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House of Hohenzollern

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
German royal and imperial dynasty
"Hohenzollern" redirects here. For other uses, seeHohenzollern (disambiguation).
House of Hohenzollern
CountryGermany,Romania
EtymologyHohenzollern Castle
FoundedBefore 1061
FounderBurkhard I, Lord of Zollern
Current head
Final ruler
TitlesPrince of Romania Grand Voevode of Alba Iulia
Estate(s)Germany, Prussia, Romania, Russia
Deposition
Cadet branches

TheHouse of Hohenzollern (/ˌhoʊənˈzɒlərn/,US also/-nˈzɔːl-,-ntˈsɔːl-/;[1][2][3][4]German:Haus Hohenzollern,pronounced[ˌhaʊshoːənˈtsɔlɐn]ⓘ;Romanian:Casa de Hohenzollern) is a formerly royal (and from 1871 to 1918, imperial) Germandynasty whose members were variouslyprinces,electors,kings andemperors ofHohenzollern,Brandenburg,Prussia, theGerman Empire, andRomania. The family came from the area around the town ofHechingen inSwabia during the late 11th century and took their name fromHohenzollern Castle.[5] The first ancestors of the Hohenzollerns were mentioned in 1061.

The Hohenzollern family split into two branches, theCatholicSwabian branch and theProtestantFranconian branch,[6] which ruled theBurgraviate of Nuremberg and later became theBrandenburg-Prussian branch. The Swabian branch ruled the principalities ofHohenzollern-Hechingen andHohenzollern-Sigmaringen until 1849, and also ruled Romania from 1866 to 1947. Members of the Franconian branch became Margrave of Brandenburg in 1415 andDuke of Prussia in 1525.

The Margraviate of Brandenburg and the Duchy of Prussia were ruled inpersonal union after 1618 and were called Brandenburg-Prussia. From there, theKingdom of Prussia was created in 1701, eventually leading to theunification of Germany and the creation of the German Empire in 1871, with the Hohenzollerns as hereditaryGerman Emperors and Kings of Prussia.

Germany's defeat inWorld War I in 1918 led to theGerman Revolution. TheHohenzollerns were overthrown and theWeimar Republic was established, thus bringing an end to theGerman and Prussian monarchy.Georg Friedrich, Prince of Prussia, is the current head of the formerly royal Prussian line, whileKarl Friedrich, Prince of Hohenzollern, is the head of the formerly princely Swabian line.[6]

County of Zollern

[edit]
For a complete list of rulers, seeHouse of Hohenzollern § Rulers of the House of Hohenzollern.
Hohenzollern Castle, nearHechingen, was built in the mid-19th century byFrederick William IV of Prussia on the remains of the castle founded in the early 11th century.
Alpirsbach Abbey, founded by the Hohenzollerns in 1095

Zollern, from 1218 Hohenzollern, was acounty of theHoly Roman Empire. Later its capital wasHechingen.

The Hohenzollerns named their estates afterHohenzollern Castle in theSwabian Alps. The Hohenzollern Castle lies on an 855 meters high mountain calledHohenzollern. It still belongs to the family today.

The dynasty was first mentioned in 1061. According to the medieval chroniclerBerthold of Reichenau,Burkhard I, Count of Zollern (de Zolorin) was born before 1025 and died in 1061.[7]

In 1095, Count Adalbert of Zollern founded theBenedictinemonastery of Alpirsbach, situated in theBlack Forest.

The Zollerns received theGraf title from EmperorHenry V in 1111.

As loyal vassals of the SwabianHohenstaufen dynasty, they were able to significantly enlarge their territory. CountFrederick III (c. 1139 – c. 1200) accompanied EmperorFrederick Barbarossa againstHenry the Lion in 1180, and through his marriage was granted theBurgraviate of Nuremberg by EmperorHenry VI in 1192. In about 1185, he married Sophia ofRaabs, the daughter ofConrad II, Burgrave of Nuremberg.[6] After the death of Conrad II who left no male heirs, Frederick III was granted Nuremberg asBurgrave Frederick I.

In 1218, the burgraviate passed to Frederick's elder sonConrad I; he thereby became the ancestor of theFranconian Hohenzollern branch, which acquired theElectorate of Brandenburg in 1415.[6]

Franconian branch

[edit]
For a complete list of rulers, seeHouse of Hohenzollern § Rulers of the House of Hohenzollern.

The senior Franconian branch of the House of Hohenzollern was founded by Conrad I, Burgrave of Nuremberg (1186–1261).

The family supported theHohenstaufen andHabsburg rulers of theHoly Roman Empire during the 12th to 15th centuries, being rewarded with several territorial grants. Beginning in the 16th century, this branch of the family became Protestant and decided on expansion through marriage and the purchase of surrounding lands.

In the first phase, the family gradually added to their lands, at first with many small acquisitions in the Franconian region ofGermany:

In the second phase, the family expanded their lands further with large acquisitions in the Brandenburg and Prussian regions of Germany and present-day Poland:

These acquisitions eventually transformed the Franconian Hohenzollerns from a minor German princely family into one of the most important dynasties in Europe.

From 8 January 1701 the title of Elector of Brandenburg was attached to the title ofKingin Prussia and, from 13 September 1772, to that of Kingof Prussia.

Burgraviate of Nuremberg (1192–1427) and the Principalities of Ansbach (1398–1791) and Kulmbach/Bayreuth (1398–1791)

[edit]
Main articles:Burgraviate of Nuremberg andPrincipality of Ansbach

As a burgraviate, Nuremberg was located in the namesake town; almost two centuries later, the burgraviate lost power over the city, which became independent from 1219. The burgraviate was eventually partitioned into Ansbach and Bayreuth. In 1427 Frederick, Elector of Brandenburg soldNuremberg Castle and his rights as burgrave to theImperial City of Nuremberg. The territories of Brandenburg-Ansbach and Brandenburg-Kulmbach remained possessions of the family, once parts of the Burgraviate of Nuremberg.

  • Nuremberg Castle (the Emperor's castle, left, and the Burgrave's castle, right)
    Nuremberg Castle (the Emperor's castle, left, and the Burgrave's castle, right)
  • Cadolzburg Castle near Nuremberg (from 1260 seat of the Burgraves)
    Cadolzburg Castle near Nuremberg (from 1260 seat of the Burgraves)
  • Heilsbronn Abbey, which the Hohenzollerns used as the family burial place
    Heilsbronn Abbey, which the Hohenzollerns used as the family burial place
  • Region of Nuremberg, Ansbach, Kulmbach and Bayreuth (Franconia)
    Region of Nuremberg, Ansbach, Kulmbach and Bayreuth (Franconia)
  • Coat of arms of Brandenburg-Kulmbach and Bayreuth.
    Coat of arms of Brandenburg-Kulmbach and Bayreuth.
Burgraviate of Nuremberg (Burggraftschaft Nürnberg) with the independent Free Imperial City of Nuremberg in red
The original Burgraviate of Nuremberg (BurggraftschaftNürnberg) developed into the Burgraviate of Ansbach and the Burgraviate of Bayreuth with the independent Free Imperial City of Nuremberg in red.

Dukes of Jägerndorf (1523–1622)

[edit]
Main article:Duchy of Krnov

The Duchy of Jägerndorf (Krnov) was purchased in 1523, and was confiscated byEmperor Ferdinand III in 1622.

Margraviate of Brandenburg (1415–1619)

[edit]
Main article:Margraviate of Brandenburg
Frederick VI became Margrave of Brandenburg in 1415.

In 1411,Frederick VI, Burgrave of the small but wealthy Nuremberg, was appointed governor of Brandenburg in order to restore order and stability. At theCouncil of Constance in 1415, KingSigismund elevated Frederick to the rank of Elector and Margrave of Brandenburg as Frederick I. In 1417, Elector Frederick purchased Brandenburg from its then-sovereign, Emperor Sigismund, for 400,000 Hungarian guilders.

  • Coats of arms of the Margraviate of Küstrin.
    Coats of arms of the Margraviate of Küstrin.
  • Coats of arms of the Margraviate of Schwedt.
    Coats of arms of the Margraviate of Schwedt.

Margraviate of Küstrin (1535–1571)

[edit]
Main article:Margraviate of Brandenburg-Küstrin

The short-livedMargraviate of Brandenburg-Küstrin was set up as asecundogeniture of the House of Hohenzollern.

Margraviate of Schwedt (1688–1788)

[edit]
Main article:Brandenburg-Schwedt

Although recognized as a branch of the dynasty since 1688, theMargraviate of Brandenburg-Schwedt remained subordinate to the electors, and was never an independent principality.

Dukes of Prussia (1525–1701)

[edit]
Main article:Dukes of Prussia

In 1525, theDuchy of Prussia was established as afief of theKing of Poland.Albert of Prussia was the lastGrand Master of theTeutonic Knights and the first Duke of Prussia. He belonged to the Ansbach branch of the dynasty. The Duchy of Prussia adopted Protestantism as the officialstate religion.

From 1701, the title of Duke of Prussia was attached to the title of King in and of Prussia.

Kingsin Prussia (1701–1772) and Kingdomof Prussia (1772-1918)

[edit]
See also:List of monarchs of Prussia
Coronation ofFrederick I inKönigsberg

In 1701, the title ofKing in Prussia was granted, without the Duchy of Prussia being elevated to a Kingdom within Poland but recognized as a kingdom by the Holy Roman Emperor, theoretically the highest sovereign in the West. From 1701 onwards the titles of Duke of Prussia and Elector of Brandenburg were always attached to the title of King in Prussia. The Duke of Prussia adopted the title of king asFrederick I, establishing his status as a monarch whose royal territory lay outside the boundaries of the Holy Roman Empire, with the assent of EmperorLeopold I: Frederick could not be "King of Prussia" because part of Prussia's lands were under thesuzerainty of theCrown of the Kingdom of Poland. In Brandenburg and the other Hohenzollern domains within the borders of the empire, he was legally still an elector under the ultimate overlordship of the emperor. By this time, however, the emperor's authority had become purely nominal over the other German princes outside the immediate hereditary lands of the emperor. Brandenburg was still legally part of the empire and ruled in personal union with Prussia, though the two states came to be treated as onede facto. The king was officiallyMargrave of Brandenburg within the Empire until the Empire's dissolution in 1806. In the age ofabsolutism, most monarchs were obsessed with the desire to emulateLouis XIV of France with his luxuriouspalace at Versailles.

In 1772, the Duchy of Prussia was elevated to a kingdom.

Expansion of Prussia, 1807–1871

Frederick William's successor,Frederick the Great gainedSilesia in theSilesian Wars so that Prussia emerged as agreat power. The king was strongly influenced by French culture and civilization and preferred the French language.

