a long history, Songjiang is known as the cultural root of Shanghai.[3]
Songjiang Town, the urban center of the district, was formerly the major city in the area. It is now connected to downtown Shanghai byLine 9 of theShanghai Metro.
Theprehistoric coastline of theEast China Sea was much farther inland, atXinzhuang near Songjiang's current eastern border withMinhang District. It was only gradually that silt from theYangtze River filled in downtown Shanghai about 2000 years ago and thenPudong andChongming Island over the last 1000 years.
Modernarchaeology has established a chronology of the main cultural groups who lived in the present area of Songjiang District inNeolithic China: theMajiabang in the 5th millenniumBC), theSongze in the 4th millennium BC), and theLiangzhu in the 3rd millennium BC. The Majiabang were among thefirst harvesters ofrice and kept domesticatedpigs while still frequently huntingdeer. The Liangzhu possessed a high stratified society that almost certainly represented one of the earliest states inEast Asia. The Liangzhu site atGuangfulin in Songjiang has been developed into Guangfulin Relics Park, an expansive museum and tourist attraction.
Traditional Chinese historiography only recorded these people as among theBaiyue—the "Numerous Southern Barbarians"—until the growth of thesiniticizedWu Kingdom atSuzhou in the 1st millennium BC. During theSpring and Autumn period at the end of theZhou and under theWarring States, the area of present-day Songjiang passed from Wu toYue toChu before theunification of China underShi Huangdi ofQin in the 3rd century BC.
In theThree Kingdoms period that followed the end of theHan in the 3rd century AD,Sun Quan'sWu Kingdom helped develop and further signify the area. Another boost came from the completion of theGrand Canal under theSui, linking Songjiang withHangzhou,Shaoxing, andNingbo in the south andSuzhou,Luoyang,Xi'an, andBeijing in the north. By the mid-Tang, the region had developed enough that it was organized in 751 intoHuating County, the firstcounty-level administration within modern-day Shanghai.
In the 1250s at the end of theSouthern Song, the 10-year-old Songjiangese girlHuang Daopo fled her hometown and anarranged marriage to live with theHlai onHainan. She returned around 1295 with new strains ofcotton, an earlycotton gin, and other advances to cotton cultivation and processing that made the sandy lands of eastern Huating County so much more prosperous that Huang was laterdeified out of gratitude. By the mid-Qing, as much as ¾ of Songjiang's farmland was devoted to cotton.[4] Under theYuan, this new wealth saw Huating elevated toprefectural status and renamedSongjiangfu. This is sometimes considered the origin of China's moderntextile industry. It was also under the Yuan that the city first had enoughHui to establishShanghai's first mosque.
In 1404, headwaters previously emptying into the Wusong were rerouted by local officials, diminishing the size ofSuzhou Creek and expanding theHuangpu River to its modern importance. Songjiang was better fortified under theMing in response to attacks by theJapanese"Wokou" pirates, who sometimes raided and sometimes occupied to the town. The Ming also saw theJesuits—who counted the influentialShanghainese officialXu Guangqi among their converts—establish the town's first known church. Owing to the importance ofPortuguese andLatin at the time, the town's name was romanizedSumkiam.
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FollowingDorgon's 21 July 1645 edict mandating thequeue, the people of Songjiang rose up against theQing to protect their hair, viewed as a symbol of virility andfilial piety.Li Chengdong (李成東, d. 1649) retook the city and massacred its population on 22 September 1645. Nonetheless, Songjiang remained the primary metropolis of the area of present-day Shanghai as late as the mid-19th century, when its name was typicallyromanized asSungkiang. It continued to serve as the prefectural capital under the "Right" Governor ofJiangnan based inSuzhou and then later under the governor ofJiangsu at Jiangning (nowNanjing). Unlike theforeign-held area of Shanghai, however, it fell to rebels during theTaiping Rebellion'sEastern Expedition. About a hundred Europeans underFrederick Townsend Ward failed to retake the town in June 1860. After gathering more Westerners, over 80Philippine "Manilamen", and several pieces ofartillery, a second assault in July 1860 retook the town with heavy losses. Out of about 250 men, 62 were killed and about 100 wounded, including Ward. Songjiang was then used by Ward,Henry Andres Burgevine, theirEver-Victorious Army, andCheng Xueqi's division of theHuai Army as a base for raids and attacks on other Taiping positions underLi Xiucheng throughout the "Battle of Shanghai".
