Movatterモバイル変換

[0]ホーム
URL:

Jump to content
WikipediaThe Free Encyclopedia
Search

House of Wettin

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
German noble and royal family
This article includes a list ofgeneral references, butit lacks sufficient correspondinginline citations. Please help toimprove this article byintroducing more precise citations.(July 2012) (Learn how and when to remove this message)
House of Wettin
CountryBelgium,Bulgaria,Germany,Latvia,Lithuania,Poland,Portugal,United Kingdom
Founded10th century
FounderTheodoric I
Current headMichael, Prince of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach
Titles
Branches

TheHouse of Wettin (German:Haus Wettin) is adynasty which included Saxonkings,prince-electors,dukes, andcounts, who once ruled territories in the present-day German federated states ofSaxony,Saxony-Anhalt andThuringia. The dynasty is one of the oldest inEurope, and its origins can be traced back to the town ofWettin, Saxony-Anhalt. The Wettins gradually rose to power within theHoly Roman Empire. Members of the family became the rulers of severalmedieval states, starting with theSaxon Eastern March in 1030. Other states they gained wereMeissen in 1089,Thuringia in 1263, andSaxony in 1423. These areas cover large parts ofCentral Germany as a cultural area of Germany.

The family divided into two ruling branches in 1485 by theTreaty of Leipzig: the Ernestine and Albertine branches. The older Ernestine branch played a key role during theProtestant Reformation. Many ruling monarchs outside Germany were later tied to itscadet branch, theHouse of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha. TheAlbertine branch, while less prominent, ruled most ofSaxony and played a part inPolish history.

Agnates of the House of Wettin have, at various times, ascended the thrones of theUnited Kingdom,Portugal,Bulgaria,Poland-Lithuania, theElectorate of Saxony (later theKingdom of Saxony),Mexico andBelgium. Only theBelgian line retains their throne today.

Origins: Wettin of Saxony

[edit]
Wettin Castle in Saxony-Anhalt

The oldest member of the House of Wettin who is known for certain isTheodoric I of Wettin, also known asDietrich,Thiedericus, andThierry I of Liesgau (died c. 982). He was most probably based in theLiesgau (located at the western edge of theHarz). Around 1000, the family acquiredWettin Castle, which was originally built by the local Slavic tribes (seeSorbs), after which they named themselves. Wettin Castle is located inWettin in theHassegau (or Hosgau) on theSaale River. Around 1030, the Wettin family received theEastern March as afief.[1]

The prominence of the Wettins in the Slavic Saxon Eastern March (orOstmark) causedEmperor Henry IV to invest them with theMarch of Meissen as a fief in 1089. The family advanced over the course of theMiddle Ages: in 1263, they inherited thelandgraviate ofThuringia (although withoutHesse) and in 1423, they were invested with theDuchy of Saxony, centred atWittenberg, thus becoming one of theprince-electors of theHoly Roman Empire.

Ernestine and Albertine Wettins

[edit]
Main article:Treaty of Leipzig

The family split into two ruling branches in 1485 when the sons ofFrederick II, Elector of Saxony divided the territories hitherto ruled jointly. The elder sonErnest, who had succeeded his father asPrince-elector, received the territories assigned to the Elector (Electorate of Saxony) andThuringia, while his younger brotherAlbert obtained theMarch of Meissen, which he ruled fromDresden. As Albert ruled under the title of "Duke of Saxony", his possessions were also known asDucal Saxony.

Ernestines

[edit]

The older Ernestine branch remained predominant until 1547 and played an important role in the beginnings of theProtestant Reformation.Frederick III (Friedrich der Weise) appointedMartin Luther (1512) andPhilipp Melanchthon (1518) to theUniversity of Wittenberg, which he had established in 1502.[2]

The Ernestine predominance ended in theSchmalkaldic War (1546/7), which pitted the ProtestantSchmalkaldic League against theEmperor Charles V. Although itself Lutheran, the Albertine branch rallied to the Emperor's cause. Charles V had promisedMoritz the rights to the electorship. After theBattle of Mühlberg,Johann Friedrich der Großmütige, had to cede territory (including Wittenberg) and the electorship to his cousin Moritz. Although imprisoned, Johann Friedrich was able to plan a new university. It was established by his three sons on 19 March 1548 as theHöhere Landesschule atJena. On 15 August 1557,Emperor Ferdinand I awarded it the status of university.[2]

The Ernestine line was thereafter restricted to Thuringia and its dynastic unity swiftly crumbled, dividing into a number of smaller states, theErnestine duchies. Nevertheless, withErnst der Fromme, Duke of Saxe-Gotha (1601–1675), the house gave rise to an important early-modern ruler who was ahead of his time in supporting the education of his people and in improving administration. In the 18th century,Karl August, Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach, established what was to become known asWeimar Classicism at his court in Weimar, notably by bringingJohann Wolfgang von Goethe there.[2]

It was only in the 19th century that one of the many Ernestine branches, theHouse of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, regained importance through marriages as the "stud of Europe", by ascending the thrones ofBelgium (in 1831),Portugal (1853–1910),Bulgaria (1908–1946) and theUnited Kingdom (1901–2022, though therelevant marriage had taken place in 1840) and also providing a consort to the futureHabsburgEmperor of Mexico (1857).[3]

Residences of Ernestine branches

[edit]

Albertines

[edit]
icon
This sectiondoes notcite anysources. Please helpimprove this section byadding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged andremoved.(August 2025) (Learn how and when to remove this message)
Albertine Wettins' royal coat of arms with the standard arms at the center (Kings of Saxony, 1806–1918)

The juniorAlbertine branch maintained most of the territorial integrity of Saxony, preserving it as a significant power in the region, and used smallappanage fiefs for its cadet branches, few of which survived for significant lengths of time. The Ernestine Wettins, on the other hand, repeatedly subdivided their territory, creating an intricate patchwork of smallduchies and counties in Thuringia.

The Albertine Wettins ruled as Electors (1547–1806) andKings of Saxony (1806–1918), and also played a role in Polish history – two Wettins wereKings of Poland (between 1697 and 1763) and a third ruled theDuchy of Warsaw (1807–1814) as a satellite ofNapoleon I. After theNapoleonic Wars, the Albertine branch lost about 40% of its lands (the economically less-developed northern parts of the old Electorate of Saxony) to Prussia, restricting it to a territory coextensive with the modernSaxony (seeFinal Act of the Congress of ViennaAct IV: Treaty between Prussia and Saxony 18 May 1815).Frederick Augustus III lost his throne in theGerman Revolution of 1918.

The role of current head of the Albertine "House of Saxony" is claimed by his great-grandsonPrince Rüdiger of Saxony, Duke of Saxony, Margrave of Meissen (born 23 December 1953). However, the headship of Prince Rüdiger is contested by his second cousin,Alexander (born 1954), son of Roberto Afif (later by change of name Mr Gessaphe) and Princess Maria Anna of Saxony, a sister of the childless former head of the Albertines,Maria Emanuel, Margrave of Meissen (died 2012), who had adopted his nephew and granted him the name Prince of Saxony, contrary to the rules of male descent under theSalic Law. However, neither are recognized by the Nobility Archive in Marburg, nor by the Conference of the Formerly Ruling Houses in Germany – Prince Rüdiger because his father Timo was expelled from the House of Wettin, and Prince Alexander because he is not ofagnatic noble descent (his father was Roberto Afif from Lebanon). Consequently, the Albertine branch of the House of Wettin is officially treated by the German nobility as extinct in its legal succession-line.

Residences of the Albertine branch (Electors, later Kings of Saxony)

[edit]

The House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha

[edit]
Main article:House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha

The senior (Ernestine) branch of the House of Wettin lost the electorship to the Albertine line in 1547, but retained its holdings in Thuringia, dividing the area into a number of smaller states. One of the resulting Ernestine houses, known asSaxe-Coburg-Saalfeld until 1826 and asSaxe-Coburg and Gotha after that, went on to contributekings of Belgium (from 1831) andBulgaria (1908–1946), as well as furnishing consorts toqueens regnant ofPortugal (Prince Ferdinand) and theUnited Kingdom (Prince Albert), and theEmperor of Mexico (Carlota of Mexico)[3] Thus, the British and Portuguese thrones became possessions of persons who belonged to the House of Wettin for a time.

FromKing George I toQueen Victoria, the British Royal family was called theHouse of Hanover, being a junior branch of the House ofBrunswick-Lüneburg and thus part of the dynasty of theGuelphs. In the late 19th century, Queen Victoria charged theCollege of Arms in England to determine the correct personal surname of her late husband,Prince Albert ofSaxe-Coburg and Gotha—and, thus, the proper surname of the royal family upon the accession of her son. After extensive research, they concluded that it was Wettin, but this name was never used, either by the Queen or by her son (King Edward VII) or by her grandson (King George V); they were simply Kings of the House of "Saxe-Coburg-Gotha".

Severe anti-German sentiment duringWorld War I (1914–1918) led some influential members of the British public (especially radical Republicans such asH. G. Wells[4]) to question the loyalty of the royal family. Advisors to King George V searched for an acceptable surname for the British royal family, butWettin was rejected as "unsuitably comic".[5][6][7] AnOrder in Council legally changed the name of the British royal family to"Windsor" (originally suggested byLord Stamfordham) in 1917.

Residences of the Dukes of Coburg and Gotha

[edit]

Branches and titles of the House of Wettin and its agnatic descent

[edit]

Early Wettins

[edit]
  • Wartburg near Eisenach (1250–1406: residence of the Wettins)
    Wartburg near Eisenach (1250–1406: residence of the Wettins)

Ernestines

[edit]

Existing Ernestine branches

[edit]

Branch of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach

  • Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach, extant lines all shared last common ancestor in the person ofWilliam Ernest, Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach. However, there are only two members of this line left,Michael, Prince of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach and Prince Wilhelm Ernst of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach. Both were born in 1946. Since Prince Michael has no sons, and Prince Wilhelm Ernst; whose only son Prince Georg-Constantin (13 April 1977 – 9 June 2018), a banker who was married but without issue, was killed in a horse riding accident on 9 June 2018 while riding with Jean Christophe Iseux von Pfetten. Therefore, the Grand Ducal House of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach will most likely become extinct in the male line. These two represent the last non-morganatic descendants ofWilliam, Duke of Saxe-Weimar

Branch of Saxe-Meiningen

In the very likely event of the extinction of these two senior branches, the sole representation of the Ernestine Wettins will pass to the descendants ofFrancis, Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld, who are the presentSaxe-Coburg-Gothas led byHubertus, Prince of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (b. 16 September 1975), theHouse of Windsor, theRoyal Family of Belgium and theRoyal Family of Bulgaria. Francis and his nephewLudwig Frederick Emil von Coburg are also ancestors to morganatic lines.