In the 1772First Partition of Poland, the Prussian kingFrederick the Great annexed neighboringRoyal Prussia, i.e., the Polish voivodeships ofPomerania (Gdańsk Pomerania orPomerelia),Malbork,Chełmno and thePrince-Bishopric of Warmia, thereby connecting his Prussian andFarther Pomeranian lands and cutting off the rest of Poland from theBaltic coast. The territory ofWarmia was incorporated into the lands of former Ducal Prussia, which, by administrative deed of 31 January 1772 were namedEast Prussia. The former Polish Pomerelian lands beyond theVistula River together with Malbork andChełmno Land formed the province ofWest Prussia with its capital atMarienwerder (Kwidzyn) in 1773. The PolishPartition Sejm ratified the cession on 30 September 1772, whereafter Frederick officially went on to call himselfKing "of" Prussia. From 1772 onwards the titles of Duke of Prussia and Elector of Brandenburg were always attached to the title King of Prussia.

In 1871, the Kingdom of Prussia became a constituent member of theGerman Empire, and the King of Prussia gained the additional title ofGerman Emperor.

German Empire (1871–1918)

[edit]
Main article:German Emperor
Prussia in the German Empire, 1871–1918

In 1871, the German Empire was proclaimed. With the accession ofWilliam I to the newly established imperial German throne, the titles of King of Prussia, Duke of Prussia and Elector of Brandenburg were always attached to the title ofGerman Emperor.

Prussia's Minister PresidentOtto von Bismarck convinced William that German Emperor instead of Emperor of Germany would be appropriate. He becameprimus inter pares among other German sovereigns.

William II intended to develop aGerman navy capable of challenging Britain'sRoyal Navy. The assassination ofArchduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria on 28 June 1914 set off the chain of events that led toWorld War I. As a result of the war, the German, Russian, Austro-Hungarian and Ottoman empires ceased to exist.

The new Hohenzollern crypt (Hohenzollerngruft) in the newBerlin Cathedral was completed in 1905.

In 1918, the German empire was abolished and replaced by theWeimar Republic. After the outbreak of the German revolution in 1918, both Emperor William II and Crown PrinceWilliam signed the document of abdication.

Prussian Hohenzollern religion and religious policy

[edit]

The official religion of the state was "bi-confessional". John Sigismund's most significant action was his conversion fromLutheranism toCalvinism, after he had earlier equalized the rights of Catholics and Protestants in the Duchy of Prussia under pressure from the King of Poland. He was probably won over to Calvinism during a visit toHeidelberg in 1606, but it was not until 25 December 1613 that he publicly tookcommunion according to the Calvinist rite. The vast majority of his subjects in Brandenburg, including his wifeAnna of Prussia, remained deeply Lutheran, however. After the Elector and his Calvinist court officials drew up plans for mass conversion of the population to the new faith in February 1614, as provided for by the rule ofCuius regio, eius religio within theHoly Roman Empire, there were serious protests, with his wife backing the Lutherans. This was doubly important as Anna brought with her the duchy of Prussia into the Brandenburg line of the house and the nascent Brandenburg-Prussian state. Resistance was so strong that in 1615, John Sigismund backed down and relinquished all attempts at forcible conversion. Instead, he allowed his subjects to be either Lutheran or Calvinist according to the dictates of their own consciences. Henceforward, Brandenburg-Prussia would be a bi-confessional state, with the ruling Hohenzollern house stayingCalvinist.[8]

This situation persisted until Frederick William III of Prussia. Frederick William was determined to unify the Protestant churches to homogenize their liturgy, organization, and architecture. The long-term goal was to have fully centralized royal control of all the Protestant churches in thePrussian Union of churches. The merging of the Lutheran and Calvinist (Reformed) confessions to form the United Church of Prussia was highly controversial. Angry responses included a large and well-organized opposition. The crown's aggressive efforts to restructure religion were unprecedented in Prussian history. In a series of proclamations over several years, theChurch of the Prussian Union was formed, bringing together the majority group of Lutherans and the minority group of Reformed Protestants. The main effect was that the government of Prussia had full control over church affairs, with the king himself recognized as the leading bishop.[9]

Succession tree of the Franconian House of Hohenzollern

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Table of the Royal Brandenburg-Prussian House of Hohenzollern

Franconian/Brandenburg-Prussian branch since 1918 abdication

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Georg Friedrich, the head of the Prussian Hohenzollerns, and his wife
George Friedrich Prinz von Preussen standing in Hohenzollern Castle.
George Friedrich photographed byOliver Mark inHohenzollern Castle, Bisingen 2018

In June 1926, areferendum on expropriating the formerly ruling princes of Germany without compensation failed and as a consequence, the financial situation of the Hohenzollern family improved considerably. A settlement between the state and the family madeCecilienhof property of the state but granted a right of residence to Crown Prince Wilhelm and his wife Cecilie. The family also kept the ownership ofMonbijou Palace in Berlin,Oleśnica Castle in Silesia,Rheinsberg Palace,Schwedt Palace and other property until 1945.

Since the abolition of the German monarchy, no Hohenzollern claims to imperial or royal prerogatives are recognized by Germany'sBasic Law for the Federal Republic of Germany of 1949, which guarantees a republic.

The communist government of theSoviet occupation zone expropriated all landowners and industrialists; the House of Hohenzollern lost almost all of its fortune, retaining a few company shares andHohenzollern Castle inWest Germany. The Polish government appropriated theSilesian property and the Dutch government seizedHuis Doorn, the Emperor's seat in exile.

AfterGerman reunification, however, the family was legally able to reclaim their portable property, namely art collections and parts of the interior of their former palaces. Negotiations on the return of or compensation for these assets are not yet completed.

TheBerlin Palace, home of the German monarchs, was rebuilt in 2020. The Berlin Palace and theHumboldt Forum are located in the middle of Berlin.

Order of succession

[edit]
Arms of George Friedrich as Prince of Prussia
(also often depicted without the central Hohenzollern shield, and just the "FR")
NameTitular
reign		Relation to predecessor
Wilhelm II1918–1941Succeeded himself aspretender to the throne.
Crown Prince Wilhelm1941–1951Son of
Louis Ferdinand, Prince of Prussia1951–1994Son of
Georg Friedrich, Prince of Prussiasince 1994Grandson of
Carl Friedrich, Prince of Prussia(heir apparent)Son of

The head of the house is the titular King of Prussia and German Emperor. He also bears a historical claim to the title ofPrince of Orange. Members of this line style themselves princes of Prussia.

Georg Friedrich, Prince of Prussia, the current head of the royal Prussian House of Hohenzollern, was married toPrincess Sophie of Isenburg on 27 August 2011. On 20 January 2013, she gave birth to twin sons, Carl Friedrich Franz Alexander and Louis Ferdinand Christian Albrecht, inBremen. Carl Friedrich, the elder of the two, is the heir apparent.[10]

Living legitimate members of the Prussian branch

[edit]

Bold signifies heads of the house and numbers shown indicate the pretense to the kingship of Prussia and the German Empire:

Swabian branch

[edit]
For a complete list of rulers, seeHouse of Hohenzollern § Rulers of the House of Hohenzollern.
Combined coat of arms of the House ofHohenzollern-Sigmaringen (1849)

The cadet Swabian[11] branch of the House of Hohenzollern was founded byFrederick IV, Count of Zollern. The family ruled three territories with seats at, respectively,Hechingen,Sigmaringen andHaigerloch. The counts were elevated to princes in 1623. The Swabian branch of the Hohenzollerns isCatholic.

Affected by economic problems and internal feuds, the Hohenzollern counts from the 14th century onwards came under pressure by their neighbors, the Counts ofWürttemberg and the cities of theSwabian League, whose troops besieged and finally destroyed Hohenzollern Castle in 1423. Nevertheless, the Hohenzollerns retained their estates, backed by their Brandenburg cousins and the ImperialHouse of Habsburg. In 1535, CountCharles I of Hohenzollern (1512–1576) received the counties ofSigmaringen andVeringen as Imperial fiefs.[6]

In 1576, whenCharles I, Count of Hohenzollern died, his county was divided to form the three Swabian branches.Eitel Frederick IV tookHohenzollern with the title of Hohenzollern-Hechingen,Karl II took Sigmaringen and Veringen, andChristopher got Haigerloch. Christopher's family died out in 1634.

In 1695, the remaining two Swabian branches entered into an agreement with the Margrave of Brandenburg, which provided that if both branches became extinct, the principalities should fall to Brandenburg. Because of theRevolutions of 1848,Constantine, Prince of Hohenzollern-Hechingen andKarl Anton, Prince of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen abdicated their thrones in December 1849. The principalities were ruled by the Kings of Prussia from December 1849 onwards, with the Hechingen and Sigmaringen branches obtaining official treatment as cadets of the Prussian royal family.

The Hohenzollern-Hechingen branch became extinct in 1869. A descendant of this branch wasCountess Sophie Chotek,morganatic wife ofArchduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Lotharingen.

Counts of Hohenzollern (1204–1575)

[edit]
Hohenzollern region, in present-dayBaden-Württemberg,Germany (red color) and their Prussian cousins' kingdom (light beige)

In 1204, the County of Hohenzollern was established out of the fusion of the County of Zollern and theBurgraviate of Nuremberg. The Swabian branch inherited the county of Zollern and, being descended from Frederick I of Nuremberg, were all named "Friedrich" down through the 11th generation.[12] Each one's numeral is counted from the first Friedrich to rule his branch'sappanage.[12]

The most senior of these in the 14th century, CountFrederick VIII (d. 1333), had two sons, the elder of whom becameFrederick IX (d. 1379), first Count of Hohenzollern, and fathered Friedrich X who left no sons when he died in 1412.[12]

But the younger son of Friedrich VIII, calledFriedrich of Strassburg, uniquely, took no numeral of his own, retaining the old title "Count of Zollern" and pre-deceased his brother in 1364/65.[12] Prince Wilhelm Karl zu Isenburg's 1957 genealogical series,Europäische Stammtafeln, says Friedrich of Strassburg shared, rather, in the rule of Zollern with his elder brother until his premature death.[12]

It appears, but is not stated, that Strassburg's son became the recognized co-ruler of his cousin Friedrich X (as compensation for having received no appanage and/or because of incapacity on the part of Friedrich X) and, as such, assumed (or is, historically, attributed) the designationFrederick XI although he actually pre-deceased Friedrich X, dying in 1401.

Friedrich XI, however, left two sons who jointly succeeded their cousin-once-removed, being CountFrederick XII (d. childless 1443) and Count Eitel Friedrich I (d. 1439), the latter becoming the ancestor of all subsequent branches of the Princes of Hohenzollern.[12]

In the 12th century, a son ofFrederick I secured the county ofHohenberg. The county remained in the possession of the family until 1486.

The influence of the Swabian line was weakened by several partitions of its lands. In the 16th century, the situation changed completely whenEitel Frederick II, a friend and adviser of the emperorMaximilian I, received the district ofHaigerloch. His grandsonCharles I was granted the counties of Sigmaringen and Vehringen byCharles V.

Counts, later Princes of Hohenzollern-Hechingen (1576–1849)

[edit]
Stetten Abbey church inHechingen, the burial place of the Swabian line
Main article:Hohenzollern-Hechingen

TheCounty of Hohenzollern-Hechingen was established in 1576 withallodial rights. It included the original County of Zollern, with theHohenzollern Castle and the monastery at Stetten.