Despite Shanghai's greater importance by the beginning of the 20th century, its international settlement meant Songjiang was still used as the formal center of Chinese government for the region. Under theRepublic of China, theZhili clique leaderSun Chuanfang'sSonghu (淞滬市) orSongjiang Special Administrative District covered most of what is now Shanghai Municipality, extending as far north asChongming Island.[5]
_now_in_Shanghai_(2674774585).jpg)
DuringWorld War II,Japanoccupied Songjiang from 9 November 1937 until 1945. Afterwards, both the Nationalist and Communist regional government was moved to Shanghai proper, leaving Songjiang a comparatively rural county. The city's many ancient religious structures and examples of traditional architecture were seriously damaged during the 1960s and 1970s amid theCultural Revolution. Following the PRC'sOpening Up Policy, Songjiang restored its more important religious buildings and developed into acollege town hosting several large universities. In 1998, it was elevated to its current status as anurban district.
Some of the notable features in Songjiang District include:
Cultural sights in Songjiang include:
The People's Government of Songjiang, Shanghai is located on No. 1 Yuanzhong Road.[9]
TheShanghai Women's Prison is in Songjiang District.[10]
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Songjiang District is located approximately 25 kilometers (16 mi) fromHongqiao International Airport and 70 kilometers (43 mi) fromPudong International Airport. Songjiang is currently served by one metro line operated byShanghai Metro, one suburban line operated byChina Railway, and two tram lines.
Songjiang District has six subdistricts, eleven towns and three special township-level divisions.
| Name[12] | Chinese (S) | Hanyu Pinyin | Shanghainese Romanization | Population (2010)[13] | Area (km2) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yueyang Subdistrict | 岳阳街道 | Yuèyáng Jiēdào | ngoq yan ka do | 112,671 | 5.65 |
| Yongfeng Subdistrict | 永丰街道 | Yǒngfēng Jiēdào | ion fon ka do | 93,330 | 24.53 |
| Zhongshan Subdistrict | 中山街道 | Zhōngshān Jiēdào | tzon se ka do | 98,888 | 26.34 |
| Fangsong Subdistrict | 方松街道 | Fāngsōng Jiēdào | faon son ka do | 414,548 | 14.76 |
| Guangfulin Subdistrict | 广富林街道 | Guǎngfùlín Jiēdào | kuaon fu lin ka do | 19.05 | |
| Jiuliting Subdistrict | 九里亭街道 | Jiǔlǐtíng Jiēdào | cioe lij din ka do | 6.79 | |
| Chedun town | 车墩镇 | Chēdūn Zhèn | tsau ten tzen | 167,687 | 45.30 |
| Dongjing town | 洞泾镇 | Dòngjīng Zhèn | don cin tzen | 57,861 | 24.51 |
| Jiuting town | 九亭镇 | Jiǔtíng Zhèn | cioe din tzen | 147,398 | 26.13 |
| Maogang town | 泖港镇 | Mǎogǎng Zhèn | mo kaon tzen | 41,626 | 57.62 |
| Sheshan town | 佘山镇 | Shéshān Zhèn | sau se tzen | 32,295 | 55.70 |
| Shihudang town | 石湖荡镇 | Shíhúdàng Zhèn | zaq wu daon tzen | 44,011 | 44.28 |
| Sijing town | 泗泾镇 | Sìjīng Zhèn | sy cin tzen | 94,279 | 23.98 |
| Xiaokunshan town | 小昆山镇 | Xiǎokūnshān Zhèn | sio khuen se tzen | 51,606 | 30.52 |
| Xinbang town | 新浜镇 | Xīnbāng Zhèn | sin pan tzen | 33,627 | 44.75 |
| Xinqiao town | 新桥镇 | Xīnqiáo Zhèn | sin djio tzen | 155,856 | 31.43 |
| Yexie town | 叶榭镇 | Yèxiè Zhèn | yiq zia tzen | 80,104 | 72.49 |
| Sheshan Resort | 佘山度假区 | Shéshān Dùjiàqū | sau se du ka chiu | 42,583 | 64.08 |
| Shanghai Songjiang Export Processing Zone | 上海松江出口加工区 | Shànghǎi Sōngjiāng Chūkǒu Jiāgōngqū | zaon he son kaon tseq khoe ka kon chiu | 60,797 | 2.98 |
| Songjiang Industrial Zone | 松江工业区 | Sōngjiāng Gōngyèqū | son kaon kon gniq chiu | 43.69 |