Extinct Ernestine branches

[edit]
Castle ofAltenburg

Albertines

[edit]
Catholic members of the Royal Albertine branch of the House of Wettin buried in the crypt chapel of theKatholische Hofkirche,Dresden

Existing Albertine branch

[edit]

Extinct Albertine branches

[edit]

Family tree of the House of Wettin

[edit]
Family tree of the House of Wettin, the royal & ducal house of Saxony, and later Great Britain, Belgium, Portugal, and Bulgaria

Rulers

[edit]
TheFürstenzug is a monumental painting and porcelain mural inDresden, Germany, depicting a procession of the rulers of the House of Wettin, the dynasty that governed Saxony for nearly 800 years.
Partitions of the territories under House of Wettin rule
      
March of Lusatia
(1st creation)[8]
(1034–1123)		County of Wettin
(950–1288)
      
      County of Brehna
(1st creation)
(1156–1217)		March of Lusatia
(2nd creation)
(1156–1210)		March of Meissen
(1156–1195)
      Meissen briefly underimmediacy (direct control of theHoly Roman Empire)
(1195–1198)
            
      March of Meissen
(1198–1423)
      
(Brehna line since 1217)County of Brehna
(2nd creation)
(1267–1290)		March of Lusatia
(3rd creation)
(1288–1303)		      
Sold to the
March of Brandenburg (1303–1347)		      
Annexed to the
Archbishopric of Magdeburg		Annexed to the
Duchy of Saxe-Wittenberg
(1290–1423)		      
      March of Landsberg
(1349–1407)		Landgraviate of Thuringia
(1349–1482)
Raised to:
Electorate of Saxony
(1423–1806)
      
Electorate of Saxony
(1423–1806)
(Ernestine Line until 1547;
Albertine Line since 1547)[9]		Duchy of Saxony
(1464–1554)
(Albertine Line until 1547;
Ernestine Line since 1547)[9]
      
Duchy of Coburg and Eisenach
(1st creation)
(1554–1566)		Duchy of Gotha
(1554–1565)		Duchy of Weimar
(1554–1741)
      
Duchy of Coburg and Eisenach
(2nd creation)
(1572–1638)		      
      Duchy of Altenburg
(1603–1672)
      Duchy of Gotha
(1605–1672)
      
      Duchy of Zeitz
(1656–1718)		Duchy of Merseburg
(1656–1738)		Duchy of Weissenfels
(1656–1746)		      
      Duchy of Eisenach
(1662–1741)		      Duchy of Jena
(1662–1690)		      
            Renamed
Duchy of Gotha and Altenburg
(1672–1826)
                  Duchy of Hildburghausen
(1675–1826)		Duchy of Meiningen
(1675–1918)		Duchy of Coburg and Saalfeld
(1675–1826)[10]

Renamed
Duchy of Coburg and Gotha
(1826–1918)
            Duchy of Barby
(1680–1739)		            
            Duchy of Weimar
(1554–1741)		      
                        
                        
            Renamed
Duchy of Weimar and Eisenach
(1741–1815)

Raised to:
Grand Duchy of Weimar and Eisenach
(1815–1918)		      
            
Raised to:
Kingdom of Saxony
(1806–1918)		      
      
Renamed
Duchy of Altenburg
(1826–1918)
Table of rulers
RulerBornReignRuling partConsortDeathNotes
Theodoric Ic.920
?		c.950 – 976County of WettinJudith of Magdeburg
c.950
two children		976
aged 55-56		First known member of the family and first count ofWettin.
Dedo Ic.960
First son ofTheodoric I and Judith of Magdeburg		976 – 13 November 1009County of WettinThietburga of Haldensleben
c.980
one child		13 November 1009
Zörbig
aged 48-49		Children of Theodoric, divided their inheritance. Eilenburg eventually rejoined Wettin after Frederick's death.
Frederickc.960
Second son ofTheodoric I and Judith of Magdeburg		976 – 5 January 1017County of Wettin
(atEilenburg)		Unknown
three children		5 January 1017
Eilenburg
aged 56-57
Theodoric IIc.980
Son ofDedo I and Thietburga of Haldensleben		13 November 1009 – 19 November 1034County of WettinMatilda of Meissen
c.1000
seven children		19 November 1034
aged 53-54		Since 1032 alsoMargrave of Lusatia.
Dedo II1004
First son ofTheodoric II and Matilda of Meissen		19 November 1034 – October 1075March of LusatiaOda of East Ostmark
c.1035
two children

Adela of Leuven
c.1055
two children		October 1075
aged 70-71		Children of Theodoric II, Dedo II and Thimo divided their inheritance. Since 1040, Dedo II associated his namesake son to his rule in Lusatia.
Dedo IIIthe Youngerc.1035
Son ofDedo II and Oda of East Ostmark		1040 – 1069Unmarried1069
aged 33-34
Thimothe Bravec.1030
Second son ofTheodoric II and Matilda of Meissen		19 November 1034 – 9 March 1090County of WettinIda of Nordheim
three children		9 March 1090
aged 59-60
Regency ofAdela of Leuven (1075–1084)
Henry Ithe Elder1070
Son ofDedo II andAdela of Leuven		October 1075 – 1103March of Lusatia
(withMeissen since 1089)		Gertrude of Brunswick
c.1090
one child		1103
aged 32-33
Dedo IV [de]c.1070
First son ofThimo and Ida of Nordheim		9 March 1090 – 26 December 1124County of WettinBertha of Groitzsch [de]
c.1120
(annulled)
one child		26 December 1124
aged 53-54
Regency ofGertrude of Brunswick (1103–1117)Posthumous son of his father, left no descendants.
Henry IIthe Younger1103
Posthumous son ofHenry I andGertrude of Brunswick		1103 – October 1123March of Lusatia
(withMeissen)		Adelaide of Stade
c.1120
no children		October 1123
aged 19-20
Lusatia and Meissen fell under control of other families (1123–1136); Annexed again to Wettin in 1136
Conrad Ithe Greatc.1080?
Second son ofThimo and Ida of Nordheim		26 December 1124 – 1156County of Wettin
(withMarch of Lusatia andMeissen since 1136)		Luitgard of Elchingen-Ravenstein
(c.1104–1146)
1115
twelve children		5 February 1157
Petersberg
aged 76-77?		Heirs of Dedo IV. Conrad abdicated in 1156 to his sons, who divided the county. Dedo's daughter Matilda's possessions were inherited by her descendants.
Matildac.1120?
Daughter ofDedo IV [de] andBertha of Groitzsch [de]		26 December 1124 – 9 January 1170County of Wettin
(atLeisnig andColditz)		Rapoto, Count of Abenberg [de]
(c.1104–1146)
c.1150
twelve children		9 January 1170
aged 49-50
Ottothe Rich[11]c.1125?
First son ofConrad I and Luitgard of Elchingen-Ravenstein		1156 – 18 February 1190March of MeissenHedwig of Brandenburg
1155
four children		18 February 1190
Nossen
aged 64-65		Children of Conrad I, divided their inheritance. After Theodoric's death with no descendants, the march of Lusatia was inherited by his brother Dedo.
Theodoric Ic.1125?
Second son ofConrad I and Luitgard of Elchingen-Ravenstein		1156 – 9 February 1185March of LusatiaDobroniega Ludgarda of Poland
c.1145
two children		9 February 1185
Petersberg
aged 59-60
Dedo Vthe Fatc.1125?
Third son ofConrad I and Luitgard of Elchingen-Ravenstein		1156 – 16 August 1190County of Groitzsch [de]
(until 1185)

March of Lusatia
(from 1185)		Matilda of Heinsberg [nl]
c.1150
six children		16 August 1190
aged 64-65
Henry I [fr]c.1130?
Fourth son ofConrad I and Luitgard of Elchingen-Ravenstein		1156 – 30 August 1181County of WettinSophia of Sommerschenburg
(d.1195)
c.1150
four children		30 August 1181
aged 57-58
Frederick I [de]c.1130?
Fifth son ofConrad I and Luitgard of Elchingen-Ravenstein		1156 – 4 January 1182County of Brehna [de]Hedwig of Bohemia [cz]
1165
three children		4 January 1182
aged 55-56
Henry II [bg]c.1150?
First son ofHenry I [fr] and Sophia of Sommerschenburg		30 August 1181 – 20 December 1187County of WettinUnmarried20 December 1187
Giebichenstein
aged 36-37
Hedwig of Bohemia [cz]c.1150?
Daughter ofTheobald of Bohemia andGertrude of Brandenburg [cz]		4 January 1182 – 19 February 1211County of Brehna [de]
(at the town ofBrehna)		Frederick I [de]
1165
three children		19 February 1211
aged 60-61		Heirs of Frederick I. Otto shared the town of Brehna with his mother as widow seat.
Otto I [de]c.1165
First son ofFrederick I [de] andHedwig of Bohemia [cz]		4 January 1182 – 23 December 1203County of Brehna [de]
(in the remaining county)		Unmarried23 December 1203
Brehna
aged 37-38
Ulrich [de]c.1160?
Second son ofHenry I [fr] and Sophia of Sommerschenburg		20 December 1187 – 28 September 1206County of Wettin? of Winzenburg
(1149–1204)
c.1185
no children