In December 1849, the ruling princes of both Hohenzollern-Hechingen and Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen abdicated their thrones, and their principalities were incorporated as the Prussianprovince of Hohenzollern.[6] The Hechingen branch became extinct in dynastic line with Konstantin's death in 1869.

Counts of Hohenzollern-Haigerloch (1576–1634 and 1681–1767)

[edit]
Main article:Hohenzollern-Haigerloch

TheCounty of Hohenzollern-Haigerloch was established in 1576 without allodial rights.

Between 1634 and 1681, the county was temporarily integrated into the principality of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen.

Upon the death of Francis Christopher Anton in 1767, the Haigerloch territory was incorporated into the principality of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen.

Counts, later Princes of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen (1576–1849)

[edit]
Sigmaringen Castle
Main article:Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen

The County ofHohenzollern-Sigmaringen was established in 1576 with allodial rights and a seat atSigmaringen Castle.

In December 1849, sovereignty over the principality was yielded to the Franconian branch of the family and incorporated into theKingdom of Prussia, which accorded status as cadets of the Prussian Royal Family to the Swabian Hohenzollerns. The last ruling Prince of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen,Karl Anton, would later serve asMinister President of Prussia between 1858 and 1862.

House of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen after 1849

[edit]
Main article:House of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen
Map of the PrussianProvince of Hohenzollern after 1850
Karl Friedrich, Prince of Hohenzollern, head of the Swabian branch

The family continued to use the title of Prince of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen. After the Hechingen branch became extinct in 1869, the Sigmaringen branch adopted title ofPrince of Hohenzollern.

In 1866,Prince Charles of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen was chosenprince of Romania, becomingKing Carol I of Romania in 1881.

Charles's elder brother,Leopold, Prince of Hohenzollern, was offered theSpanish throne in 1870 after a revolt exiledIsabella II in 1868. Although encouraged byBismarck to accept, Leopold declined in the face of French opposition. Nonetheless, Bismarck altered and then published theEms telegram to create acasus belli: France declared war, but Bismarck's Germany won theFranco-Prussian War.

The head of the Sigmaringen branch (the only extant line of the Swabian branch of the dynasty) isKarl Friedrich, styledHis Highness The Prince of Hohenzollern. His official seat isSigmaringen Castle.[6]

Kings of the Romanians

[edit]
Main article:Kingdom of Romania

Reigning (1866–1947)

[edit]
Coronation ofCarol I inBucharest
Evolution of Romania

ThePrincipality of Romania was established in 1862, after theOttoman vassal states ofWallachia andMoldavia had been united in 1859 underAlexandru Ioan Cuza asPrince of Romania in apersonal union. He was deposed in 1866 by the Romanian parliament.

Prince Charles of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen was invited to become reigning Prince of Romania in 1866. In 1881 he became Carol I,King of Romania. Carol I had an only daughter who died young, so the younger son of his brother Leopold,Prince Ferdinand of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen, would succeed his uncle as King of Romania in 1914, and his descendants, having converted to theOrthodox Church, continued to reign there until the end of the monarchy in 1947.

See also:King of Romania andRomanian royal family

Succession since 1947

[edit]

In 1947, the King Michael I abdicated and the country was proclaimed aPeople's Republic. Michael did not press his claim to the defunct Romanian throne, but he was welcomed back to the country after half a century in exile as a private citizen, with substantial former royal properties being placed at his disposal. However, his dynastic claim was not recognized by post-Communist Romanians.

On 10 May 2011, King Michael I severed the dynastic ties between the Romanian Royal Family and the House of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen.[13]After that the branch of the Hohenzollerns wasdynastically represented only by the last king Michael, and his daughters. Having no sons, he declared that his dynastic heir, instead of being a male member of the Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen princely family to which he formerly belongedpatrilineally and in accordance with the last Romanian monarchical constitution, should be his eldest daughterMargareta.[14]

The royal house remains popular in Romania[15] and in 2014 Prime MinisterVictor Ponta promised a referendum on whether or not to reinstate the monarchy if he were re-elected.

Rulers of the House of Hohenzollern

[edit]

House of Hohenzollern

[edit]
Partitions of the House of Hohenzollern
Divided inWallachia andMoldavia (1310/46-1859), thenUnited Principalities (1859-1866); underOttomanvassalage (1417/98-1866)      Part of the Ascanian and WittelsbachMargraviate of Brandenburg (1157-1356) and lateElectorate of Brandenburg (1356-1440)Part of theState of the Teutonic Order (1226-1525)

County of Hohenberg
(1124-1253)		      
County of Zollern
(1040-1218)
Burgraviate of Nuremberg
(1200-1440)

County of Nagold
(1253-1363)
County of Haigerloch
(1st creation)
(1253-1389)[16]

County of Wildberg
(1318-1397)		      
Sold toWürttemberg
Haigerloch sold to theHouse of Habsburg; Recovered in 1497 fromSwitzerlandRaised to:

County of Hohenzollern
(1218-1512)
Sold toBaden            
            Raised to:

Electorate of Brandenburg
(1440-1701)

County of Haigerloch
(2nd creation)
(1512-1558)
County of Hechingen
(1st creation)
(1512-1558)		Principality of Kulmbach[17]
(1515-1557)
Principality of Ansbach[17]
(1486-1791)

Duchy of Prussia
(1525-1618)
County of Hohenzollern
(1558-1575)		      

County of Haigerloch
(3rd creation)
(1575-1634)
County of Sigmaringen
(1575-1623)
County of Hechingen
(2nd creation)
(1575-1623)

Raised to:

Principality of Hechingen
(1623-1849)
Principality of Bayreuth[17]
(1603-1769)		      
      
            

County of Haigerloch
(4th creation)
(1680-1767)		Raised to:

Principality of Sigmaringen
(1623-1849)		      
      Raised to:

Kingdom of Prussia
(1701-1871)

March of Schwedt
(1692-1788)
                  
            

Principality of Romania
(Ottoman vassal 1866-1877)
(Sigmaringen branch)
(1866-1881)
Raised to:

Kingdom of Romania
(Sigmaringen branch)
(1881-1947)		Raised to:

German Empire
(1871-1918)
Weimar Republic
Table of rulers
RulerBornReignRuling partConsortDeathNotes
Burchard I[6]c.1020
Son of Friedrich of Sülichgau andIrmentrud of Nellenburg
(disputed)		1040 – 1061County of ZollernAnastasia of Rheinfelden
one child		1061
aged 40–41		First documented member of the family.
Frederick IMaute[6]c.1050
Son ofBurchard I and Anastasia of Rheinfelden		1061 – 1125County of ZollernUdehild of Urach
eight children		1125
aged 74–75
Frederick IIc.1100
First son ofFrederick I andUdehild of Urach[18]: XLI 		1125 – 1155County of ZollernUnknown
two children		c.1155
aged 54–55		Children of Frederick I, divided their inheritance.
Burchard II [bg]c.1096
Second son ofFrederick I andUdehild of Urach[18]: XLI 		1125 – 1154County of HohenbergHelmburgis of Schala-Burghausen
(d.c.1155)
two children		1154
aged 57–58
Burchard III [bg]c.1130
Son ofBurchard II [bg] and Helmburgis of Schala-Burghausen		1154 – July 1193County of HohenbergKunigunde of Grünberg
two children		July 1193
aged 62–63
Godfreyc.1096
Third son ofFrederick I andUdehild of Urach[18]: XLI 		1155 – 1160County of ZollernUnmarried1160
aged 64–65		Brother of Frederick II, left no children. The county passed to his nephews.
Frederick III & Ic.1130
Son ofFrederick II		1160 – 1204County of Zollern
(withBurgraviate of Nurembergjure uxoris since 1184)		Sophie of Raabs
1184
three children		1204
aged 73–74
Burchard IV [bg]c.1150
First son ofBurchard III [bg] and Kunigunde of Grünberg		July 1193 – 1225County of HohenbergWillipurg von Eichelberg
two children		1225
aged 74–75?		Children of Burchard III, ruled jointly.
Albert Ic.1150
Second son ofBurchard III [bg] and Kunigunde of Grünberg		Unmarried1225?
aged 75–75?
Conrad Ithe Pious1186
First son ofFrederick III & I andSophie of Raabs		1204 – 1218County of ZollernClementia
four children

Unknown
two children		10 March 1261
aged 74–75		Children of Frederick III & I, divided their inheritance, but in 1218 exchanged it between themselves. Conrad, who received Zollern and exchanged it for Nuremberg, founded the Franconian branch, which later converted toProtestantism; Frederick received Nuremberg and exchanged it for Zollern, founded the Swabian branch, which remainsCatholic.[6]
1218 – 10 March 1261Burgraviate of Nuremberg
Frederick IV & IIthe Lion1188
Second son ofFrederick III & I andSophie of Raabs		1204 – 1218Burgraviate of NurembergElisabeth
four children		1255
aged 66-67
1218 – 1255County of Zollern
(until 1218)

County of Hohenzollern
(from 1218)
Burchard V [bg]c.1190
Son ofBurchard IV [bg] and Willipurg von Eichelberg		1225 – 14 July 1253County of HohenbergMatilda of Tübingen
c.1230
five children		14 July 1253
aged 62–63		Died by alightning strike.
Gertrude Annac.1225
Deilingen
Daughter ofBurchard V [bg] andMatilda of Tübingen		14 July 1253 – 16 February 1281County of Hohenberg
(atSélestat)		Rudolph I of Habsburg
1251
Alsace
eleven children		16 February 1281
Vienna
aged 55–56		Children of Burchard V, divided their inheritance. Gertrude's inheritance went to her descendants (the Habsburgs). Burchard associated his son Otto to his rule.
Albert IIthe Troubadourc.1235
First son ofBurchard V [bg] andMatilda of Tübingen		14 July 1253 – 17 April 1298County of Haigerloch
(with Hohenberg proper)		Unknown
two children

Margaret of Fürstenberg [bg]
1282
three children

Ursula of Oettingen
(d.1308)
c.1300
two children		17 April 1298
Leinstetten Castle [de]
aged 62–63
Burchard VI [bg]c.1240
Second son ofBurchard V [bg] andMatilda of Tübingen		14 July 1253 – 24 July 1318County of NagoldUnknown
one child

Luitgard of Tübingen
c.1275
three children		24 July 1318
aged 77–78
Otto I [bg]c.1275
First son ofBurchard VI [bg] andLuitgard of Tübingen		c.1290 – 12 July 1299Maria of Magenheim
1290
two children		12 July 1299
aged 23–24
Frederick Vthe Illustriousc.1230
Son ofFrederick IV & II and Elisabeth		1255 – 24 May 1289County of HohenzollernUdehild of Dillingen [bg]
1257
four children		24 May 1289
aged 58–59
Frederick IIIthe Heir1220
Nuremberg
Son ofConrad I and Clementia		10 March 1261 – 14 August 1297Burgraviate of NurembergElisabeth of Merania [bg]
1246
five children

