Howrah district (/ˈhaʊrə/,Bengali:[ˈɦao̯ɽa]) is a district of theWest Bengal state in easternIndia. Howrah district is one of the highly urbanized area of West Bengal. It has thousands of years of rich heritage in the form of the great Bengali kingdom ofBhurshut. The district is named after its headquarters, the city ofHowrah.[3]
The Howrah district lies between 22°48′ N and 22°12′ N latitudes and between 88°23′ E and 87°50′ E longitudes.[4] The district is bounded by theHooghly River and theNorth 24 Parganas andSouth 24 Parganas districts on the east, on the north by theHooghly district (Arambagh and Shrirampur sub-divisions), and on the south byMidnapore East district (Tamluk sub-division). On the west Howrah district is bordered by the Ghatal sub-division ofMidnapore West district, and partly by the Arambagh sub-division of Hooghly district to the north-west, and the Tamluk sub-division ofMidnapore East district to the south-west.
Boundaries of the district are naturally determined byRupnarayan River on west and south-west, and byBhagirathi-Hooghly river on east and south-east side. On north side, the boundary is an artificial one except for Bally Canal on north-east andDamodar River on north-west.[5]
Annual normal rainfall is 1461 millimetre per year. Annual maximum temperature varies between 32-39 °C, whereas minimum temperature varies between 8-10 °C.
Howrah District is split into theHowrah Sadar subdivision and theUluberia subdivision. TheHowrah Sadar subdivision has 1 municipal corporation with 1 municipality and 5community development (CD) blocks. TheUluberia subdivision has 1 municipality and 9 community development blocks.
Each block consists of a rural area divided intogram panchayats along withcensus towns.[6] The district has 30 police stations (Howrah Police Commissionerate has 16 general police stations including 1 Women PS, 1 Cyber Crime PS and Howrah Rural PD has 10 general police stations including 1 Women PS, 1 Cyber Crime PS), 157 gram panchayats[7] and 50 census towns.
| Area | Subdivision | Type | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Howrah Municipal Corporation | Howrah Sadar | Municipal Corporation | includes the mergedBally Municipality and total number of wards is sixty six now[8][9] |
| Bally Jagachha | Howrah Sadar | CD Block | consists of rural area with 8 gram panchayats and six census towns: Bally (different from Bally municipality), Chakapara, Chamrail, Eksara, Khalia and Jagadishpur Durgapur-Avoynagar1, Durgapur-Avoynagar2, Nischinda |
| Domjur | Howrah Sadar | CD Block | consists of rural area with 18 gram panchayats and sixteen census towns:Domjur,Dakshin Jhapardaha,Khantora,Bhandardaha,Makardaha,Kantlia,Tentulkuli,Salap,Bankra,Nibra,Ankurhati,Bipra Noapara,Kalara,Kesabpur,Natibpur, andMahiari |
| Panchla | Howrah Sadar | CD Block | consists of rural area with 11 gram panchayats and seven census towns:Bikihakola,Beldubi,Deulpur,Gangadharpur, Jujersha, Jala-Biswanathpur, Banaharishpur, Chara-Panchla,Panchla, Subharara andSahapur |
| Sankrail | Howrah Sadar | CD Block | consists of rural area with 16 gram panchayats and fourteen census towns:Argari,Dhuilya,Andul,Ramchandrapur,Podara,Panchpara,Hatgachha,Jhorhat, Banipur, Mashila,Sankrail,Manikpur,Nalpur,Raghudebbati andSarenga |
| Jagatballavpur | Howrah Sadar | CD Block | consists of rural area with 14 gram panchayats and two census town:Mansinhapur andMunsirhat |
| Uluberia Municipality | Uluberia | Municipality | |
| Amta I | Uluberia | CD Block | CD block consists of rural area with 13 gram panchayats and Two census town: Amta and Guzarpur |
| Amta II | Uluberia | CD Block | CD block consists of rural area only with 14 gram panchayats and three census town: Khorop, Narit and Joypur |