Hedwig of Saxony
1205
one child		28 September 1206
Wettin
aged 45-46
Albert Ithe Proud1158
First son ofOtto andHedwig of Brandenburg		18 February 1190 – 24 June 1195March of MeissenSophia of Bohemia [cz]
23 April 1186
Ústí nad Labem
one child		24 June 1195
Halsbrücke
aged 36-37		After his death, his lands were seized byHenry VI, Holy Roman Emperor. As he left no male descendants, the march, when recovered, passed to his brother.
Meissen briefly under direct rule of theHoly Roman Empire
Theodoricc.1150
First son ofDedo V andMatilda of Heinsberg [nl]		16 August 1190 – 13 June 1207March of Lusatia
(atGroitzsch)		Judith of Thuringia
1190
two children		13 June 1207
aged 56-57		Children of Dedo V, possibly divided the inheritance.[12]
Conrad IIc.1150
Second son ofDedo V andMatilda of Heinsberg [nl]		16 August 1190 – 6 May 1210March of Lusatia
(atEilenburg)		Elisabeth of Greater Poland
February 1180
three children		6 May 1210
aged 59-60
Agnes1152
Daughter ofDedo V andMatilda of Heinsberg [nl]		16 August 1190 – 25 March 1195March of Lusatia
(atRochlitz)		Berthold IV, Duke of Merania
1180
seven children		2 March 1195
Dießen am Ammersee
aged 42-43
Groitzsch and Eilenburg annexed to Meissen; Rochlitz annexed to theHouse of Andechs, but eventually returned to the House of Wettin
Theodoric I & IIthe Oppressed[13]11 March 1162
Second son ofOtto andHedwig of Brandenburg		1198 – 18 February 1221March of MeissenJudith of Thuringia
1197
five children		18 February 1221
Nossen
aged 58
Regency ofHedwig of Saxony andFrederick II, Count of Brehna [de] (1205–1217)Died as a minor and left no descendants. After his death, Wettin was inherited by the Brehna line.
Henry III1205
Son ofUlrich [de] andHedwig of Saxony		28 September 1206 – 25 March 1217County of WettinUnmarried25 March 1217
aged 11-12
Frederick II & I [de]c.1165?
Second son ofFrederick I [de] andHedwig of Bohemia [cz]		23 December 1203 – 25 March 1217County of Brehna [de]
(in co-rulership since 1182)		Judith of Ziegenhain
(d. 6 October 1220)
c. 1190
four children		16 December 1221
Acre
aged 60-61		Co-ruling in Brehna since 1182, with his brother Otto. Ruling alone since 1203, Frederick inherited the county of Wettin from his cousin Henry III.
25 March 1217 – 16 December 1221County of Wettin
Regency ofJudith of Thuringia (1221–1223) andLouis IV, Landgrave of Thuringia (1221–1227)
Regency ofAlbert I, Duke of Saxony (1227–1230)		In 1265, he informally divided his patrimony with his sons: Albert received rule over Thuingia and Theodoric over Landsberg, but as Theodoric predeceased his father, Albert divided, in 1288, the margraviate with his nephew, Frederick Tuta.
Henry IIIthe Illustrious1215
Meissen
Son ofTheodoric I andJudith of Thuringia		18 February 1221 – 15 February 1288March of MeissenConstance of Austria
1 May 1234
nearVienna
two children

Agnes of Bohemia [cz]
1244
no children

Elisabeth von Maltitz [de]
1270
two children		15 February 1288
Dresden
aged 72-73
Theodoric III [pl]c.1190?
First son ofFrederick II & I [de] and Judith of Ziegenhain		16 December 1221 – 11 July 1267County of WettinEudoxia of Masovia [de]
(c.1210–1250)
c.1230
six children		11 July 1267
aged 76-77		Children of Frederick II, ruled jointly.
Otto IIc.1190?
Second son ofFrederick II & I [de] and Judith of Ziegenhain		16 December 1221 – 1234Unmarried1234
aged 43-44?
Otto IIIc.1230?
First son ofTheodoric III [pl] andEudoxia of Masovia [de]		11 July 1267 – 1288County of WettinUnmarriedc.1290
aged 59-60		Children of Theodoric, divided their inheritance. Theodoric II's possessions were absorbed by theTemplar Order, where he went. Otto's death with no descendants led to the absorption of the county by theArchbishopric of Magdeburg.
Conrad Ic.1230?
Second son ofTheodoric III [pl] andEudoxia of Masovia [de]		11 July 1267 – 26 March 1278County of Brehna [de]Elisabeth of Saxe-Wittenberg
c.1270
four children		26 March 1278
aged 47-48
Theodoric IVc.1230?
Third son ofTheodoric [pl] andEudoxia of Masovia [de]		11 July 1267 – c.1270County of Wettin
(atMücheln andDöblitz)		Unmarried1272
aged 41-42
Wettin annexed to theArchbishopric of Magdeburg;Mücheln andDöblitz annexed to theTemplar Order
Conrad IIc.1250?
First son ofConrad I andElisabeth of Saxe-Wittenberg		26 March 1278 – 1288County of Brehna [de]Unmarried1288
aged 37-38		Children of Conrad I, ruled jointly. Left no descendants, and their county was annexed to Saxe-Wittenberg.
Otto IVc.1250?
Second son ofConrad I andElisabeth of Saxe-Wittenberg		26 March 1278 – 12901290
Erfurt
aged 39-40
Brehna annexed toSaxe-Wittenberg
Albert IIthe Degenerate1240
Son ofHenry III andConstance of Austria		15 February 1288 – 1307March of Meissen
(in Thuringia only since 1291)		Margaret of Sicily
June 1255
five children

Kunigunde of Eisenberg
1272
(having anaffair since 1269)
two children

Elisabeth of Weimar-Orlamünde [de]
1 October 1290
no children		20 November 1314
Erfurt
aged 73-74		Following the formal division made by his father, it was expected for both sons of Henry to divide Meissen between them, but Theodoric preceded his father; it was his son Frederick Tuta who made the true division of power with his uncle Albert after Henry III's death. The marriage of Albert II with his previous lover and his estrangement with his legitimate sons led to a succession crisis that led to Albert's deposition, but Albert kept his power in Thuringia, which he was also forced to surrender in 1307. After said deposition, and Frederick Tuta's death with no descendants (1291), the sons of Albert II (Frederick I and Theodoric III) redivided Meissen.
Frederick Tuta1269
Son ofTheodoric of Landsberg andHelene of Brandenburg		15 February 1288 – 16 August 1291March of LusatiaCatharina of Bavaria
1155
four children		16 August 1291
Nossen
aged 64-65
Frederick Ithe Brave1257
Eisenach
First son ofAlbert II andMargaret of Sicily		16 August 1291 – 16 November 1323March of Meissen
(with Thuringia since 1307)		Agnes of Gorizia-Tyrol [de]
1 January 1286
Vienna
one child

Elisabeth of Lobdeburg-Arnshaugk [de]
24 August 1301
Gotha
two children		16 November 1323
Eisenach
aged 65-66		Children of Albert II, deposed their father, and, aftet their cousin's death, divided the whole patrimony between them. In 1303, Theodoric sold his property to theMargraviate of Brandenburg.
Theodoric III1260
Second son ofAlbert II andMargaret of Sicily		16 August 1291 – 1303March of LusatiaJudith of Henneberg-Schleusingen
(d.1315)
1295

no children

10 November 1307
Leipzig
aged 46-47
Lusatia annexed to theMargraviate of Brandenburg
Regency ofElisabeth of Lobdeburg-Arnshaugk [de] (1323–1329)
Frederick IIthe Serious30 November 1310
Gotha
Son ofFrederick I andElisabeth of Lobdeburg-Arnshaugk [de]		16 November 1323 – 18 November 1349March of MeissenMatilda of Bavaria
May 1323
Nuremberg
nine children		18 November 1349
Wartburg
aged 38
Frederick IIIthe Strict14 December 1332
Dresden
First son ofFrederick II andMatilda of Bavaria		18 November 1349 – 21 May 1381March of MeissenCatherine of Henneberg
1346
four children		21 May 1381
Altenburg
aged 48
Balthasar21 December 1336
Weißenfels
Second son ofFrederick II andMatilda of Bavaria		21 May 1381 – 18 May 1406Landgraviate of ThuringiaMargaret of Nuremberg
Spring 1374
two children

Anna of Saxe-Wittenberg
1404
no children		18 May 1406
Wartburg
aged 69		Following Frederick III's death, his heirs made theDivision of Chemnitz, which divided the property of the family between surviving brothers and sons of the deceased margrave. After the Wittenberg line of the Ascanians became extinct, the Electorate of Saxony was given to Frederick IV, one of the sons of Frederick III. William I's property (given he died with no children) fell to his nephews fom Landsberg.
William Ithe One-eyed19 December 1343
Dresden
Third son ofFrederick II andMatilda of Bavaria		21 May 1381 – 9 February 1407March of MeissenElisabeth of Moravia
1390
no children

Anna of Brunswick-Göttingen [bg]
1403
no children		9 February 1407
Grimma
aged 63
Regency ofCatherine of Henneberg (1381–1384)
Frederick IV & Ithe Warlike11 April 1370
Dresden
First son ofFrederick III andCatherine of Henneberg		21 November 1381 – 4 January 1428March of LandsbergCatherine of Brunswick-Lüneburg
7 February 1402
seven children		4 January 1428
Altenburg
aged 57
6 January 1423 – 4 January 1428Duchy of Saxony andElectorate of Saxony
William IIthe Rich23 April 1371
Dresden
Second son ofFrederick III andCatherine of Henneberg		21 May 1381 – 13 March 1425March of Meissen
(co-ruling in theMargraviate of Landsberg until 1407)		Amelia of Masovia
16 May 1413
Brześć Kujawski
(by proxy)
no children		13 March 1425
aged 53
George [fr]1380
Dresden
Third son ofFrederick III andCatherine of Henneberg		21 May 1381 – 9 December 1401March of LandsbergUnmarried9 December 1401
Coburg
aged 20-21
Meissen and Landsberg fell to the Electorate of Saxony
Frederick IVthe Peacefulc.1380
Weißenfels
Son ofBalthasar andMargaret of Nuremberg		18 May 1406 – 7 May 1440Landgraviate of ThuringiaAnna of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen [de]
1407
no children		7 May 1440
Weißensee
aged 59-60
Frederick IIthe Gentle22 April 1412
Leipzig
First son ofFrederick IV & I andCatherine of Brunswick-Lüneburg		4 January 1428 – 7 September 1464Duchy of Saxony andElectorate of Saxony
(withThuringia in 1440–1445)		Margaret of Austria
3 June 1431
Leipzig
eight children		7 September 1464
Leipzig
aged 52		Children of Frederick I, had different inheritances. Frederick was the sole inheritor of the Electorate, but also inherited also Thuringia from his cousin Frederick IV, but gave it to his brother William a few years later. After William's death with no children, Thuringia merged in the Electorate.
William IIIthe Brave30 April 1425
Meissen
Second son ofFrederick IV & I andCatherine of Brunswick-Lüneburg		1445 – 17 September 1482Landgraviate of ThuringiaAnna of Austria
2 June 1446
no children		17 September 1482
Weimar
aged 57
Thuringia annexed to the Electorate of Saxony
Ernest I24 March 1441
Meissen
First son ofFrederick II andMargaret of Austria		7 September 1464 – 26 August 1486Electorate of Saxony
(Ernestine line)		Elisabeth of Bavaria-Munich
25 November 1460
Leipzig
seven children		26 August 1486
Colditz Castle
aged 45		Children of Frederick II, divided their patrimony. Ernest, as the eldest, inherited the Electoral dignity. Ernest founded theErnestine line of Saxon princes, and Albert was the founder of theAlbertine line.
Albert IIIthe Bold27 January 1443
Grimma
Second son ofFrederick II andMargaret of Austria		7 September 1464 – 12 September 1500Duchy of Saxony
(Albertine line)		Sidonie of Poděbrady
11 November 1464
Cheb
nine children		12 September 1500
Emden
aged 57
Frederick IIIthe Wise17 January 1463
Torgau
First son ofErnest I andElisabeth of Bavaria-Munich		26 August 1486 – 5 May 1525Electorate of Saxony
(Ernestine line; atWittenberg)		Unmarried5 May 1525
Annaburg
aged 62		Children of Ernest, ruled jointly, with different seats from 1513. Frederick was a protector ofMartin Luther, but a lifelong Catholic. John establishedLutheranism officially in 1527.
John Ithe Steadfast30 June 1468
Meissen
Second son ofErnest I andElisabeth of Bavaria-Munich		26 August 1486 – 16 August 1532Electorate of Saxony
(Ernestine line; atWeimar)		Sophie of Mecklenburg
1 March 1500
Torgau
one child