Helene of Saxony
(1247-12 June 1309)
10 April 1280
three children		14 August 1297
Cadolzburg
aged 76–77		Children of Conrad I, divided their property. Frederick III inheritedBayreuth from his wife, while Conrad, in 1296, sold his property at Abensberg to theDiocese of Eichstätt.
Conrad IIthe Pious [de]1235
Nuremberg
Son ofConrad I		10 March 1261 – 1296Burgraviate of Nuremberg
(atAbenberg [de])		Agnes of Hohenlohe-Uffenheim [bg]
c.1250
seven children

Agnes of Hirschberg
(d.c.1300)
1295
no children		6 July 1314
aged 78–79
Frederick VIthe Knight1258
Son ofFrederick V andUdehild of Dillingen [bg]		24 May 1289 – 4 May 1298County of HohenzollernKunigunde of Baden [bg]
December 1281
six children		4 May 1298
aged 39–40
John I1279
Nuremberg
First son ofFrederick III andHelene of Saxony		14 August 1297 – 25 February 1300Burgraviate of NurembergAgnes of Hesse [de]
1297
no children		25 February 1300
aged 20–21		Died early and without descendants. He was succeeded by his brother.
Albert IIIRosselmannc.1260
Son ofAlbert II		17 April 1298 – November 1304County of HaigerlochUnknown
1 August 1284
Grüningen
no children

Clara Euphemia of Gorizia
February 1296
no children		November 1304
aged 43–44		Left no children. He was succeeded by his brother.
Frederick VIIthe Elderc.1285
First son ofFrederick VI andKunigunde of Baden [bg]		4 May 1298 – 6 October 1309County of HohenzollernEuphemia of Hohenberg-Haigerloch
(d.1333)
1298
six children		6 October 1309
aged 23–24
Frederick IV1287
Nuremberg
Second son ofFrederick III andHelene of Saxony		25 February 1300 – 19 May 1332Burgraviate of NurembergMargaret of Gorizia-Tyrol
2 August 1307
ten children		19 May 1332
aged 44–45		In 1331 he purchased the town ofAnsbach, nucleus of the laterPrincipality of Ansbach established in 1398.
Rudolph I [bg]c.1285
Son ofAlbert II andMargaret of Fürstenberg [bg]		November 1304 – 11 January 1336County of HaigerlochAgnes of Werdenberg-Heiligenberg
(d.1317)
c.1305?
five children

Irmengard of Württemberg
(1300-17 May 1329)
April 1318
no children

Elisabeth of Sponheim-Kreuznach
(1310-1349)
20 June 1331
Rottenburg am Neckar
no children		11 January 1336
Vienna (?)
aged 50–51		Rudolph II seemingly associated his eldest son to power, but he predeceased him.
Rudolph II [bg]c.1305
Son ofRudolph I [bg] andAgnes of Werdenberg-Heiligenberg		c.1320 – 26 February 1335Margaret of Nassau-Hadamar
(d.30 January 1370)
c.1320
three children		26 February 1335
aged 29–30?
Regency ofFrederick of Hohenzollern and/orEuphemia of Hohenberg-Haigerloch (1309–1314/5)Usually not counted or listed, probably because he died as minor. Nonetheless, he is documented asLord of Zollern.[19]
FrederickFritzli (I)c.1300
Son ofFrederick VII andEuphemia of Hohenberg-Haigerloch		6 October 1309 – 1315County of HohenzollernUnmarriedc.1315
aged 14–15?
Frederick VIIIthe Easter Sundayc.1285
Second son ofFrederick VI andKunigunde of Baden [bg]		1315 – 1 February 1333County of HohenzollernUnknown
four children		1 February 1333
aged 39–40
Burchard VII [bg]c.1280
Second son ofBurchard VI [bg] andLuitgard of Tübingen		24 July 1318 – 2 September 1355County of WildbergAgnes
c.1300?
seven children		2 September 1355
aged 74–75?		Heirs of Burchard VI (son and grandson), divided the inheritance.
Burchard VIII [bg]c.1290
Son ofOtto I [bg] and Maria of Magenheim		24 July 1318 – 1342County of NagoldAgnes of Vaihingen
1316
five children		1342
aged 51–52
John IIthe Acquirer1309
First son ofFrederick IV andMargaret of Gorizia-Tyrol		19 May 1332 – 7 October 1357Burgraviate of Nuremberg
(at Nuremberg proper)		Elisabeth of Henneberg-Schleusingen [it]
1333
five children		7 October 1357
aged 44–45		Children of Frederick IV, John and Conrad ruled jointly, until the death of the latter, one year later. By an agreement in 1341, John divided the Burgraviate with his brother Albert. John's cognomen derives from the purchase, in 1340, of the castle Plassenburg inKulmbach, with its respective county by the contract of inheritance with the counts of Orlamünde.
Conrad III [bg]1309
Second son ofFrederick IV andMargaret of Gorizia-Tyrol		19 May 1332 – 3 Apil 1334Irmgard of Hohenlohe-Weikersheim [nl]
1332
no children		31 July 1357
aged 44–45
Albertthe Beautiful [de]1319
Third son ofFrederick IV andMargaret of Gorizia-Tyrol		10 October 1341 – 4 April 1361Burgraviate of Nuremberg
(atHildburghausen,Heldburg,Eisfeld,Ermershausen andUmmerstadt)		Sophia of Henneberg-Schleusingen [it]
c.1330?
two children		4 April 1361
aged 44–45
FrederickFritzli (II)c.1300
First son ofFrederick VIII		1 February 1333 – 16 March 1339County of HohenzollernUnmarried16 March 1339
aged 38–39		Usually not counted or listed. Nonetheless, he is documented asLord of Zollern.
Rudolph III [bg]c.1320
Son ofRudolph II [bg] andMargaret of Nassau-Hadamar		11 January 1336 – November 1389County of Haigerloch
(only atRottenburg am Neckar since 1381)		Ida of Toggenburg
(d.26 January 1399)
May 1360
one child		November 1389
aged 50–51		In 1381, he sold Haigerloch to theHabsburgs. He remained in his seat atRottenburg am Neckar.
Haigerloch (with exceptions) was sold to Austria
Frederick IXthe Blackc.1300
Second son ofFrederick VIII		16 March 1339 – 1 March 1379County of Hohenzollern
(half 1)		Adelaide of Hohenberg-Wildenberg
April 1341
five children		1 March 1379
aged 78–79?		Younger children of Frederick VIII, divided their inheritance, because Frederick (X), formerly a canon of Strasbourg, returned to secular life.
Frederick (X)of Strasbourg [de]c.1300
Third son ofFrederick VIII		16 Mach 1339 – March 1365County of Hohenzollern
(half 2)		Margaret of Hohenberg-Wildenberg
1343
five children		March 1365
aged 64–65?
Otto II [bg]c.1320
Son ofBurchard VIII [bg] and Agnes of Vaihingen		1342 – 23 June 1363County of NagoldKunigunde of Wertheim
(d.1358)
27 February 1349
four children

Irmgard of Werdenberg
(d.24 October 1379)
13 July 1371
no children		6 July 1385
aged 64–655		In 1363 sold Nagold to the Counts of Württemberg. His descendants continued to claim, however, its possession.
Nagold sold to Württemberg
Burchard IX [bg]c.1310
First son ofBurchard VII [bg] and Agnes		2 September 1355 – 14 August 1363County of Wildberg
(in Wildberg half 1)		Anna of Brauneck
c.1330?
two children		10 August 1381
aged 70–71?		Divided their inheritance. In 1363, Burchard sold his half of Wildberg plus the town of Bulach to theElectoral Palatinate.
Conrad I [bg]c.1310
Second son ofBurchard VII [bg] and Agnes		2 September 1355 – 6 September 1356County of Wildberg
(inAltensteig and Wildberg half 2)		Margareta van Hewen
(d.December 1398)
c.1330?
two children		6 September 1356
aged 45–46?
Rudolph IVc.1330
Son ofConrad I [bg] and Margareta van Hewen		6 September 1356 – 28 December 1397County of Wildberg
(only inAltensteig since 1363)		Unknown
one child		28 December 1397
aged 66–67		Sold his half of Wildenberg to the Palatinate at the same time of his uncle Burchard. Didn't leave surviving descendants. Altensteig became part of theMargraviate of Baden.
Wildberg sold to the Palatinate; Altensteig annexed to Baden
Frederick V1333
Son ofJohn II andElisabeth of Henneberg-Schleusingen [it]		31 July 1357 – 21 January 1398Burgraviate of Nuremberg
(at Nuremberg proper)		Margaret of Gorizia-Tyrol
2 August 1307
ten children		21 January 1398
aged 44–45
Regency ofSophia of Henneberg-Schleusingen [it] (1361-1372)Through her marriage, her inheritance went to theHouse of Wettin.
Margaret [it]1359
Daughter ofAlbert [de] andSophia of Henneberg-Schleusingen [it]		4 April 1361 – 1391Burgraviate of Nuremberg
(atHildburghausen,Heldburg,Eisfeld,Ermershausen andUmmerstadt)		Balthasar, Landgrave of Thuringia
22 July 1374
two children		1391
aged 31–32
Frederick XIthe Elder[20]c.1345
Son ofFrederick (X) [de] andMargaret of Hohenberg-Wildenberg		March 1365 – 26 November 1401County of Hohenzollern
(half 2)		Adelaide of Fürstenberg [bg]
January 1377
six children		26 November 1401
aged 55–56?
Frederick Xthe Black[20]1342?
Son ofFrederick IX andAdelaide of Hohenberg-Wildenberg		1 March 1379 – 21 June 1412County of Hohenzollern
(half 1)		Anna of Hohenberg-Nagold
(d.1421)
c.1350?
no children		21 June 1412
aged 69–70?		His death with no descendants led to the reunion of the Hohenzollern patrimony.
Margaret [bg]c.1360
Daughter ofRudolph III [bg] andIda of Toggenburg		November 1389 – 26 February 1419County of Haigerloch
(atRottenburg am Neckar)		Bernard I, Margrave of Baden
1 September 1384
(annulled 1391)
no children

Herman VI, Count of Sulz-Klettgau [de]
April 1391
three children		26 February 1419
aged 58–59		Through her marriage, Rothenburg was inherited by theCounts of Sulz [de].
Rottenburg was inherited by theCounty of Sulz [de]
John III1369
First son ofFrederick V andElisabeth of Meissen		21 January 1398 – 11 June 1420Burgraviate of Nuremberg
(atKulmbach)		Margaret of Bohemia
1381
one child		11 June 1420
Plassenburg
aged 51–52		Divided their inheritance. Originally Burgrave of Nuremberg asFrederick VI, Frederick was appointed by KingSigismund in 1415 and enfeoffed in 1417. In 1420, with Jon's death with no descendants, he joined his ancestors' Nurembergian lands with Brandenburg. In 1427, he sold Nuremberg to theFree Imperial City of Nuremberg.
Frederick VI & I21 September 1371
Free Imperial City of Nuremberg
Second son ofFrederick V andElisabeth of Meissen		21 January 1398 – 20 September 1440Burgraviate of Nuremberg
(atAnsbach; in all Burgraviate since 1420)

