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InUkraine, ahromada (громада[ɦrɔˈmadɐ];lit. 'community') is the main type ofmunicipality and the third levellocal self-government in Ukraine. The current hromadas were established by theGovernment of Ukraine on 12 June 2020.[1]
A municipality is designatedurban hromada if its administration is located in acity;settlement hromada if it is located in a settlement (selyshche), andrural hromada if it is located in a village (selo) or aselyshche.[2] Hromadas are grouped to formraions (districts); groups of raions formoblasts (regions). Optionally, a municipality may be divided intostarosta okruhs (similar tocivil parishes in Great Britain orfrazioni in Italy), which are the lowest level of local government in Ukraine.
Similar terms exist inPoland (gromada) and inBelarus (hramada). The literal translation of this term is "community", similar to the terms used in western European states, such as Germany (Gemeinde), France (commune), Italy (comune), and Portugal (freguesia), or in several English-speaking countries (township).
In total, there are 1469 hromadas (as of 1 October 2023), including:
| Region | Number of hromadas | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hromada type | Total | |||
| urban | settlement | rural | ||
 Zakarpattia Oblast | 11 | 18 | 35 | 64 |
 Cherkasy Oblast | 16 | 10 | 40 | 66 |
 Chernivtsi Oblast | 11 | 7 | 34 | 52 |
 Chernihiv Oblast | 16 | 24 | 17 | 57 |
 Donetsk Oblast | 43 | 14 | 9 | 66 |
 Dnipropetrovsk Oblast | 20 | 25 | 41 | 86 |
 Kharkiv Oblast | 17 | 26 | 13 | 56 |
 Kherson Oblast | 9 | 17 | 23 | 49 |
 Khmelnytskyi Oblast | 13 | 22 | 25 | 60 |
 Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast | 15 | 23 | 24 | 62 |
 Kyiv Oblast | 24 | 23 | 22 | 69 |
 Kirovohrad Oblast | 12 | 16 | 21 | 49 |
 Luhansk Oblast | 20 | 12 | 5 | 37 |
 Lviv Oblast | 39 | 16 | 18 | 73 |
 Mykolaiv Oblast | 9 | 14 | 29 | 52 |
 Odesa Oblast | 19 | 25 | 47 | 91 |
 Poltava Oblast | 16 | 20 | 24 | 60 |
 Rivne Oblast | 11 | 13 | 40 | 64 |
 Sumy Oblast | 15 | 15 | 21 | 51 |
 Ternopil Oblast | 18 | 16 | 21 | 55 |
 Vinnytsia Oblast | 18 | 22 | 23 | 63 |
 Volyn Oblast | 11 | 18 | 25 | 54 |
 Zaporizhzhia Oblast | 14 | 17 | 36 | 67 |
 Zhytomyr Oblast | 12 | 22 | 32 | 66 |
 Ukraine | 409 | 435 | 625 | 1469 |
Prior to 2020, the basic units of administrative division in Ukraine were rural councils, settlement councils and city councils, which were often referred to by the generic termhromada.
TheConstitution of Ukraine and some other laws, including the "Law on local self-governance", delegate certain rights and obligations for hromadas. Types of hromadas include cities,rural settlements, and villages. In his draft constitutional amendments of June 2014,PresidentPetro Poroshenko proposed changing theadministrative divisions of Ukraine, which he felt should includeoblasts,raions and hromadas.[3]
On 12 June 2020 theGovernment of Ukraine approved the territories and administrative centers of the hromadas, which cover settlements in all regions of Ukraine except forCrimea.[4] A total of 1470 hromadas were approved.
On 12 August 2020 the Sokoliv hromada of the Cherkasy Oblast became a part of the Zhashkiv hromada.[5] Thus, there were 1469 hromadas.
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Each hromada carries out two types of task: own and commissioned. Own tasks are public tasks exercised by self-government, which serve to satisfy the needs of the community. The tasks can be twofold:
Own high objectives include matters such as spatial harmony, real estate management, environmental protection and nature conservation,water management, country roads, public streets, bridges, squares and traffic systems, water supply systems and source, the sewage system, removal of urban waste, water treatment, maintenance of cleanliness and order, sanitary facilities, dumps and council waste, supply of electric and thermal energy and gas, public transport, health care, welfare, care homes, subsidised housing, public education, cultural facilities including public libraries and other cultural institutions, historic monuments conservation and protection, the sports facilities and tourism including recreational grounds and devices, marketplaces and covered markets, green spaces and public parks, communal graveyards, public order and safety, fire and flood protection with equipment maintenance and storage, maintaining objects and devices of the public utility and administrative buildings, pro-family policy including social support for pregnant women, medical and legal care, supporting and popularising the self-government initiatives and cooperation within the commune including with non-governmental organizations, interaction with regional communities from other countries, etc.
Commissioned tasks cover the remaining public tasks resulting from legitimate needs of the state, commissioned by central government for the units of local government to implement. The tasks are handed over on the basis of statutory by-laws, charters and regulations, or by way of agreements between the self-government units and central-government administration.
The dictionary definition ofhromada at Wiktionary