Margaret of Anhalt-Köthen
13 November 1513
Torgau
four children		16 August 1532
Schweinitz
aged 64
Georgethe Bearded27 August 1471
Dresden
First son ofAlbert III andSidonie of Poděbrady		12 September 1500 – 17 April 1539Duchy of Saxony
(Albertine line)		Barbara of Poland
21 November 1496
Dresden
ten children		17 April 1539
Dresden
aged 67		Proponent of Catholic Reform and a staunch opponent of Martin Luther. Left no surviving male descendants. He was succeeded by his brother Henry.
John Frederick Ithe Magnanimous30 June 1503
Torgau
Son ofJohn I andSophie of Mecklenburg		16 August 1532 – 3 March 1554Electorate of Saxony
(Ernestine line; until 1547)

Duchy of Saxony
(Ernestine line; from 1547)		Sibylle of Cleves
9 February 1527
Torgau
four children		3 March 1554
Weimar
aged 50		Children of John I, ruled jointly. John Ernest ruled a separate part of the Electorate as Duke, never having held the Electoral dignity. John Frederick lost his Electoral dignity and territory to his cousin Maurice after being defeated by the Emperor in theSchmalkaldic War. He was left with some territories as the Duchy of Saxony. Coburg re-merged in the Saxon duchy after John Ernest's death. After John Frederick's death the Duchy of Saxony was divided between his three sons.
John Ernest I10 May 1521
Coburg
Son ofJohn I andMargaret of Anhalt-Köthen		16 August 1532 – 8 February 1553Duchy of Saxony
(Ernestine line; atCoburg)		Catherine of Brunswick-Grubenhagen
12 February 1542
Torgau
no children		8 February 1553
Coburg
aged 31
Henry IVthe Pious16 March 1473
Dresden
Second son ofAlbert III andSidonie of Poděbrady		17 April 1539 – 18 August 1541Duchy of Saxony
(Albertine line)		Catherine of Mecklenburg
9 January 1541
Marburg
nine children		18 August 1541
Dresden
aged 68		Succeeded his brother George. He established Lutheranism in Albertine Saxony.
Maurice21 March 1521
Freiberg
First son ofHenry IV andCatherine of Mecklenburg		18 August 1541 – 9 July 1553Duchy of Saxony
(Albertine line; until 1547)

Electorate of Saxony
(Albertine line; from 1547)		Agnes of Hesse
9 January 1541
Marburg
two children		9 July 1553
Lehrte
aged 32		Though a Lutheran, allied withEmperor Charles V against theSchmalkaldic League. Gained the Electorate for the Albertine line in 1547 after Charles V's victory at theBattle of Mühlberg. Left no male descendants. He was succeeded by his brother Augustus.
Following their displacement by the Albertines, the Ernestine branch of the Wettins continued to rule in southern Thuringia as "Dukes of Saxony", but their lands eventually split up into many different tinyErnestine duchies.
Augustus I31 July 1526
Freiberg
Second son ofHenry IV andCatherine of Mecklenburg		9 July 1553 – 11 February 1586Electorate of SaxonyAnna of Denmark
7 October 1548
Torgau
fifteen children

Agnes Hedwig of Anhalt
3 January 1586
Dessau
no children		11 February 1586
Dresden
aged 59		Recognized as Elector by the ousted John Frederick I in 1554.
John Frederick II8 January 1529
Torgau
First son ofJohn Frederick I andSibylle of Cleves		3 March 1554 – November 1566Duchy of Coburg and EisenachAgnes of Hesse
26 May 1555
Weimar
no children

Elisabeth of the Palatinate-Simmern-Sponheim
12 June 1558
Weimar
four children		19 May 1595
Lamberg Castle [de]
aged 66		Children of John Frederick I, divided their inheritance. John Frederick III's domain went to his elder brother John Frederick II. He, however, was placed under imperial ban with intervention of his brother John William, who seized the opportunity to reunite all Saxony underr his domain. However, in 1572, theDivision of Erfurt forced him to redivide Saxony with his nephews, sons of his imprisoned brother, who received thei father's domain at Coburg and Eisenach.
John William11 March 1530
Torgau
Second son ofJohn Frederick I andSibylle of Cleves		3 March 1554 – 2 March 1573Duchy of WeimarDorothea Susanne of the Palatinate-Simmern
15 June 1560
Heidelberg
five children		2 March 1573
Weimar
aged 42
John Frederick IIIthe Younger16 January 1538
Torgau
Third son ofJohn Frederick I andSibylle of Cleves		3 March 1554 – 21 October 1565Duchy of GothaUnmarried21 October 1565
Jena
aged 27
Gotha annexed to Coburg and Eisenach
Coburg and Eisenach briefly annexed to Weimar (1566–1572)
Regency ofAugustus I, Elector of Saxony (1573–1586)Children of John Frederick II, ruled jointly until 1596, and then divided their inheritance. After the deaths of both brothers with no heirs, the duchies were divided between its neighbours Saxe-Altenburg and Saxe-Weimar.
John Casimir12 June 1564
Gotha
First son ofJohn Frederick II andElisabeth of the Palatinate-Simmern-Sponheim		5 December 1572 – 16 July 1633Duchy of Coburg and Eisenach
(atCoburg)		Anna of Saxony
16 January 1586
Dresden
no children

Margaret of Brunswick-Lüneburg
16 September 1599
Coburg
no children		16 July 1633
Coburg
aged 69
John Ernest I9 July 1566
Gotha
Second son ofJohn Frederick II andElisabeth of the Palatinate-Simmern-Sponheim		5 December 1572 – 23 October 1638Duchy of Coburg and Eisenach
(atEisenach)		Elisabeth of Inner Mansfeld
23 November 1591
Wiener Neustadt
one child

Christine of Hesse-Kassel
14 May 1598
Rotenburg an der Fulda
no children		23 October 1638
Eisenach
aged 72
Coburg and Eisenach divided between its neighboursSaxe-Altenburg andSaxe-Weimar
Regency ofAugustus I, Elector of Saxony (1573–1586)After his death, his brother took the land and in the next year divided it with his nephews (sons of Frederick William).
Frederick William I25 April 1562
Weimar
Son ofJohn William andDorothea Susanne of the Palatinate-Simmern		2 March 1573 – 7 July 1602Duchy of WeimarSophie of Württemberg
5 May 1583
Weimar
six children

Anna Maria of the Palatinate-Neuburg
9 September 1591
Neuburg an der Donau
six children		7 July 1602
Weimar
aged 40
Christian I29 October 1560
Dresden
Son ofAugustus I andAnna of Denmark		11 February 1586 – 25 September 1591Electorate of SaxonySophie of Brandenburg
25 April 1582
Dresden
seven children		25 September 1591
Dresden
aged 30
Regency ofSophie of Brandenburg (1591–1601)
Christian II23 September 1583
Dresden
First son ofChristian I andSophie of Brandenburg		25 September 1591 – 23 June 1611Electorate of SaxonyHedwig of Denmark
12 September 1602
Dresden
no children		23 June 1611
Dresden
aged 27
John II22 May 1570
Weimar
Second son ofJohn William andDorothea Susanne of the Palatinate-Simmern		7 July 1602 – 18 July 1605Duchy of WeimarDorothea Maria of Anhalt
7 January 1593
Altenburg
twelve children		18 July 1605
Weimar
aged 35		Initially regent for his nephews (while their mother isolated herself in her widow property atDornburg) John rapidly usurped their place in the duchy, being forced, in 1603, to divide Weimar with them. His nephews had their capital at Altenburg. The widow property reverted later to Weimar.
Anna Maria of the Palatinate-Neuburg18 August 1575
Neuburg an der Donau
Daughter ofPhilip Louis, Count Palatine of Neuburg andAnna of Jülich-Cleves-Berg		7 July 1602 – 11 February 1643Duchy of Weimar
(atDornburg)		Frederick William I
9 September 1591
Neuburg an der Donau
six children		11 February 1643
Dornburg
aged 67
Regency ofChristian II, Elector of Saxony (1603–1611)
Regency ofJohn George I, Elector of Saxony (1611–1618)		Received and ruled jointly the newly created Saxe-Altenburg, after the partition of 1603 with their uncle and regent. None of them had male descendants.
John Philipthe Delicious[14]25 January 1597
Torgau
First son ofFrederick William I, Duke of Saxe-Weimar andAnna Maria of the Palatinate-Neuburg		1603 – 1 April 1639Duchy of AltenburgElisabeth of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel
25 October 1618
Altenburg
one child		1 April 1639
Altenburg
aged 42
Frederick12 February 1599
Torgau
Second son ofFrederick William I, Duke of Saxe-Weimar andAnna Maria of the Palatinate-Neuburg		1603 – 24 October 1625Unmarried24 October 1625
Seelze
aged 26
John William13 April 1600
Torgau
Third son ofFrederick William I, Duke of Saxe-Weimar andAnna Maria of the Palatinate-Neuburg		1603 – 2 December 16322 December 1632
outskirts ofBrzeg
aged 32
John Ernest Ithe Younger[15]21 February 1594
First son ofJohn II andDorothea Maria of Anhalt		18 July 1605 – 6 December 1626Duchy of WeimarUnmarried6 December 1626
aged 32		Left no children. After his death, his brothers succeeded him jointly, but eventually divided the duchy.
John George I5 March 1585
Dresden
Second son ofChristian I andSophie of Brandenburg		23 June 1611 – 8 October 1656Electorate of SaxonySibylle Elisabeth of Württemberg
16 September 1604
Dresden
one child