Electorate of Brandenburg
(from 1415; withBurgraviate of Nuremberg until 1427)		Elisabeth of Bavaria-Landshut
18 September 1401
ten children		20 September 1440
Cadolzburg
aged 68
Frederick XIIof Oettingenc.1390
First son ofFrederick XI andAdelaide of Fürstenberg [bg]		26 November 1401 – 1428

30 September 1439 – 30 September 1443		County of Hohenzollern
(in half 2 until 1412; inall Hohenzollern since 1412)		Anna of Sulz
(d.1440)
c.1405?
no children		30 September 1443
Palestine
aged 52–53		Children of Frederick XI, ruled jointly. In 1412, they reunited the Hohenzollen patrimony. Between 1429 and 1439, Frederick XII was kept underHenriette, Countess of Montbéliard's custody.
Eitel Frederick I [de]c.1390
Second son ofFrederick XI andAdelaide of Fürstenberg [bg]		26 November 1401 – 30 September 1439Ursula of Rhäzüns
(d.17 February 1477)
1432
four children		30 September 1439
Hechingen
aged 48–49
Johnthe Alchemist1406
First son ofFrederick VI & I andElisabeth of Bavaria-Landshut		20 September 1440 – 1457Principality of KulmbachBarbara of Saxe-Wittenberg
1416
four children		16 November 1464
Baiersdorf
aged 57–58		Divided their inheritance. John abdicated in 1457. The second son, Frederick, inherited the electorate, but he didn't have male successors; the inheritance went to their younger brother.
Frederick IIIrontooth19 November 1413
Tangermünde
Second son ofFrederick VI & I andElisabeth of Bavaria-Landshut		20 September 1440 – 10 February 1471Electorate of BrandenburgCatherine of Saxony
11 June 1441
Wittenberg
three children		10 February 1471
Neustadt an der Aisch
aged 57
Albert I Achilles9 November 1414
Tangermünde
Third son ofFrederick VI & I andElisabeth of Bavaria-Landshut		20 September 1440 – 11 March 1486Principality of Ansbach
(withKulmbach since 1457)		Margaret of Baden
1446
four children

Anna of Saxony
12 November 1458
Ansbach
thirteen children		11 March 1486
Imperial City of Frankfurt
aged 71
10 February 1471 – 11 March 1486Electorate of Brandenburg
Jobst Nicholas I1433
Son ofEitel Frederick I [de] andUrsula of Rhäzüns		30 September 1443 – 9 February 1488County of HohenzollernAgnes of Werdenberg-Trochtelfingen
1448
six children		9 February 1488
Zollernalbkreis
aged 54–55		Under a succession treaty of 1429 with theHouse of Württemberg, the county would fall to the Counts of Württemberg if the Swabian branch of the House of Hohenzollern were to die out in the male line. With Jobst Nicholas's birth, this risk was averted.
John Cicero2 August 1455
Ansbach
Son ofAlbert I Achilles andMargaret of Baden		11 March 1486 – 9 January 1499Electorate of BrandenburgMargaret of Thuringia
15 August 1476
Berlin
six children		9 January 1499
Arneburg
aged 43		Children of Albert Achilles, divided their inheritance. Once more, as occurred in the previous generation, Kulmbach was annexed to Ansbach. In 1515, after depleting the finances of the march with his lavish lifestyle, Frederick I was deposed by his two sons.
Frederick Ithe Elder[21]8 May 1460
Ansbach
First son ofAlbert I Achilles andAnna of Saxony		11 March 1486 – 1515Principality of Ansbach
(withKulmbach since 1495)		Sophia of Poland
14 February 1479
Frankfurt (Oder)
seventeen children		4 April 1536
Ansbach
aged 75
Sigismund27 September 1468
Ansbach
Second son ofAlbert I Achilles andAnna of Saxony		11 March 1486 – 26 February 1495Principality of KulmbachUnmarried26 February 1495
Ansbach
aged 26
Eitel Frederick II1452
Son ofJobst Nicholas I andAgnes of Werdenberg-Trochtelfingen		9 February 1488 – 18 June 1512County of HohenzollernMagdalena of Brandenburg
1482
Berlin
six children		18 June 1512
Trier
aged 59–60
Joachim I Nestor21 February 1484
Cölln
Son ofJohn Cicero andMargaret of Thuringia		9 January 1499 – 11 July 1535Electorate of BrandenburgElizabeth of Denmark
10 April 1502
Berlin
five children		11 July 1535
Stendal
aged 51
Francis Wolfgang [de]1483
First son ofEitel Frederick II andMagdalena of Brandenburg		18 June 1512 – 16 June 1517County of HaigerlochRosine of Baden [de]
1503
six children		16 June 1517
Hechingen
aged 33–34		Children of Eitel Frederick II, divided their inheritance.
Eitel Frederick III1494
Second son ofEitel Frederick II andMagdalena of Brandenburg		18 June 1512 – 15 June 1525County of HechingenJohanna van Witthem
(d.1544)
1515
six children		15 June 1525
Pavia
aged 30–31
Casimir27 December 1481
Ansbach
First son ofFrederick I andSophia of Poland		1515 – 21 September 1527Principality of KulmbachSusanna of Bavaria
25 August 1518
Augsburg
five children		21 September 1527
Buda
aged 45		Children of Frederick I, deprived their father of his possessions and divided the inheritance.
George Ithe Pious4 March 1484
Ansbach
Second son ofFrederick I andSophia of Poland		1515 – 27 December 1543Principality of AnsbachBeatrice de Frangepan
21 January 1509
Gyula
no children

Hedwig of Münsterberg-Oels
9 January 1525
Oleśnica
two children

Emilie of Saxony
25 August 1533
four children		27 December 1543
Ansbach
aged 59
Rosine of Baden [de]5 March 1487
Daughter ofChristopher I, Margrave of Baden andOttilie of Katzenelnbogen		16 June 1517 – 17 December 1526County of Haigerloch
(atHaigerloch Castle)		Francis Wolfgang [de]
1503
six children

Johann von Ow, Baron of Wachendorf
(d.29 October 1571)
17 December 1526
no children		29 October 1554
Wachendorf (Starzach) [de]
aged 67		Heirs of Francis Wolfgang. Christopher inherited the county still as a minor, and his mother, who also held the main castle of Haigerloch as widow's seat, also served as his regent. Left no male descendants: Haigerloch was inherited by his uncle Joachim.
Regency ofRosine of Baden [de] (1517-1524)
Christopher Frederick1510
Son ofFrancis Wolfgang [de] andRosine of Baden [de]		16 June 1517 – 1536County of HaigerlochAnna Rehlinger von Haltenberg
1530
one child		1536
Marseille
aged 25–26
Albert17 May 1490
Ansbach
Third son ofFrederick I andSophia of Poland		10 April 1525 – 20 March 1568Duchy of Prussia
(previouslyState of the Teutonic Order)		Dorothea of Denmark
1 July 1526
Königsberg
six children

Anna Maria of Brunswick-Calenberg
16 February 1550
Königsberg
two children		20 March 1568
Gvardeysk
aged 77		Son of Frederick I of Ansbach, and previouslyGrand Master of the Teutonic Knights, in 1525 he converted toProtestantism, and reformed his territory to be laic, becoming the firstDuke of Prussia.
Regency ofGeorge, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach (1527–1541)Left no descendants, and Kulmbach returned to Ansbach.
Albert II Alcibiadesthe Warlike28 March 1522
Ansbach
Son ofCasimir andSusanna of Bavaria		21 September 1527 – 8 January 1557Principality of KulmbachUnmarried8 January 1557
Pforzheim
aged 34
Joachim II Hector13 January 1505
Cölln
First son ofJoachim I Nestor andElizabeth of Denmark		11 July 1535 – 3 January 1571Electorate of BrandenburgMagdalena of Saxony
6 November 1524
Dresden
six children

Hedwig of Poland
29 August/1 September 1535
Kraków
six children		3 January 1571
Köpenick Palace
aged 65		Children of Joachim I, divided their inheritance. John was the first and only Margrave at Küstrin, and after his death it was annexed again to the Electorate. Joachim II was the first Protestant Elector of Brandenburg.
Johnthe Wise3 August 1513
Second son ofJoachim I Nestor andElizabeth of Denmark		11 July 1535 – 13 January 1571March of KüstrinCatherine of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel
11 November 1537
Wolfenbüttel
two children		13 January 1571
Küstrin
aged 57
Joachim [bg]1485
Third son ofEitel Frederick II andMagdalena of Brandenburg		1536 – 2 February 1538County of HaigerlochAnastasia von Stoffeln
(1490 - 16 November 1530)
1513
one child		2 February 1538
Hechingen
aged 52–53
Jobst Nicholas II [bg]1514
Son ofJoachim [bg] and Anastasia von Stoffeln		2 February 1538 – 10 June 1558County of HaigerlochAnna of Zimmern-Wildenstein
(29 June 1513 - 28 May 1570)
1531
Meßkirch
no children		10 June 1558
Hechingen
aged 43–44		Left no children. After his death Haigerloch returned to Hechingen.
Regencies ofJoachim II Hector, Elector of Brandenburg andPhilip I, Landgrave of Hesse (1543–1548),John Frederick I, Elector of Saxony (1543–1547) andMaurice, Elector of Saxony (1547–1548)In 1557, reunited Kulmbach to Ansbach once more. Left no descendants, and the Marches passed to the sons of Elector John George.
George Frederick Ithe Elder5 April 1539
Ansbach
Son ofGeorge I andEmilie of Saxony		27 December 1543 – 25 April 1603Principality of Ansbach
(withKulmbach since 1557)		Elisabeth of Brandenburg-Küstrin
26 December 1558
Küstrin
no children

Sophie of Brunswick-Lüneburg
3 May 1579
Dresden
no children		25 April 1603
Ansbach
aged 64
Charles I1516
Brussels
Son ofEitel Frederick III andJohanna van Witthem		15 June 1525 – 10 June 1558County of HechingenAnna of Baden-Durlach [bg]
11 February 1537
Pforzheim
eleven children		18 March 1576
Sigmaringen Castle
aged 59–60		In 1558, reunited once again the county of Zollern.
10 June 1558 – 18 March 1576County of Hohenzollern
Council of Regency (1568-1571)In 1572 he began to exhibit signs of mental disorder. He had twice tried to commit suicide and was prone to violent outbursts and held a great fear of " Turks and Muscovites " overrunning Germany. In 1578 he began being overruled by regents.
Albert Frederick7 May 1553
Königsberg
Son ofAlbert andAnna Maria of Brunswick-Calenberg		20 March 1568 – 27 August 1618Duchy of PrussiaMarie Eleonore of Cleves
14 October 1573
Königsberg
seven children		27 August 1618
Primorsk
aged 65
Regency ofGeorge Frederick, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach (1578-1603)
Regency ofJoachim Frederick, Elector of Brandenburg (1603-1608)
Regency ofJohn Sigismund, Elector of Brandenburg (1608-1618)
John George11 September 1525
Cölln
Son ofJoachim II Hector andMagdalena of Saxony		3 January 1571 – 8 January 1598Electorate of BrandenburgSophie of Legnica
15 February 1545
one child