| Climate data for Songjiang District, elevation 8 m (26 ft), (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1951–present) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 23.3 (73.9) | 27.0 (80.6) | 31.8 (89.2) | 33.1 (91.6) | 37.9 (100.2) | 37.6 (99.7) | 40.3 (104.5) | 41.2 (106.2) | 37.0 (98.6) | 36.0 (96.8) | 29.7 (85.5) | 24.0 (75.2) | 41.2 (106.2) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 8.5 (47.3) | 10.7 (51.3) | 15.5 (59.9) | 21.3 (70.3) | 26.0 (78.8) | 28.6 (83.5) | 33.5 (92.3) | 33.0 (91.4) | 28.8 (83.8) | 23.8 (74.8) | 18.1 (64.6) | 11.3 (52.3) | 21.6 (70.9) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 4.9 (40.8) | 6.7 (44.1) | 10.8 (51.4) | 16.2 (61.2) | 21.4 (70.5) | 24.7 (76.5) | 29.3 (84.7) | 29.1 (84.4) | 24.9 (76.8) | 19.7 (67.5) | 14.0 (57.2) | 7.2 (45.0) | 17.4 (63.3) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 2.0 (35.6) | 3.5 (38.3) | 7.2 (45.0) | 12.3 (54.1) | 17.7 (63.9) | 21.9 (71.4) | 26.2 (79.2) | 26.3 (79.3) | 22.0 (71.6) | 16.2 (61.2) | 10.6 (51.1) | 3.9 (39.0) | 14.2 (57.5) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −10.5 (13.1) | −9.0 (15.8) | −5.2 (22.6) | −1.5 (29.3) | 5.8 (42.4) | 12.0 (53.6) | 17.0 (62.6) | 17.8 (64.0) | 10.2 (50.4) | 1.0 (33.8) | −3.6 (25.5) | −8.7 (16.3) | −10.5 (13.1) |
| Averageprecipitation mm (inches) | 70.4 (2.77) | 66.2 (2.61) | 96.5 (3.80) | 85.1 (3.35) | 94.9 (3.74) | 206.4 (8.13) | 135.7 (5.34) | 171.9 (6.77) | 107.8 (4.24) | 66.0 (2.60) | 58.2 (2.29) | 50.8 (2.00) | 1,209.9 (47.64) |
| Average precipitation days(≥ 0.1 mm) | 11.1 | 10.5 | 13.2 | 11.9 | 11.8 | 14.5 | 11.4 | 12.3 | 10.2 | 7.4 | 9.1 | 8.5 | 131.9 |
| Average snowy days | 2.1 | 1.7 | 0.6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.2 | 0.7 | 5.3 |
| Averagerelative humidity (%) | 76 | 75 | 74 | 73 | 75 | 81 | 79 | 79 | 78 | 75 | 76 | 73 | 76 |
| Mean monthlysunshine hours | 109.3 | 112.8 | 138.6 | 162.5 | 168.6 | 123.0 | 204.8 | 200.7 | 159.7 | 154.7 | 127.2 | 123.6 | 1,785.5 |
| Percentagepossible sunshine | 34 | 36 | 37 | 42 | 40 | 29 | 48 | 49 | 43 | 44 | 40 | 39 | 40 |
| Source:China Meteorological Administration[14][15] all-time September Record High[16] All-time October high[17] | |||||||||||||
Xilin Chan Temple is aBuddhist temple in Yueyang Subdistrict, which is also a famous tourist attraction.
Zuibaichi is one of the five ancient Chinese gardens in Shanghai that dates back to theSong dynasty.
TheSongjiang Mosque is the oldest mosque in Shanghai with its latest rebuild in 1391.
Songjiang's emblematic tower is the 9-story Fangta Pagoda, orSongjiang Square Pagoda.
Dacang Bridge is a historic stone arch bridge over the Old City River in the district.
Songjiang Tangjing Building is located in the Zhongshan Primary School, Songjiang District and it is the oldest surviving above-ground relic in Shanghai built in 859 AD.
Sheshan Basilica is a Roman Catholic church built on Sheshan Hill in the Romanesque architectural style. Originally constructed in 1863, the current church was finished in 1935.
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Birthplace:Han Bangqing, author ofThe Sing-song Girls of Shanghai (Lou County, Songjiang Prefecture)[18]
Heroes: Hou Shaoqiu, Jiang Huilin,Xia Yunyi,Chen Zilong,Xia Wanchun;
Statesmen:Gu Yong,Lu Xun (Eastern Wu general), Xu Jie;
Litterateurs: Lu Ji,Lu Yun,Chen Jiru, Qian Fu, Gu Qing;
Chinese Painting and Calligraphy (Songjiang was listed among "cities of Calligraphy" in 2013[19]) Artists: Shen Du,Dong Qichang, Zhang Nanheng,Zhang Zhao,Shi Zhecun,Cheng Shifa;
Craftsmen: Zhu Kerou,Huang Daopo, Ding Niangzi;
Experts: Tao Zongyi, Zhu Shunshui, Chen Yongkang;
Educators: He Dong, Ping Hailan, Ma Xiangru;
Intelligent woman: Ye Gu.
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31°00′21″N121°14′00″E / 31.00583°N 121.23333°E /31.00583; 121.23333