Magdalene Sibylle of Prussia
19 July 1607
Torgau
ten children		8 October 1656
Dresden
aged 71		Ruled during theThirty Years' War, during which he was at times allied with theEmperor and at times with theKing of Sweden.
William Ithe Great[16]11 April 1598
Altenburg
Second son ofJohn II andDorothea Maria of Anhalt		6 December 1626 – 17 May 1662Duchy of WeimarEleonore Dorothea of Anhalt-Dessau
23 May 1625
Weimar
nine children		17 May 1662
Weimar
aged 64		Sons of John II, ruled jointly. In 1640 divided officially the land. William kept Saxe-Weimar. In 1644 William reunited his own domains with his brother Albert's. After William's death his domains were divided by his four sons. On the other hand, Ernest inherited Saxe-Gotha and reunited it with his wife's (as heiress of Saxe-Altenburg).
Albert IVthe Unsightful[14]27 July 1599
Altenburg
Third son ofJohn II andDorothea Maria of Anhalt		6 December 1626 – 20 December 1644Duchy of Eisenach
(co-ruling in Weimar until 1640)		Dorothea of Saxe-Altenburg
24 June 1633
Weimar
no children		20 December 1644
Eisenach
aged 45
Ernest Ithe Pious[17]25 December 1601
Altenburg
Fourth son ofJohn II andDorothea Maria of Anhalt		6 December 1626 – 26 March 1675Duchy of Gotha
(co-ruling in Weimar until 1640; in Gotha 1640–1672)

Duchy of Gotha and Altenburg
(from 1672; in Altenburgjure uxoris)		Elisabeth Sophie of Saxe-Altenburg
24 October 1636
Altenburg
eighteen children		26 March 1675
Friedenstein Palace
aged 74
Frederick William II12 February 1602
Weimar
Fourth son ofFrederick William I, Duke of Saxe-Weimar andAnna Maria of the Palatinate-Neuburg		1 April 1639 – 22 April 1669Duchy of AltenburgSophie Elisabeth of Brandenburg
18 September 1638
Altenburg
no children

Magdalene Sibylle of Saxony
11 October 1652
Dresden
three children		22 April 1669
Altenburg
aged 66		Brother of John Philip, Frederick and John William. Succeeded his childless brothers. Received part of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach in 1638.
John George IIthe Worthy[14]31 May 1613
Dresden
First son ofJohn George I andMagdalena Sibylle of Prussia		8 October 1656 – 22 August 1680Electorate of SaxonyMagdalene Sibylle of Brandenburg-Bayreuth
13 November 1638
Dresden
three children		22 August 1680
Tübingen
aged 67		Children of John George I, divided their inheritance. Christian divided his duchy with his son, Philip, who predeceased him.
Augustus I13 August 1614
Second son ofJohn George I, Elector of Saxony andMagdalena Sibylle of Prussia		8 October 1656 – 4 June 1680Duchy of WeissenfelsAnna Maria of Mecklenburg-Schwerin
23 November 1647
Schwerin
twelve children

Johanna Walpurgis of Leiningen-Westerburg
29 January 1672
Halle
three children		4 June 1680
Halle
aged 65
Christian Ithe Elder[18]27 October 1615
Dresden
Third son ofJohn George I andMagdalena Sibylle of Prussia		8 October 1656 – 18 October 1691Duchy of MerseburgChristiana of Sonderburg-Glücksburg
19 November 1650
Dresden
eleven children		18 October 1691
Merseburg
aged 75
Philip26 October 1657
Merseburg
Third son ofChristian I andChristiana of Sonderburg-Glücksburg		1684 – 1 July 1690Duchy of Merseburg
(atLauchstädt)		Eleonore Sophie of Saxe-Weimar
9 July 1684
Weimar
two children

Louise Elisabeth of Württemberg-Oels
17 August 1688
Bernstadt
one child		1 July 1690
Fleurus
aged 32
Maurice Ithe Righteous[14]28 March 1619
Dresden
Fourth son ofJohn George I andMagdalena Sibylle of Prussia		8 October 1656 – 4 December 1681Duchy of ZeitzSophie Hedwig of Sonderburg-Glücksburg
19 November 1650
Dresden
two children

Dorothea Maria of Saxe-Weimar
3 July 1656
Weimar
ten children

Sophie Elisabeth of Sonderburg-Wiesenburg
14 June 1676
Wiesenburg
no children		4 December 1681
Zeitz
aged 62
John Ernest II11 September 1627
Weimar
First son ofWilliam andEleonore Dorothea of Anhalt-Dessau		17 May 1662 – 15 May 1683Duchy of WeimarChristine Elisabeth of Sonderburg
14 August 1656
Weimar
five children		15 May 1683
Weimar
aged 55		Children of William I, divided their inheritance.
Adolf Williamthe Noble[14]15 May 1632
Weimar
Second son ofWilliam andEleonore Dorothea of Anhalt-Dessau		17 May 1662 – 21 November 1668Duchy of EisenachMarie Elisabeth of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel
18 January 1663
Wolfenbüttel
five children		21 November 1668
Eisenach
aged 36
Bernard IIthe Follower[14]14 October 1638
Weimar
Fourth son ofWilliam andEleonore Dorothea of Anhalt-Dessau		17 May 1662 – 3 May 1678Duchy of JenaMarie Charlotte de la Trémoille
10 June 1662
Paris
five children		3 May 1678
Jena
aged 39
Regency ofJohn George I, Duke of Marksuhl (1668–1671)Died as a minor. His uncle, as regent, inherited his domain.
William Augustus30 November 1668
Eisenach
Son ofAdolph William andMarie Elisabeth of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel		21 November 1668 – 23 February 1671Duchy of EisenachUnmarried23 February 1671
Eisenach
aged 2
John George Ithe Striver[14]12 July 1634
Weimar
Third son ofWilliam andEleonore Dorothea of Anhalt-Dessau		23 February 1671 – 19 September 1686Duchy of Eisenach
(atMarksuhl since 1662)		Johannetta of Sayn-Wittgenstein
29 May 1661
Wallau
nine children		19 September 1686
Marksuhl
aged 52		Son of William I, received Marksuhl in the division of 1662. He also served as regent for his nephew William August of Eisenach, but after his nephew's death in 1671, he inherited it himself, merging Marksuhl in Eisenach. From 1683 he also became regent for his other nephew at Jena.
Regency ofJohn George II, Elector of Saxony (1669–1672)Died as a minor. His lands were inherited by his cousin, Elisabeth Sophie.
Frederick William III12 July 1657
Altenburg
Son ofFrederick William II andMagdalene Sibylle of Saxony		22 April 1669 – 14 April 1672Duchy of AltenburgUnmarried14 April 1672
Altenburg
aged 14
Elisabeth Sophie10 October 1619
Halle
Daughter ofJohn Philip andElisabeth of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel		14 April 1672 – 20 December 1680Duchy of AltenburgErnest I, Duke of Gotha
24 October 1636
Altenburg
eighteen children		20 December 1680
Gotha
aged 61		She was declared the general heiress of the family in case of the extinction of the male line, which eventually happened in her lifetime.
Saxe-Altenburg merged inSaxe-Gotha to formSaxe-Gotha-Altenburg
Frederick I15 July 1646
Gotha
First son ofErnest I andElisabeth Sophie of Saxe-Altenburg		26 March 1675 – 2 August 1691Duchy of Gotha and Altenburg
(in Gotha and Altenburg proper, jointly with his mother in Altenburg until 1680)		Magdalena Sibylle of Saxe-Weissenfels
14 November 1669
Halle
eight children

Christine of Baden-Durlach
14 August 1681
Ansbach
no children		2 August 1691
Friedrichswerth
aged 45		Children of Ernest I, divided their inheritance.
Albert V24 May 1648
Gotha
Second son ofErnest I andElisabeth Sophie of Saxe-Altenburg		26 March 1675 – 6 August 1699Duchy of Gotha and Altenburg
(atCoburg)		Marie Elisabeth of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel
18 July 1676
Gotha
one child

Susanne Elisabeth Kempinsky
24 May 1688
Coburg
(morganatic)
no children		6 August 1699
Coburg
aged 51
Bernard I10 September 1649
Gotha
Third son ofErnest I andElisabeth Sophie of Saxe-Altenburg		26 March 1675 – 27 April 1706Duchy of MeiningenMarie Hedwig of Hesse-Darmstadt
20 November 1671
Gotha
seven children

Elisabeth Eleonore of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel
25 January 1681
Schöningen
five children		27 April 1706
Meiningen
aged 56
Henry19 November 1650
Gotha
Fourth son ofErnest I andElisabeth Sophie of Saxe-Altenburg		26 March 1675 – 13 May 1710Duchy of Gotha and Altenburg
(atRömhild)		Marie Elisabeth of Hesse-Darmstadt
1 March 1676
Darmstadt
no children		13 May 1710
Römhild
aged 59
Christian6 January 1653
Gotha
Fifth son ofErnest I andElisabeth Sophie of Saxe-Altenburg		26 March 1675 – 28 April 1707Duchy of Gotha and Altenburg
(atEisenberg)		Christiane of Saxe-Merseburg
13 February 1677
Merseburg
one child

Sophie Marie of Hesse-Darmstadt
9 February 1681
Darmstadt
no children		28 April 1707
Eisenberg
aged 54
Ernest I12 June 1655
Gotha
Sixth son ofErnest I andElisabeth Sophie of Saxe-Altenburg		26 March 1675 – 17 October 1715Duchy of HildburghausenSophie of Waldeck
30 November 1680
Arolsen
eighteen children		17 October 1715
Hildburghausen
aged 60
John Ernest22 August 1658
Gotha
Seventh son ofErnest I andElisabeth Sophie of Saxe-Altenburg		26 March 1675 – 17 February 1729Duchy of Saalfeld
(until 1699)

Duchy of Coburg and Saalfeld
(since 1699)		Sophie Hedwig of Saxe-Merseburg
18 February 1680
Merseburg
five children

Charlotte Johanna of Waldeck-Wildungen
2 December 1690
Maastricht
eight children		17 February 1729
Saalfeld
aged 70
Coburg merged inSaxe-Saalfeld to formSaxe-Coburg-Saalfeld
Saxe-Römhild was annexed toSaxe-Coburg-Saalfeld
Saxe-Eisenberg was annexed bySaxe-Hildburghausen
Regency ofJohn Ernest II, Duke of Saxe-Weimar (1678–1683)
Regency ofJohn George I, Duke of Saxe-Eisenach (1683–1686)
Regency ofWilliam Ernest, Duke of Saxe-Weimar (1686–1690)		Died as a minor.
John William28 March 1675
Jena
Son ofBernard II andMarie Charlotte de la Trémoille		3 May 1678 – 4 November 1690Duchy of JenaUnmarried4 November 1690
Jena
aged 15
Saxe-Jena divided between its neighboursSaxe-Eisenach andSaxe-Weimar
John Adolph Ithe Careful[14]2 November 1649
Halle
First son ofAugustus andAnna Maria of Mecklenburg-Schwerin		4 June 1680 – 24 May 1697Duchy of Weissenfels
(atQuerfurt)		Johanna Magdalena of Saxe-Altenburg
25 October 1671
Altenburg
eleven children