Sabina of Brandenburg-Ansbach
12 February 1548
Ansbach
eleven children

Elisabeth of Anhalt-Zerbst
6 October 1577
Letzlingen
eleven children		8 January 1598
Cölln
aged 72
Eitel Frederick IV7 September 1545
Sigmaringen
First son ofCharles I andAnna of Baden-Durlach [bg]		18 March 1576 – 16 January 1605County of HechingenVeronica of Ortenburg
(d.23 March 1573)
22 May 1568
Sigmaringen
no children

Sibylla of Zimmern [bg]
14 November 1574
Meßkirch
four children

Johanna of Eberstein
(d.1633)
1 March 1601
no children		16 January 1605
Hechingen
aged 59		Children of Charles I, divided their inheritance.
Charles II22 January 1547
Sigmaringen
Second son ofCharles I andAnna of Baden-Durlach [bg]		18 March 1576 – 8 April 1606County of SigmaringenEuphrosyne of Oettingen-Wallerstein
(1552 – 5 October 1590)
18 January 1569
Munich
fifteen children

Elisabeth of Pallandt-Kulemborg
(1567–1620)
13 October 1591
Sigmaringen
ten children		8 April 1606
Sigmaringen
aged 59
Christopher10 March 1552
Haigerloch
Third son ofCharles I andAnna of Baden-Durlach [bg]		18 March 1576 – 21 April 1592County of HaigerlochCatherine von Welsperg and Primör
(d.1610)
1577
Sigmaringen
six children		21 April 1592
Haigerloch
aged 40
Regency ofEitel Frederick IV, Count of Hechingen andCharles II, Count of Sigmaringen (1592-1604)Left no descendants. He was succeeded by his brother.
John Christopher1586
Haigerloch
First son ofChristopher and Catherine von Welsperg and Primör		21 April 1592 – 4 December 1620County of HaigerlochElisabeth of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen [bg]
21 September 1608
Sigmaringen
no children		4 December 1620
Haigerloch
aged 33–34
Joachim Frederick27 January 1546
Cölln
Son ofJohn George andSophie of Legnica		8 January 1598 – 18 July 1608Electorate of BrandenburgCatherine of Brandenburg-Küstrin
8 January 1570
Küstrin
eleven children

Eleanor of Prussia
2 November 1603
Berlin
one child		18 July 1608
Köpenick
aged 62		Divided the inheritance, mainly after George Frederick I of Ansbach's death with no children. In 1604 moved the capital of the March to Bayreuth.
Christian30 January 1581
Cölln
First son ofJohn George andElisabeth of Anhalt-Zerbst		25 April 1603 – 30 May 1655Principality of BayreuthMaria of Prussia
29 April 1604
Kulmbach
nine children		30 May 1655
Bayreuth
aged 74
Joachim Ernest22 June 1583
Cölln
Second son ofJohn George andElisabeth of Anhalt-Zerbst		25 April 1603 – 7 March 1625Principality of AnsbachSophie of Solms-Laubach
1612
Ansbach
three children		7 March 1625
Ansbach
aged 41
John George1577
Sigmaringen
Son ofEitel Frederick IV andSibylla of Zimmern [bg]		16 January 1605 – 28 September 1623County of Hechingen
(until 1623)

Principality of Hechingen
(from 1623)		Franziska of Salm-Neuviller [bg]
11 October 1598
Hechingen
fourteen children		28 September 1623
Hechingen
aged 45–46
John17 August 1578
Sigmaringen
Son ofCharles II andEuphrosyne of Oettingen-Wallerstein		8 April 1606 – 22 March 1638County of Sigmaringen
(until 1623)

Principality of Sigmaringen
(from 1623)		Johanna of Hohenzollern-Hechingen [fr]
30 June 1602
Sigmaringen
three children		22 March 1638
Munich
aged 59
John Sigismund8 November 1572
Halle
First son ofJoachim Frederick andCatherine of Brandenburg-Küstrin		18 July 1608 – 3 November 1619Electorate of Brandenburg
(withDuchy of Prussiajure uxoris since 1618)		Anna, Duchess of Prussia
30 October 1594
Königsberg
eight children		23 December 1619
Berlin
aged 47		Divided their inheritance. In 1618, John Sigismund, with his wife, inherited his father-in-law's Duchy of Prussia. John George left no surviving descendants ad his duchy returned to Brandenburg. In 1622,Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor confiscated Krnov from Brandenburg.
John George16 December 1577
Wolmirstedt
Second son ofJoachim Frederick andCatherine of Brandenburg-Küstrin		18 July 1608 – 1622Duchy of KrnovEva Christina of Württemberg [fr]
13 June 1610
Krnov
five children		22 March 1624
Levoča
aged 46
Anna3 July 1576
Königsberg
Daughter ofAlbert Frederick andMarie Eleonore of Cleves		27 August 1618 – 30 August 1625Duchy of Prussia
(suo jure heiress)		John Sigismund, Elector of Brandenburg
30 October 1594
Königsberg
eight children		30 August 1625
Berlin
aged 49		Heiress of her father, she was described as intellectually superior to her spouse, temperamental and strong-willed. Her marriage made possible the unification of the Brandenburg and Prussian branches.
George William13 November 1595
Berlin
Son ofJohn Sigismund andAnna		3 November 1619 – 1 December 1640Electorate of Brandenburg
(withDuchy of Prussia, injure matris until 1625,suo jure since 1625)		Elizabeth Charlotte of the Palatinate
24 July 1616
Heidelberg
four children		1 December 1640
Königsberg
aged 49		Also Duke of Prussia by right of his mother. His reign was marked by ineffective governance during theThirty Years' War.
Charles1588
Haigerloch
Second son ofChristopher and Catherine von Welsperg and Primör		4 December 1620 – 9 March 1634County of HaigerlochRosamund of Ortenburg
(d.1636)
25 March 1618
no children		9 March 1634
Überlingen
aged 45–46		Like his brother, he left no descendants. Haigerloch merged in Sigmaringen.
Haigerloch briefly merged in Sigmaringen
Eitel Frederick VJanuary 1601
Sigmaringen
Second son ofJohn George andFranziska of Salm-Neuviller [bg]		28 September 1623 – 11 July 1661Principality of HechingenMaria Elisabeth of Berg-s'Herenberg
(January 1613 - 29 November 1671)
19 March 1630
Boutersem
two children		11 July 1661
Issenheim
aged 60
Regency ofSophie of Solms-Laubach (1625-1634)Left no descendants. He was succeeded by his brother.
Frederick III1 May 1616
Ansbach
First son ofJoachim Ernest andSophie of Solms-Laubach		7 March 1625 – 6 September 1634Principality of AnsbachUnmarried6 September 1634
nearNördlingen
aged 18
Regency ofSophie of Solms-Laubach (1634-1639)
Albert II18 September 1620
Ansbach
Second son ofJoachim Ernest andSophie of Solms-Laubach		6 September 1634 – 22 October 1667Principality of AnsbachHenriette Louise of Württemberg-Montbéliard [uk]
31 August 1642
Stuttgart
three children

Sophie Margarete of Oettingen-Oettingen [fr]
15 October 1651
Oettingen
five children

Christine of Baden-Durlach
6 August 1665
Durlach
no children		22 October 1667
Ansbach
aged 47
Meinrad I1605
Munich
Son ofJohn andJohanna of Hohenzollern-Hechingen [fr]		2 March 1638 – 30 January 1681Principality of SigmaringenAnna Maria von Thöring-Seefeld
(1613 – 12 February 1682)
7 May 1635
Braunau am Inn
nineteen children		30 January 1681
Sigmaringen
aged 75–76
Frederick William Ithe Great16 February 1620
Berlin Palace
Son ofGeorge William andElizabeth Charlotte of the Palatinate		1 December 1640 – 29 April 1688Electorate of BrandenburgLouise Henriette of Orange-Nassau
7 December 1646
The Hague
six children

Sophia Dorothea of Sonderburg-Glücksburg
13 July 1668
Gröningen
seven children		29 April 1688
City Palace, Potsdam
aged 68		Also Duke of Prussia.[22]
Christian Ernest6 August 1644
Bayreuth
Son ofErdmann August of Brandenburg-Bayreuth andSophie of Brandenburg-Ansbach		30 May 1655 – 20 May 1712Principality of BayreuthErdmuthe Sophie of Saxony
29 October 1662
Dresden
no children

Sophie Luise of Württemberg
8 February 1671
Stuttgart
six children

Elisabeth Sophie of Brandenburg
30 March 1703
Potsdam
nine children		20 May 1712
Erlangen
aged 67		Grandson of Christian I.
Philip24 June 1616
Hechingen
Sixth son ofJohn George andFranziska of Salm-Neuviller [bg]		11 July 1661 – 24 January 1671Principality of HechingenMaria Sidonia of Baden-Rodemachern [bg]
12 November 1662
Baden-Baden
eight children		24 January 1671
Hechingen
aged 54		Heirs of Eitel Frederick V. The lordship of Bergen op Zoom was inherited by Franziska's descendants.
Franziska Henriette [fr]1642
Daughter ofEitel Frederick V andMaria Elisabeth of Berg-s'Herenberg		11 July 1661 – 17 October 1698Principality of Hechingen
(atBergen op Zoom;jure matris until 1671;suo jure from 1671)		Frederick Maurice de la Tour d'Auvergne, Count of Auvergne [fr]
May 1662
eight children		17 October 1698
Bergen op Zoom
aged 55–56
John Frederick18 October 1654
Ansbach
Son ofAlbert II andSophie Margarete of Oettingen-Oettingen [fr]		22 October 1667 – 22 March 1686Principality of AnsbachJohanna Elisabeth of Baden-Durlach [fr]
26 January 1673
Durlach
five children

Eleonore Erdmuthe of Saxe-Eisenach
4 November 1681
Eisenach
three children		22 March 1686
Ansbach
aged 31
Regency ofMaria Sidonia of Baden-Rodemachern [bg] (1671-1681)
Frederick William20 September 1663
Hechingen
Son ofPhilip andMaria Sidonia of Baden-Rodemachern [bg]		24 January 1671 – 14 November 1735Principality of HechingenMaria Leopoldine von Sinzendorf
(1 April 1666 - 18 May 1709)
22 January 1687
Vienna
six children