| Bagnan I | Uluberia | CD Block | CD block consists of rural area with 10 gram panchayats and two census towns:Khalor andBagnan |
| Bagnan II | Uluberia | CD Block | CD block consists of rural area with 7 gram panchayats and one census town:Naupala |
| Uluberia I | Uluberia | CD Block | CD block consists of rural area only with 9 gram panchayats.The most important village is Bar-Mongrajpur under Hatgacha-1 G.P. |
| Uluberia II | Uluberia | CD Block | CD block consists of rural area with 8 gram panchayats and three census towns:Santoshpur,Balaram Pota andUttar Pirpur |
| Shyampur I | Uluberia | CD Block | CD block consists of rural area only with 10 gram panchayats |
| Shyampur II | Uluberia | CD Block | CD block consists of rural area only with 8 gram panchayats |
| Udaynarayanpur | Uluberia | CD Block | CD block consists of rural area only with 11 gram panchayats |
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
|---|---|---|
| 1901 | 850,514 | — |
| 1911 | 943,502 | +1.04% |
| 1921 | 997,403 | +0.56% |
| 1931 | 1,098,867 | +0.97% |
| 1941 | 1,490,304 | +3.09% |
| 1951 | 1,611,373 | +0.78% |
| 1961 | 2,038,477 | +2.38% |
| 1971 | 2,417,286 | +1.72% |
| 1981 | 2,966,861 | +2.07% |
| 1991 | 3,729,644 | +2.31% |
| 2001 | 4,273,099 | +1.37% |
| 2011 | 4,850,029 | +1.27% |
| source:[10] | ||
According to the2011 census Howrah district has apopulation of 4,850,029,[11] roughly equal to the nation ofSingapore[12] or the US state ofAlabama.[13] This gives it a ranking of 23rd in India (out of a total of640).[11] The district has a population density of 3,306 inhabitants per square kilometre (8,560/sq mi).[11] Itspopulation growth rate over the decade 2001-2011 was 13.31%.[11] 63.38% of the population lives in urban areas. Haora has asex ratio of 935females for every 1000 males[11] and aliteracy rate of 83.85%. 63.38% of the population lives in urban areas. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes make up 14.82% and 0.31% of the population respectively.[11]
Total area in Howrah District is 1467 km2. Total population is 4,273,099 as per census 2001 records. 57.91% of the population live in Howrah Sadar subdivision and rest 42.09% live in Uluberia subdivision. Population Density: 2913 per km2.
| Religion | Percent | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hinduism | 72.90% | |||
| Islam | 26.20% | |||
| Other or not stated | 0.90% | |||
| Religion | Population (1941)[15]: 75 | Percentage (1941) | Population (2011)[14] | Percentage (2011) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Hinduism | 1,184,863 | 79.50% | 3,535,844 | 72.90% |
Islam | 296,325 | 19.88% | 1,270,641 | 26.20% |
| Others[a] | 9,116 | 0.61% | 43,544 | 0.90% |
| Total Population | 1,490,304 | 100% | 4,850,029 | 100% |
Hindus are the majority population. Muslims, unlike the rest of Bengal, are more concentrated in urban areas than Hindus. Muslims are a significant minority in Panchla (46.62%), Uluberia I (43.92%), Uluberia II (39.36%) and Bagnan I (36.74%) blocks and make up a significant minority (44.79%) in Uluberia city.[14]
According to the 2011 census, 84.99% of the population spokeBengali, 10.92%Hindi and 2.86%Urdu as their first language. Hindi and Urdu are mainly spoken in urban areas.[16]
The district is divided into 16assembly constituencies:[17] Sankrail and Uluberia North constituencies will remain reserved forScheduled Castes (SC) candidates. The division is represented in theLok Sabha by theHowrah (Lok Sabha constituency) andUluberia (Lok Sabha constituency) .
Singapore 4,740,737 July 2011 est.
Alabama 4,779,736
Places adjacent to Howrah district | |
|---|---|
| International | |
|---|---|
| National | |
| Other | |
.jpg)
.svg)