Christiane Wilhelmine of Bünau
3 February 1692
Querfurt
(morganatic)
eleven children		24 May 1697
Weissenfels
aged 47		Children of Augustus, divided their inheritance.
Henrythe Shooter-Up[14]29 September 1657
Halle
Second son ofAugustus andAnna Maria of Mecklenburg-Schwerin		4 June 1680 – 16 February 1728County of BarbyElisabeth Albertine of Anhalt-Dessau
30 March 1686
Dessau
seven children		16 February 1728
Barby
aged 70
John George III20 June 1647
Dresden
Son ofJohn George II andMagdalene Sibylle of Brandenburg-Bayreuth		22 August 1680 – 12 September 1691Electorate of SaxonyAnna Sophie of Denmark
9 October 1666
Copenhagen
two children		12 September 1691
Tübingen
aged 44
Maurice William12 March 1664
Moritzburg Palace
First son ofMaurice andDorothea Maria of Saxe-Weimar		4 December 1681 – 15 November 1718Duchy of ZeitzMarie Amalie of Brandenburg
25 June 1689
Potsdam
five children		15 November 1718
Osterburg Castle
aged 54		Children of Maurice, divided their inheritance. After their deaths Zeitz and Peggau merged in the Electorate.
Frederick Henry21 July 1668
Moritzburg Palace
Second son ofMaurice andDorothea Maria of Saxe-Weimar		4 December 1681 – 18 December 1713Duchy of Zeitz
(atPegau andNeustadt)		Sophie Angelika of Württemberg-Oels
23 April 1699
Oleśnica
no children

Anna Frederica of Sonderburg-Wiesenburg
27 February 1702
Moritzburg
two children		18 December 1713
Neustadt
aged 45
Saxe-Zeitz-Pegau-Neustadt merged inSaxe-Zeitz
Saxe-Zeitz merged in theElectorate of Saxony
William Ernest I19 October 1662
Weimar
First son ofJohn Ernest II andChristine Elisabeth of Sonderburg		15 May 1683 – 26 August 1728Duchy of WeimarCharlotte Marie of Saxe-Jena
2 November 1683
Eisenach
no children		26 August 1728
Weimar
aged 65		Children of John Ernest II, ruled jointly.
John Ernest III22 June 1664
Weimar
Second son ofJohn Ernest II andChristine Elisabeth of Sonderburg		15 May 1683 – 10 May 1707Sophie Auguste of Anhalt-Zerbst
11 October 1685
Zerbst
five children

Charlotte of Hesse-Homburg
4 November 1694
Kassel
four children		10 May 1707
Weimar
aged 42
John George II24 July 1665
Friedewald
First son ofJohn George I andJohannetta of Sayn-Wittgenstein		19 September 1686 – 10 November 1698Duchy of EisenachSophie Charlotte of Württemberg
20 September 1688
Kirchheim unter Teck
no children		10 November 1698
Eisenach
aged 33		Left no descendants. He was succeeded by his brother.
Regency ofBernard I, Duke of Meiningen andHenry, Duke of Römhild (1691–1693)
Frederick II28 July 1676
Gotha
Son ofFrederick I andMagdalena Sibylle of Saxe-Weissenfels		2 August 1691 – 23 March 1732Duchy of Gotha and AltenburgMagdalena Augusta of Anhalt-Zerbst
7 June 1696
Gotha
nineteen children		23 March 1732
Altenburg
aged 55
John George IV18 October 1668
Dresden
First son ofJohn George III andAnna Sophie of Denmark		12 September 1691 – 27 April 1694Electorate of SaxonyEleonore Erdmuthe of Saxe-Eisenach
17 April 1692
Leipzig
no children		27 April 1694
Dresden
aged 25
Christian II19 November 1653
Merseburg
First son ofChristian I andChristiana of Sonderburg-Glücksburg		18 October 1691 – 20 October 1694Duchy of MerseburgErdmuthe Dorothea of Saxe-Zeitz
14 October 1679
Moritzburg
seven children		20 October 1694
Merseburg
aged 40		Children of Christian I, divided their inheritance. Zörbig eventually re-merged in Merseburg.
Augustus15 February 1655
Merseburg
Second son ofChristian I andChristiana of Sonderburg-Glücksburg		18 October 1691 – 27 March 1715Duchy of Merseburg
(atZörbig)		Hedwig of Mecklenburg-Güstrow
1 December 1686
Güstrow
eight children		27 March 1715
Zörbig
aged 60
Frederick Augustus Ithe Strong12 May 1670
Dresden
Second son ofJohn George III andAnna Sophie of Denmark		27 April 1694 – 1 February 1733Electorate of SaxonyChristiane Eberhardine of Brandenburg-Bayreuth
20 January 1693
Bayreuth
one child		1 February 1733
Warsaw
aged 62		Converted to Catholicism in 1697 in order to compete for the crown of Poland. Took the Polish crown in 1697, opposed byStanisław Leszczyński since 1704.
Regency ofErdmuthe Dorothea of Saxe-Zeitz andFrederick Augustus I, Elector of Saxony (1694)Left no descendants. He was succeeded by his also minor brother.
Christian III Maurice7 November 1680
Merseburg
First son ofChristian II andErdmuthe Dorothea of Saxe-Zeitz		20 October – 14 November 1694Duchy of MerseburgUnmarried14 November 1694
Merseburg
aged 14
Regency ofErdmuthe Dorothea of Saxe-Zeitz andFrederick Augustus I, Elector of Saxony (1694–1712)Left no descendants. He was succeeded by his uncle, Henry.
Maurice William5 February 1688
Merseburg
Second son ofChristian II andErdmuthe Dorothea of Saxe-Zeitz		14 November 1694 – 21 April 1731Duchy of MerseburgHenriette Charlotte of Nassau-Idstein
4 November 1711
Istein
one child		21 April 1731
Merseburg
aged
Henry2 September 1661
Merseburg
Fourth son ofChristian I andChristiana of Sonderburg-Glücksburg		21 April 1731 – 28 July 1738Duchy of Merseburg
(atSpremberg since 1691)		Elisabeth of Mecklenburg-Güstrow
29 March 1692
Güstrow
three children		28 July 1738
Doberlug-Kirchhain
aged 76		Received, after his father's death, the town of Spremberg. In 1731 succeeded in Merseburg, reuniting its original lands with those he unexpectedly inherited. Left no descendants and Merseburg merged in the Electorate of Saxony.
Saxe-Merseburg-Spremberg merged inSaxe-Merseburg
Saxe-Merseburg merged in theElectorate of Saxony
John George13 July 1677
Halle
First son ofJohn Adolph I andJohanna Magdalena of Saxe-Altenburg		24 May 1697 – 16 March 1712Duchy of Weissenfels
(atQuerfurt)		Fredericka Elisabeth of Saxe-Eisenach
7 January 1698
Jena
seven children		16 March 1712
Weissenfels
aged 34		In 1711, John George gave his uncle Frederick the town of Dahme, which after his death was re-absorbed by Weissenfels. John George died without male descendants, and was succeeded by his brother Christian.
Frederick20 November 1673
Halle
Third son ofAugustus andJohanna Walpurgis of Leiningen-Westerburg		1711 – 16 April 1715Duchy of Weissenfels
(atDahme)		Emilie Agnes Reuss of Schleiz
13 February 1711
Dahme
no children		16 April 1715
Dahme
aged 41
John William III17 October 1666
Friedewald
Second son ofJohn George I andJohannetta of Sayn-Wittgenstein		10 November 1698 – 14 January 1729Duchy of EisenachAmalie of Nassau-Dietz
28 November 1690
Oranjewoud
two children

Christine Juliane of Baden-Durlach
27 February 1697
Wolfenbüttel
seven children

Magdalene Sibylle of Saxe-Weissenfels
28 July 1708
Weissenfels
three children

Marie Christine Felizitas of Leiningen-Dagsburg-Falkenburg-Heidesheim
29 May 1727
Hanau
no children		14 January 1729
Eisenach
aged 62
Ernest Louis I7 October 1672
Gotha
First son ofBernard I andMarie Hedwig of Hesse-Darmstadt		27 April 1706 – 24 November 1724Duchy of MeiningenDorothea Marie of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg
19 September 1704
Gotha
five children

Elisabeth Sophie of Brandenburg
3 June 1714
Coburg
no children		24 November 1724
Meiningen
aged 52
Christian23 February 1682
Weissenfels
Second son ofJohn Adolph I andJohanna Magdalena of Saxe-Altenburg		16 March 1712 – 28 June 1736Duchy of Weissenfels
(atQuerfurt)		Louise Christine of Stolberg-Stolberg-Ortenberg
12 May 1712
Stolberg
no children		28 June 1736
Sangerhausen
aged 54		Left no male descendants. He was succeeded by his brother John Adolf.
Ernest Frederick I21 August 1681
Gotha
Son ofErnest andSophie Henriette of Waldeck		17 October 1715 – 9 March 1724Duchy of HildburghausenSophia Albertine of Erbach-Erbach
4 February 1704
Erbach im Odenwald
fourteen children		9 March 1724
Hildburghausen
aged 42
Regency ofSophia Albertine of Erbach-Erbach (1724–1728)
Ernest Frederick II17 December 1707
Hildburghausen
Son ofErnest Frederick I andSophia Albertine of Erbach-Erbach		9 March 1724 – 13 August 1745Duchy of HildburghausenCaroline of Erbach-Fürstenau
19 June 1726
Fürstenau
four children		13 August 1745
Hildburghausen
aged 37
Regency ofFrederick William of Saxe-Meiningen (1724–1733),Frederick II, Duke of Gotha and Altenburg (1724–1732) andAnton Ulrich of Saxe-Meiningen (1732–1733)Children of Ernest Louis I, ruled jointly. Both left no descendants, and were succeeded by their uncles and previous regents.
Ernest Louis II8 August 1709
Coburg
First son ofErnest Louis I andDorothea Marie of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg		24 November 1724 – 24 February 1729Duchy of MeiningenUnmarried24 February 1729
Meiningen
aged 28
Charles Frederick18 July 1712
Meiningen
Second son ofErnest Louis I andDorothea Marie of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg		24 November 1724 – 28 March 174328 March 1743
Meiningen
aged 30
George Albert19 April 1695
Dessau
Son ofHenry andElisabeth Albertine of Anhalt-Dessau		16 February 1728 – 12 June 1739County of BarbyAuguste Louise of Württemberg-Oels
18 February 1721
Forst
no children		12 June 1739
Barby
aged 44		Left no descendants, and his land merged in Saxe-Weissenfels.
Barby re-merged inSaxe-Weissenfels
Ernest Augustus I19 April 1688
Weimar
Son ofJohn Ernest III andSophie Auguste of Anhalt-Zerbst		26 August 1728 – 19 January 1748Duchy of Weimar
(until 1741)

Duchy of Weimar and Eisenach
(from 1741)		Eleonore Wilhelmine of Anhalt-Köthen
2 November 1683
Nienburg
eight children