Maximiliane Magdalena von Lützau
(11 July 1690 - 8 September 1755)
7 September 1710
Hechingen
two children		14 November 1735
Hechingen
aged 72
Maximilian I20 January 1636
Munich
First son ofMeinrad I and Anna Maria von Thöring-Seefeld		30 January 1681 – 13 August 1689Principality of SigmaringenMaria Clara of Berg-'s-Heerenberg
(27 April 1635 - 15 July 1715)
12 January 1666
Boxmeer
twelve children		13 August 1689
Sigmaringen
aged 53		Children of Meinrad I, divided their inheritance.
Francis Anton2 December 1657
Sigmaringen Castle
Eleventh son ofMeinrad I and Anna Maria von Thöring-Seefeld		30 January 1681 – 14 October 1702County of HaigerlochAnna Maria Eusebia of Königsegg-Aulendorf
(1670-1716)
5 February 1687
four children		14 October 1702
Friedlingen
aged 44
Council of Regency (1686–1692)Died as a minor; he was succeeded by his brother.
Christian Albert18 September 1675
First son ofJohn Frederick andJohanna Elisabeth of Baden-Durlach [fr]		22 March 1686 – 16 October 1692Principality of AnsbachUnmarried16 October 1692
Ansbach
aged 17
Frederick III & Ithe Mercenary11 July 1657
Königsberg
Son ofFrederick William I andLouise Henriette of Orange-Nassau		29 April 1688 – 25 February 1713Electorate of Brandenburg
(until 1701)

Kingdom of Prussia
(withElectorate of Brandenburg; from 1701)		Elisabeth Henriette of Hesse-Kassel
13 August 1679
Potsdam
one child

Sophia Charlotte of Hanover
8 October 1684
Herrenhausen
two children

Sophia Louise of Mecklenburg-Schwerin
28 November 1708
Berlin
no children		25 February 1713
Berlin
aged 55		Children of Frederick William, divided their inheritance. In 1701, Frederick became the first King in Prussia, as Frederick I.
Philip William19 May 1669
Königsberg
Son ofFrederick William I andSophia Dorothea of Sonderburg-Glücksburg		29 April 1688 – 19 December 1711March of SchwedtJohanna Charlotte of Anhalt-Dessau
25 January 1699
Oranienbaum
six children		19 December 1711
Schwedt
aged 42
Regency ofMaria Clara of Berg-'s-Heerenberg andFrancis Anton, Count of Haigerloch (1689-1691)
Meinrad II1 November 1673
Sigmaringen
Son ofMaximilian I andMaria Clara of Berg-'s-Heerenberg		13 August 1689 – 20 October 1715Principality of SigmaringenJohanna Catharina of Montfort-Tettnang
22 November 1700
Sigmaringen
four children		20 October 1715
Sigmaringen
aged 41
George Frederick IIthe Younger3 May 1678
Ansbach
Second son ofJohn Frederick andJohanna Elisabeth of Baden-Durlach [fr]		16 October 1692 – 29 March 1703Principality of AnsbachUnmarried29 March 1703
Schmidmühlen
aged 24		Died without descendants; he was succeeded by his brother.
Ferdinand Leopold4 December 1692
Sigmaringen Castle
First son ofFrancis Anton and Anna Maria Eusebia of Königsegg-Aulendorf		14 October 1702 – 23 July 1750County of HaigerlochUnmarried23 July 1750
Brühl Palace
aged 57		Member of the clergy and first minister of theElectorate of Cologne. Left no children. The county passed to his brother.
William Frederick6 January 1686
Ansbach
Son ofJohn Frederick andEleonore Erdmuthe of Saxe-Eisenach		29 March 1703 – 7 January 1723Principality of AnsbachChristiane Charlotte of Württemberg-Winnental
28 August 1709
Stuttgart
three children		7 January 1723
Unterreichenbach
aged 36
Regency ofFrederick I, King of Prussia (1711-1713)
Regency ofFrederick William I, King of Prussia (1713-1718)		Left no male descendants. The title passed to his brother, Frederick Henry.
Frederick Williamthe Mad17 November 1700
Oranienbaum
First son ofPhilip William andJohanna Charlotte of Anhalt-Dessau		19 December 1711 – 4 March 1771March of SchwedtSophia Dorothea of Prussia
10 November 1734
Potsdam
five children		4 March 1771
Swobnica
aged 70
George William26 November 1678
Bayreuth
Son ofChristian Ernest andSophie Luise of Württemberg		20 May 1712 – 18 December 1726Principality of BayreuthSophie of Saxe-Weissenfels
16 October 1699
Leipzig
five children		18 December 1726
Bayreuth
aged 48
Frederick William Ithe Soldier16 March 1687
Berlin
Son ofFrederick III & I andSophia Charlotte of Hanover		25 February 1713 – 28 June 1757Kingdom of Prussia
(withElectorate of Brandenburg)		Sophia Dorothea of Hanover
28 November 1706
Hanover
(by proxy)
27 December 1706
Berlin
(in person)
two children		28 June 1757
City Palace, Potsdam
aged 70
Regency ofJohanna Catharina of Montfort-Tettnang (1715-1720)
Joseph Frederick Ernest24 May 1702
Sigmaringen
Son ofMeinrad II andJohanna Catharina of Montfort-Tettnang		2 October 1715 – 8 December 1769Principality of SigmaringenMaria Franziska of Oettingen-Spielberg [fr]
20 May 1722
Oettingen
six children

MariaJudith Katharina of Closen [fr]
5 July 1738
three children

Maria Theresa of Waldburg-Trachburg [fr]
22 October 1743
no children		8 December 1769
Haigerloch
aged 41
Regency ofChristiane Charlotte of Württemberg-Winnental (1723–1729)
Charles William Frederickthe Wild12 May 1712
Ansbach
Son ofWilliam Frederick andChristiane Charlotte of Württemberg-Winnental		7 January 1723 – 3 August 1757Principality of AnsbachFriederike Luise of Prussia
30 May 1729
Berlin
two children		3 August 1757
Gunzenhausen
aged 45
George Frederick Charles30 June 1688
nearMühlhausen
Son ofGeorge William andSophie of Saxe-Weissenfels		18 December 1726 – 17 May 1735Principality of BayreuthDorothea of Sonderburg-Beck
17 April 1709
Reinfeld
five children		17 May 1735
Bayreuth
aged 46
Frederick10 May 1711
Weferlingen
Son ofGeorge Frederick Charles andDorothea of Sonderburg-Beck		17 May 1735 – 26 February 1763Principality of BayreuthWilhelmine of Prussia
17 April 1709
Berlin
one child

Sophie Caroline of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel
20 September 1759
Brunswick
no children		26 February 1763
Bayreuth
aged 51		Left no male descendants; the title passed to Frederick Christian, from a collateral Bayreuth line.
Frederick Louis1 September 1688
Strasbourg
Son ofFrederick William and Maria Leopoldine von Sinzendorf		14 November 1735 – 4 June 1750Principality of HechingenUnmarried4 June 1750
Hechingen
aged 61		Left no children. He was succeeded by a cousin.
Joseph Frederick William12 November 1717
Bayreuth
Son ofHerman Frederick of Hohenzollern-Hechingen [fr] andMaria Josepha of Oettingen		4 June 1750 – 9 April 1798Principality of HechingenMaria Teresa Folch de Cardona y Silva
(4 September 1732 - 25 September 1750)
2 June 1750
Vienna
no children

Maria Theresa of Waldburg-Zeil
7 January 1751
Hechingen
six children		9 April 1798
Hechingen
aged 80		Great-grandson of John George. Left no surviving children. He was succeeded by his nephew.
Francis Christopher Anton1 January 1699
Haigerloch
Second son ofFrancis Anton and Anna Maria Eusebia of Königsegg-Aulendorf		23 July 1750 – 23 November 1767County of HaigerlochUnmarried23 November 1767
Cologne
aged 68		Also member of the clergy and first minister of theElectorate of Cologne. He also didn't have children. The county returned definitively to Sigmaringen.
Haigerloch definitely annexed to Sigmaringen
Frederick IIthe Great24 January 1712
Berlin
Son ofFrederick William I andSophia Dorothea of Hanover		28 June 1757 – 17 August 1786Kingdom of Prussia
(withElectorate of Brandenburg)		Elisabeth Christine of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel
12 June 1733
Castle Salzdahlum
no children		17 August 1786
Potsdam
aged 74
Charles Alexander24 February 1736
Son ofCharles William Frederick andFriederike Luise of Prussia		3 August 1757 – 16 January 1791Principality of AnsbachFrederica Caroline of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld
22 November 1754
Coburg
no children

Elizabeth Craven
13/30 October 1791
Lisbon
(morganatic)
no children		5 January 1806
Speen, Berkshire
aged 69		In 1769 reunited both Margraviates of Ansbach and Bayreuth.In 1791 sold both Margraviates to theKingdom of Prussia.
Ansbach sold to Prussia
Frederick Christian17 July 1708
Weferlingen
Son ofChristian Henry of Brandenburg-Bayreuth andSophie Christiane of Wolfstein		26 February 1763 – 20 January 1769Principality of BayreuthVictoria Charlotte of Anhalt-Zeitz-Hoym
26 April 1732
Schaumburg
two children		20 January 1769
Bayreuth
aged 60		Great-grandson of Christian I and cousin of his predecessors. Left no male descendants; Bayreuth was reunited to Ansbach.
Bayreuth definitively annexed to Ansbach
Charles Frederick9 January 1724
Sigmaringen
Son ofJoseph Frederick Ernest andMaria Franziska of Oettingen-Spielberg [fr]		8 December 1769 – 20 December 1785Principality of SigmaringenJohanna of Hohenzollern-Berg [fr]
2 March 1749
Kail Castle, nearTrier
twelve children		20 December 1785
Krauchenwies
aged 61
Frederick Henry21 August 1709
Schwedt
Second son ofPhilip William andJohanna Charlotte of Anhalt-Dessau		4 March 1771 – 12 December 1788March of SchwedtLeopoldine Marie of Anhalt-Dessau
13 February 1739
two children		12 December 1788
Schwedt
aged 79		Left no male descendants. Schwedt went back to Prussia.
Schwedt definitively annexed to Prussia
Anton Aloys20 June 1762
Sigmaringen
Son ofCharles Frederick andJohanna of Hohenzollern-Berg [fr]		20 December 1785 – 17 October 1831Principality of SigmaringenAmalie Zephyrine of Salm-Kyrburg
13 August 1782
Kirn
two children		17 October 1831
Sigmaringen
aged 69
Frederick William II25 September 1744
Berlin Palace
Son ofFrederick William I andLouise Henriette of Orange-Nassau		17 August 1786 – 16 November 1797Kingdom of Prussia
(withElectorate of Brandenburg)		Elisabeth Christine of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel
14 June 1765
Castle Salzdahlum
(annulled 1769)
no children

Frederica Louisa of Hesse-Darmstadt
14 July 1769
Charlottenburg Palace
eight children

Julie von Voss
7 April 1787
Charlottenburg Palace
(morganatic)
one child

Sophie von Dönhoff
11 April 1790
Charlottenburg Palace
(morganatic, annulled 1792)
two children		16 November 1797
Marmorpalais
aged 53		Nephew of his predecessor.
Frederick William III3 August 1770
Potsdam
Son ofFrederick William II andFrederica Louisa of Hesse-Darmstadt		16 November 1797 – 7 June 1840Kingdom of Prussia
(withElectorate of Brandenburg until 1806)		Louise of Mecklenburg-Strelitz
24 December 1793
Darmstadt
nine children