Sophie Charlotte of Brandenburg-Bayreuth
7 April 1734
Bayreuth
four children		19 January 1748
Eisenach
aged 59		Co-ruled with William Ernest since 1707. Reunited under his rule the duchies of Weimar and Eisenach.
William Henry10 November 1691
Oranjewoud
Son ofJohn William III andAmalia of Nassau-Dietz [it]		14 January 1729 – 26 July 1741Duchy of EisenachAlbertine Juliane of Nassau-Idstein [bg]
15 February 1713
Idstein
no children

Anna Sophie Charlotte of Brandenburg-Schwedt
3 June 1723
Berlin
no children		26 July 1741
Eisenach
aged 49		Left no descendants: Saxe-Eisenach merged with Saxe-Weimar.
Saxe-Eisenach merged inSaxe-Weimar to formSaxe-Weimar-Eisenach
Christian Ernest18 August 1683
Saalfeld
Son ofJohn Ernest andSophie Hedwig of Saxe-Merseburg		17 February 1729 – 4 September 1745Duchy of Coburg and SaalfeldChristiane Fredericka of Koss
18 August 1724
Naitschau
(morganatic)
no children		4 September 1745
Saalfeld
aged 62		Left no descendants. He was succeeded by his brother.
Frederick III14 April 1699
Gotha
Son ofFrederick II andMagdalene Augusta of Anhalt-Zerbst		23 March 1732 – 10 March 1772Duchy of Gotha and AltenburgLuise Dorothea of Saxe-Meiningen
17 September 1729
Gotha
eight children		10 March 1772
Gotha
aged 72
Frederick Augustus IIthe Fat17 October 1696
Dresden
Son ofFrederick Augustus I andChristiane Eberhardine of Brandenburg-Bayreuth		1 February 1733 – 5 October 1763Electorate of SaxonyMaria Josepha of Austria
20 August 1719
Dresden
sixteen children		5 October 1763
Dresden
aged 66		Converted to Catholicism in 1712. King of Poland 1734–1763.
John Adolph II4 September 1685
Weissenfels
Son ofChristian andLouise Christine of Stolberg-Stolberg-Ortenberg		28 June 1736 – 16 May 1746Duchy of Weissenfels
(atQuerfurt)		Johannette Antoinette Juliane of Saxe-Eisenach
9 May 1721
Eisenach
one child

Frederica of Saxe-Gotha and Altenburg
27 November 1734
Altenburg
five children		16 May 1746
Leipzig
aged 60		Left no male descendants. After his death the Duchy was reannexed by the Electorate of Saxony.
Saxe-Weissenfels-Querfurt (with exceptions) merged in theElectorate of Saxony
Frederick William16 February 1679
Ichtershausen
Second son ofBernard I andMarie Hedwig of Hesse-Darmstadt		28 March 1743 – 10 March 1746Duchy of MeiningenUnmarried10 March 1746
Meiningen
aged 67		Brothers of Ernest Louis I, succeeded their nephews after their deaths with no descendants.
Anton Ulrich22 October 1687
Meiningen
Son ofBernard I andElisabeth Eleonore of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel		28 March 1743 – 27 January 1763Philippine Elisabeth Caesar
January 1711
(morganatic)
ten children

Charlotte Amalie of Hesse-Philippsthal
26 September 1750
Bad Homburg vor der Höhe
eight children		27 January 1763
Frankfurt
aged 75
Regency ofCaroline of Erbach-Fürstenau (1745–1748)
Ernest Frederick III10 June 1727
Königsberg
Son ofErnest Frederick II andCaroline of Erbach-Fürstenau		13 August 1745 – 23 September 1780Duchy of HildburghausenLouise of Denmark
1 October 1749
Copenhagen
one child

Christiane Sophie Charlotte of Brandenburg-Bayreuth
20 January 1757
Copenhagen
one child

Ernestine of Saxe-Weimar
1 July 1758
Bayreuth
three children		23 September 1780
Straufhain
aged 53
Francis Josias25 September 1697
Saalfeld
Son ofJohn Ernest andCharlotte Johanna of Waldeck-Wildungen		4 September 1745 – 16 September 1764Duchy of Coburg and SaalfeldAnna Sophie of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt
2 January 1723
Rudolstadt
eight children		16 September 1764
Bad Rodach
aged 66
Frederica of Saxe-Gotha and Altenburg17 July 1715
Weissenfels
Daughter ofFrederick II, Duke of Gotha and Altenburg andMagdalena Augusta of Anhalt-Zerbst		16 May 1746 – 2 May 1775Duchy of Weissenfels
(atLangensalza)		John Adolph II
27 November 1734
Altenburg
five children		2 May 1775
Langensalza
aged 59		Inherited fom her husband a seat inLangensalza, where she ruled until her death.
Langensalza annexed to theElectorate of Saxony
Regency ofFrancis Josias, Duke of Coburg and Saalfeld (1748–1755)
Ernest Augustus II2 June 1737
Weimar
Son ofErnest Augustus I andSophie Charlotte of Brandenburg-Bayreuth		19 January 1748 – 28 May 1758Duchy of Weimar and EisenachAnna Amalia of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel
16 March 1756
Brunswick
two children		28 May 1758
Weimar
aged 20
Regency ofAnna Amalia of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel (1758–1775)In 1815, his Duchy was elevated to aGrand Duchy.
Charles Augustus3 September 1757
Weimar
Son ofErnest Augustus II andAnna Amalia of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel		28 May 1758 – 14 June 1828Duchy of Weimar and Eisenach
(until 1815)

Grand Duchy of Weimar and Eisenach
(from 1815)		Louise of Hesse-Darmstadt
3 October 1775
Karlsruhe
seven children		14 June 1828
Graditz
aged 70
Regency ofCharlotte Amalie of Hesse-Philippsthal (1763–1779)Left no descendants. He was succeeded by his brother.
Charles William19 November 1754
Frankfurt
First son ofAnton Ulrich andCharlotte Amalie of Hesse-Philippsthal		27 January 1763 – 21 January 1782Duchy of MeiningenLouise of Stolberg-Gedern
5 June 1780
Gedern
no children		21 January 1782
Sonneberg
aged 27
Frederick Christian5 September 1722
Dresden Castle
Son ofFrederick Augustus II andMaria Josepha of Austria		5 October – 17 December 1763Electorate of SaxonyMaria Antonia of Bavaria
13 June 1747
Munich
(by proxy)
20 June 1747
Dresden
(in person)
nine children		17 December 1763
Dresden Castle
aged 41		Raised Catholic. After 74 days of reign, died ofsmallpox.
Regency ofMaria Antonia of Bavaria andPrince Francis Xavier of Saxony (1763–1768)His Electorate ceased with the fall of the Holy Roman Empire in 1806, and he became king of the newly independent Kingdom of Saxony. AlsoDuke of Warsaw 1807–1813. Left no male descendants. He was succeeded by his brother.
Frederick Augustus III & Ithe Just23 December 1750
Dresden
First son ofFrederick Christian andMaria Antonia of Bavaria		17 December 1763 – 20 December 1806

20 December 1806 – 5 May 1827		Electorate of Saxony
(until 1806)

Kingdom of Saxony
(from 1806)		Amalie of Zweibrücken-Birkenfeld
17 January 1769
Mannheim
(by proxy)
29 January 1769
Dresden
(in person)
four children		5 May 1827
Dresden
aged 76
Ernest Frederick8 March 1724
Saalfeld
Son ofFrancis Josias andAnna Sophie of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt		16 September 1764 – 8 September 1800Duchy of Coburg and SaalfeldSophie Antonia of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel
23 April 1749
Wolfenbüttel
seven children		8 September 1800
Coburg
aged 76
Ernest II30 January 1745
Gotha
Son ofFrederick III andLuise Dorothea of Saxe-Meiningen		10 March 1772 – 20 April 1804Duchy of Gotha and AltenburgCharlotte of Saxe-Meiningen
21 March 1769
Meiningen
four children		20 April 1804
Gotha
aged 59
Regency ofPrince Joseph of Saxe-Hildburghausen (1780–1787)Inherited Altenburg from Frederick IV, and renamed his duchy asSaxe-Altenburg.
Frederick29 April 1763
Hildburghausen
Son ofErnest Frederick III andErnestine of Saxe-Weimar		23 September 1780 – 29 September 1834Duchy of Hildburghausen
(until 1826)

Duchy of Altenburg
(fom 1826)		Charlotte Georgine of Mecklenburg-Strelitz
3 September 1785
Hildburghausen
twelve children		29 September 1834
Altenburg
aged 71
George I4 February 1761
Meiningen
Second son ofAnton Ulrich andCharlotte Amalie of Hesse-Philippsthal		21 January 1782 – 24 December 1803Duchy of MeiningenLouise Eleonore of Hohenlohe-Langenburg
27 November 1782
Langenburg
four children		24 December 1803
Meiningen
aged 42
Francis15 July 1750
Coburg
Son ofErnest Frederick andSophie Antonia of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel		8 September 1800 – 9 December 1806Duchy of Coburg and SaalfeldSophie of Saxe-Hildburghausen
6 March 1776
Hildburghausen
no children

Augusta Reuss of Ebersdorf
13 June 1777
Ebersdorf
ten children		9 December 1806
Coburg
aged 56
Regency ofLouise Eleonore of Hohenlohe-Langenburg (1803–1821)
Bernard II17 December 1800
Son ofGeorge I andLouise Eleonore of Hohenlohe-Langenburg		24 September 1803 – 20 September 1866Duchy of MeiningenMarie Frederica of Hesse-Kassel
23 March 1825
Kassel
two children		3 December 1882
aged 81
Augustus23 November 1772
Gotha
First son ofErnest II andCharlotte of Saxe-Meiningen		20 April 1804 – 17 May 1822Duchy of Gotha and AltenburgLouise Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Schwerin
21 October 1797
Ludwigslust
one child

Karoline Amalie of Hesse-Kassel
24 April 1802
Kassel
no children		17 May 1822
Gotha
aged 49		Left no male descendants. The land was inherited by his brother Frederick IV.
Ernest I2 January 1784
Coburg
Son ofFrancis andAugusta Reuss of Ebersdorf		9 December 1806 – 29 January 1844Duchy of Coburg and Saalfeld
(until 1826)

Duchy of Coburg and Gotha
(from 1826)		Louise of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg
3 July 1817
Gotha
two children

Marie of Württemberg
23 December 1832
Coburg
no children		29 January 1844
Gotha
aged 60		Inherited Gotha from Frederick IV, but had to cede Saalfeld to Meiningen. The duchy changed its name toSaxe-Coburg and Gotha
Frederick IV28 November 1774
Gotha
Second son ofErnest II andCharlotte of Saxe-Meiningen		17 May 1822 – 11 February 1825Duchy of Gotha and AltenburgUnmarried11 February 1825
Gotha
aged 50		Left no male descendants. The territory was divided between Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld and Saxe-Hildburghausen.
Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg divided between its neighboursSaxe-Coburg-Saalfeld andSaxe-Hildburghausen
Anthonythe Kind27 December 1755
Dresden
Second son ofFrederick Christian andMaria Antonia of Bavaria		5 May 1827 – 6 June 1836Kingdom of SaxonyMaria Carolina of Savoy
29 September 1781
Stupinigi
(by proxy)
24 October 1781
Dresden
(in person)
no children

Maria Theresa of Austria
8 September 1787
Florence
(by proxy)
18 October 1787
Dresden
(in person)
four children		6 June 1836
Dresden
aged 80		Left no male descendants. He was succeeded by his nephew.
Charles Frederick2 February 1783
Weimar
Son ofCharles Augustus andLouise of Hesse-Darmstadt		14 June 1828 – 8 July 1853Grand Duchy of Weimar and EisenachMaria Pavlovna of Russia
3 August 1804
St. Petersburg
four children		8 July 1853
Schloss Belvedere
aged 70
Joseph27 August 1789
Hildburghausen
First son ofFrederick andCharlotte Georgine of Mecklenburg-Strelitz		29 September 1834 – 30 November 1848Duchy of AltenburgAmelia of Württemberg
24 April 1817
Kirchheim unter Teck
six children		25 November 1868
Altenburg
aged 79		He implemented several buildings in Altenburg, but his government was considered conservative and resistant to reform; for this, he was forced to abdicate during the civil revolution of 1848. Left no male descendants. He was succeeded by his brother George.
Frederick Augustus II18 May 1797
Pillnitz
First son ofPrince Maximilian of Saxony andPrincess Caroline of Parma		6 June 1836 – 9 August 1854Kingdom of SaxonyMaria Carolina of Austria
26 September 1819
Vienna
(by proxy)
7 October 1819
Dresden
(by person)
no children

Maria Anna of Bavaria
24 April 1833
Dresden
no children		9 August 1854
Karrösten
aged 57		Left no descendants. He was succeeded by his brother.
Ernest II21 June 1818
Ehrenburg Palace
Son ofErnest I andLouise of Saxe-Gotha and Altenburg		29 January 1844 – 22 August 1893Duchy of Coburg and GothaAlexandrine of Baden
3 May 1842
Karlsruhe
no children		22 August 1893
Reinhardsbrunn
aged 75		Left no descendants. He was succeeded by his nephews.
George24 July 1796
Hildburghausen
Second son ofFrederick andCharlotte Georgine of Mecklenburg-Strelitz		30 November 1848 – 3 August 1853Duchy of AltenburgMarie Louise of Mecklenburg-Schwerin
7 October 1825
Ludwigslust
three children		3 August 1853
Hummelshain
aged 57
Charles Alexander24 June 1818
Weimar
Son ofCharles Frederick andMaria Pavlovna of Russia		8 July 1853 – 5 January 1901Grand Duchy of Weimar and EisenachSophie of the Netherlands
8 October 1842
The Hague
four children		5 January 1901
Weimar
aged 82
Ernest I16 February 1826
Hildburghausen
Son ofGeorge andMarie Louise of Mecklenburg-Schwerin		3 August 1853 – 7 February 1908Duchy of AltenburgAgnes of Anhalt-Dessau
28 April 1853
Ludwigslust
two children		7 February 1908
Altenburg
aged 81		Left no male descendants. He was succeeded by his nephew.
John12 December 1801
Dresden
Second son ofPrince Maximilian of Saxony andPrincess Caroline of Parma		9 August 1854 – 29 October 1873Kingdom of SaxonyAmalie Auguste of Bavaria
10 November 1822
Munich
(by proxy)
21 November 1822
Dresden
(in person)
nine children		29 October 1873
Pillnitz
aged 71		Became a subordinate ruler in theGerman Empire after theUnification of Germany in 1871.
George II2 April 1826
Son ofBernard II andMarie Fredericka of Hesse-Kassel		20 September 1866 – 25 June 1914Duchy of MeiningenCharlotte of Prussia
18 May 1850
Berlin
four children

Feodora of Hohenlohe-Langenburg
23 October 1858
Langenburg
three children

Ellen Franz
18 March 1873
Liebenstein
(morganatic)
no children		25 June 1914
Bad Wildungen
aged 88
Albertthe Good23 April 1828
Dresden
First son ofJohn andAmalie Auguste of Bavaria		29 October 1873 – 19 June 1902Kingdom of SaxonyCarola of Sweden
18 June 1853
Dresden
no children		19 June 1902
Szczodre
aged 74
Alfred6 August 1844
Windsor Castle
Son ofPrince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha andVictoria, Queen of the United Kingdom		22 August 1893 – 30 July 1900Duchy of Coburg and GothaMaria Alexandrovna of Russia
23 January 1874
St Petersburg
six children		30 July 1900
Schloss Rosenau, Coburg
aged 55		Nephew of Ernest II.
Regency ofPrince Ernst of Hohenlohe-Langenburg (1900–1905)Nephew of Alfred. Monarchy abolished in 1918.
Charles Edward19 July 1884
Claremont
Son ofPrince Leopold of the United Kingdom andPrincess Helena of Waldeck and Pyrmont		30 July 1900 – 13 November 1918Duchy of Coburg and GothaVictoria Adelaide of Schleswig-Holstein
11 October 1905
Schleswig
five children		6 March 1954
Coburg
aged 69>
William Ernest10 June 1876
Weimar
Son ofPrince Charles Augustus of Saxe-Weimar and Eisenach andPrincess Pauline of Saxe-Weimar and Eisenach		5 January 1901 – 13 November 1918Grand Duchy of Weimar and EisenachCaroline Reuss of Greiz
30 April 1903
Bückeburg
no children

Feodora of Saxe-Meiningen
14 January 1910
Meiningen
four children		24 April 1923
Henryków
aged 46		Grandson of Charles Alexander, as son ofCharles Augustus, Hereditary Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach. Monarchy abolished in 1918.
George8 August 1832
Dresden
Second son ofJohn andAmalie Auguste of Bavaria		19 June 1902 – 15 October 1904Kingdom of SaxonyMaria Anna of Portugal
11 May 1859
Lisbon
eight children		15 October 1904
Pillnitz
aged 72
Frederick Augustus III25 May 1865
Dresden
Son ofGeorge andMaria Anna of Portugal		15 October 1904 – 13 November 1918Kingdom of SaxonyLouise of Austria
21 November 1891
Vienna
(annulled by royal decree in 1903, after her escape from court)
seven children		18 February 1932
Szczodre
aged 66		The last King of Saxony. Abdicated voluntarily in theGerman Revolution of 1918–1919.[19]
Ernest II31 August 1871
Altenburg
Son ofPrince Maurice of Saxe-Altenburg andPrincess Augusta of Saxe-Meiningen		7 February 1908 – 13 November 1918Duchy of AltenburgAdelaide of Schaumburg-Lippe
17 February 1898
Bückeburg
(annulled 1920)
four children

Maria Triebel
15 July 1934
Trockenborn-Wolfersdorf
(morganatic)
no children		22 March 1955
Trockenborn-Wolfersdorf
aged 83		Grandson of George and nephew of Ernest I. Monarchy abolished in 1918.
Bernard III1 April 1851
Meiningen
Son ofGeorge II andCharlotte of Prussia		25 June 1914 – 13 November 1918Duchy of MeiningenCharlotte of Prussia
18 February 1878
Berlin
two children		16 January 1928
Meiningen
aged 76		Monarchy abolished in 1918.

Coats of arms

[edit]

For an extensive treatment of the coats of arms, see:Coat of arms of Saxony

or in French:Armorial de la maison de Wettin

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^known until 1826 as theHouse of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld

References

[edit]
  1. ^Lexikon des Mittelalters, vol. IX, col. 50, Munich 1969–1999
  2. ^abcKellner, Stefanie (February 2016)."Die freiheitliche Geisteshaltung der Ernestiner prägte Europa".Monumente (in German). pp. 9–16. Retrieved16 February 2016.
  3. ^ab"Carlota | archduchess of Austria | Britannica". 3 June 2023.
  4. ^Anne Edwards,Matriarch: Queen Mary and the House of Windsor (2014), p. 300.
  5. ^"We can hazard a guess that Wettin and Wipper, if given an English pronunciation, sounded quite as unsuitably comic in the ears of this sailor King in 1917 as they do to us today."Elizabeth Longford,The Royal House of Windsor (1984), p. 21.
  6. ^"British courtiers thought it sounded 'unsuitably comic' and the cumbersome 'Saxe-Coburg-Gotha' was invariably used." Barry Jones,Dictionary of World Biography 4th ed. (2017), p. 892.
  7. ^"Since the Saxe-Coburg family belonged to the House of Wettin in the District of Wipper,Wettin orWipper might be more appropriate. Either one could have passed for an English name, but both were considered 'unsuitably comic.'" Anne Edwards,Matriarch: Queen Mary and the House of Windsor (2014),p. 302.
  8. ^Please note that the March of Lusatia existed consistently from the 11th to the 14th century. Here, the concept ofcreation indicates the family's grip on the territory.
  9. ^abDuring theSchmalkaldic War, the Albertine Duke allied withCharles V, Holy Roman Emperor and the Ernestine Elector opposed him. After the Emperor's victory, he exchanged the dignities (and territories) of both lines, promoting his ally and depromoting his opponent.
  10. ^Divided inCoburg andSaalfeld until reunion of both territories in 1699.
  11. ^Sometimes numbered II afterOtto I, Margrave of Meissen.
  12. ^Given that Agnes was known asof Rochlitz, it is likely that she became the heiress of that seat, that passed to her descendants but eventually returned to the family, as it is shown between the Wettin's possessions in the 16th-century.
  13. ^CountedTheodoric II in Lusatia.
  14. ^abcdefghiNickname given to him by theFruitbearing Society.
  15. ^Known in theFruitbearing Society asthe Accumulator.
  16. ^Known in theFruitbearing Society asthe Tasty.
  17. ^Known in theFruitbearing Society asthe Bittersweet.
  18. ^Known in theFruitbearing Society asthe Crowning One.
  19. ^"Information in English language - Saxony during the Weimar Republic 1918-1933".www.sachsen.de.Archived from the original on 6 April 2016. Retrieved7 May 2018.

External links

[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related toHouse of Wettin.
After partitions
Reigning
Non-reigningpretenders
International
National
People
Other
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=House_of_Wettin&oldid=1338364477"
Categories:
Hidden categories:
[8]ページ先頭
©2009-2026 Movatter.jp