Auguste von Harrach
9 November 1824
Charlottenburg Palace
(morganatic)
no children		7 June 1840
Berlin
aged 69		In 1806, with the dissolving of theHoly Roman Empire, Prussia lost its electoral status.
Herman30 July 1751
Lockenhaus
Son ofFrancis Xavier of Hohenzollern-Hechingen [fr] and Anna von Hoensbroech		9 April 1798 – 2 November 1810Principality of HechingenLouise of Merode-Westerloo
(28 September 1748 - 14 November 1774)
18 November 1773
Maastricht
one child

Maximiliane of Gavre
(30 November 1753 - 6 August 1778)
15 February 1775
Brussels
one child

Maria Antonia of Waldburg-Zeil
(6 June 1753 - 25 October 1814)
12 June 1779
Dagstuhl
five children		2 November 1810
Hechingen
aged 59		Nephew of Joseph Frederick William.
Frederick Herman Otto22 July 1776
Namur
Son ofHerman and Maximiliane of Gavre		2 November 1810 – 13 September 1838Principality of HechingenLuise Pauline Maria Biron
26 April 1800
Prague
one child		13 September 1838
Hechingen
aged 62
Charles20 February 1785
Sigmaringen
Son ofAnton Aloys andAmalie Zephyrine of Salm-Kyrburg		17 October 1831 – 27 August 1848Principality of SigmaringenMarie Antoinette Murat
4 February 1808
Paris
four children

Catharina of Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst
14 March 1848
Kupferzell
no children		11 March 1853
Bologna
aged 68		During theGerman revolutions of 1848–1849, he abdicated to his son.
Constantine16 February 1801
Żagań
Son ofFrederick Herman Otto andLuise Pauline Maria Biron		13 September 1838 – 7 December 1849Principality of HechingenEugénie de Beauharnais
22 May 1826
Eichstätt
no children

Amalie Schenk von Geyern
September 1847
(morganatic)
three children		3 September 1889
Zielona Góra
aged 68		Pressed by the German Revolution, in 1849 he signed the hand-over of the Principality to Prussia.
Hechingen definitely annexed to Prussia
Frederick William IV15 October 1795
Kronprinzenpalais
First son ofFrederick William III andLouise of Mecklenburg-Strelitz		7 June 1840 – 2 January 1861Kingdom of PrussiaElisabeth Ludovika of Bavaria
16 November 1823
Munich
(by proxy)
29 November 1823
Berlin
(in person)
no children		2 January 1861
Sanssouci
aged 55		Also President of theErfurt Union (1849–1850). Left no children, and was succeeded by his brother, who already held regency since 1858.
Regency ofPrince William of Prussia (1858-1861)
Charles Anton7 September 1811
Krauchenwies
Son ofCharles andMarie Antoinette Murat		27 August 1848 – 7 December 1849Principality of SigmaringenJosephine of Baden
21 October 1834
Karlsruhe
six children		2 June 1885
Sigmaringen
aged 73		Still pressed by the German Revolution, in 1849 he signed the hand-over of the Principality to Prussia. His sonKarl would become, in 1881,King of Romania; his daughterStephanie becameQueen of Portugal.
Sigmaringen definitely annexed to Prussia
William Ithe Great22 March 1797
Kronprinzenpalais
Second son ofFrederick William III andLouise of Mecklenburg-Strelitz		2 January 1861 – 9 March 1888Kingdom of Prussia
(until 1871)

German Empire
(withKingdom of Prussia; from 1871)		Augusta of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach
11 June 1829
Charlottenburg Palace
two children		9 March 1888
Charlottenburg Palace
aged 90		Previously regent on behalf of his ill brother, he inherited his throne. He was also President of the North German Confederation (1867–1871), before becomingGerman Emperor.
Carol I20 April 1839
Sigmaringen Castle
Son ofCharles Anton, Prince of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen andJosephine of Baden		20 April 1866 – 10 October 1914Principality of Romania
(until 1881)

Kingdom of Romania
(from 1881)
(Sigmaringen branch)		Elisabeth of Wied
15 November 1869
Neuwied
one child		10 October 1914
Peleș Castle
aged 75		Karl of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen was invited to assume the Romanian throne in 1866. Left no male descendants. The throne went to his nephew.
Frederick III18 October 1831
New Palace, Potsdam
Son ofWilliam I andAugusta of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach		9 March – 15 June 1888German Empire
(withKingdom of Prussia)		Victoria of the United Kingdom
25 January 1858
St James's Palace
eight children		15 June 1888
New Palace, Potsdam
aged 56
William II27 January 1859
Kronprinzenpalais
Son ofFrederick III andVictoria of the United Kingdom		15 June 1888 – 9 November 1918German Empire
(withKingdom of Prussia)

Augusta Victoria of Schleswig-Holstein
27 February 1881
Berlin
seven children

Hermine Reuss of Greiz
5 November 1922
Huis Doorn
no children

4 June 1941
Huis Doorn
aged 82		In 1918, he abdicated his throne;[23] The monarchy was abolished.
Ferdinand24 August 1865
Sigmaringen Castle
Son ofPrince Leopold of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen andAntónia of Portugal		10 October 1914 – 20 July 1927Kingdom of Romania
(Sigmaringen branch)		Marie of the United Kingdom
10 January 1893
Sigmaringen Castle
six children		20 July 1927
Peleș Castle
aged 61
Mihai I25 October 1921
Peleș Castle
Son ofPrince Carol of Romania andHelen of Greece and Denmark		20 July 1927 – 8 June 1930

6 September 1940 – 30 December 1947		Kingdom of Romania

(Sigmaringen branch)		Anne of Bourbon-Parma
10 June 1948
Athens
five children		5 December 2017
Aubonne
aged 96		Given his father removed himself fom the line of succession, he was the chosen successor of his grandfather. As he was a child, he uled under a Council of Regency. In 1930, Michael's father returned to Romania and took the throne. In 1940, as he abdicated, Michael returned to the throne, but he also abdicated in 1947. The monarchy was abolished.
Carol II15 October 1893
Peleș Castle
Son ofFerdinand andMarie of the United Kingdom		8 June 1930 – 6 September 1940Kingdom of Romania
(Sigmaringen branch)		Zizi Lambrino
31 August 1918
Transfiguration Cathedral in Odesa
(morganatic, annulled 1919)
one child

Helen of Greece and Denmark
10 March 1921
Metropolitan Cathedral of Athens
(divorced 1928)one child

Magda Lupescu
(morganatic)
3 June/5 July 1947
Rio de Janeiro
no children		4 April 1953
Estoril
aged 59		After giving up his rights in his father's lifetime, Carol returned to Romania in 1930 and ascended the throne, but abdicated again in 1940.

Family tree of the House of Hohenzollern

[edit]
House of Hohenzollern

House of
Hohenzollern
Burkhard I
Count of Zollern
r. ?–1061
before 1025–1061
Frederick I
Count of Zollern
r. ?–before 1125
?–before 1125
Frederick II
Count of Zollern
r.c. 1125–1145
before 1125–c. 1145		Burkhard II
Count of Zollern
r.c. 1145–1150/5		Gotfried
Count of Zollern
r.c. 1150/5–1160
Frederick I
Burgrave of
Nuremberg
r.c. 1192–1200
Frederick III
Count of Zollern
r. after 1145–c. 1200
before 1139–c. 1200
Franconian BranchSwabian Branch
Conrad I
Burgrave of
Nuremberg
r. 1218–1261
c. 1186–1261		Frederick IV
Count of
Hohenzollern
r. 1218–1255
Frederick II
Burgrave of
Nuremberg
r. 1204–1218
c. 1188–1255
Frederick III
Burgrave of
Nuremberg
r. 1261–1297
c. 1220–1297		Frederick V
the Illustrious
Count of
Hohenzollern
r. 1255–1289
?–1289
John I
Burgrave of
Nuremberg
r. 1297–1300
c.  1279–1300		Frederick IV
Burgrave of
Nuremberg
r. 1300–1332
1287–1332		Frederick VI
the Knight
Count of
Hohenzollern
r. 1289–1298
?–1298
John II
the Acquirer
Burgrave of
Nuremberg
r. 1332–1357
c. 1309–1357		Frederick VII
Count of
Hohenzollern
r. 1298–1309
?–1309		Frederick VIII
Easter Sunday
Count of
Hohenzollern
r. 1309–1333
?–1333
Frederick V
Burgrave of
Nuremberg
r. 1357–1397
1333–1398		Frederick IX
the Old
Count of
Hohenzollern
r. 1333–1377/9
?–1377/9		Frederick
Count of Strasbourg
Brandenburg-
Prussian Branch
John III
Burgrave of
Nuremberg
r. 1397–1420
John I
Margrave of
Brandenburg-
Kulmbach
r. 1398–1420
c. 1369–1420		Frederick I
Elector of
Brandenburg
r. 1415–1440
Frederick VI
Burgrave of
Nuremberg
r. 1397–1427
1371–1440		Frederick X
the Younger
Count of
Hohenzollern
r. 1377/9–1412
?–1412		Frederick XI
the Elder
Count of
Hohenzollern
r. 1377/9–1401
?–1401
John II
the Alchemist
Margrave of
Brandenburg-
Kulmbach
r. 1440–1457
Margrave of
Brandenburg
r. 1426–1440
1406–1464		Frederick II
the Iron
Elector of
Brandenburg
r. 1440–1470
1413–1471		Albrecht III
Achilles
Elector of
Brandenburg
r. 1471–1486
1414–1486		Eitel Frederick I
Count of
Hohenzollern
r. 1426–1439
c. 1384–1439		Frederick XII
Count of
Hohenzollern
r. 1401–1426
before 1401–1443
John II Cicero
Elector of
Brandenburg
r. 1486–1499
1455–1499		Frederick II
Margrave of
Brandenburg-
Ansbach
r. 1486–1536
Margrave of
Brandenburg-
Kulmbach
r. 1495–1515
1460–1536		Siegmund
Margrave of
Brandenburg-
Kulmbach
r. 1486–1495
1468–1495		Jobst Nicholas I
Count of
Hohenzollern
r. 1433–1488
1433–1488
Joachim I
Nestor
Elector of
Brandenburg
r. 1499–1535
1484–1535		Casimir
Margrave of
Brandenburg-
Kulmbach
r. 1515–1527
1481–1527		George
Margrave of
Brandenburg-
Ansbach
r. 1536–1543
1484–1543		Albert
Duke of Prussia
r. 1525–1568
1490–1568		Eitel Frederick II
Count of
Hohenzollern
r. 1488–1512
c. 1452–1512
Joachim II
Hector
Elector of
Brandenburg
r. 1535–1571
1505–1571		John
Margrave of
Brandenburg-
Küstrin
r. 1535–1571
1513–1571		Albert II
Alcibiades
Margrave of
Brandenburg-
Kulmbach
r. 1527–1553
1522–1557		George
Frederick
Margrave of
Brandenburg-
Ansbach
r. 1543–1603
Margrave of
Brandenburg-
Kulmbach
r. 1553–1603
1539–1603		Albert
Frederick
Duke of Prussia
r. 1568–1618
1553–1618		Eitel Frederick III
Count of
Hohenzollern
r. 1512-1525
1494–1525
John George
Elector of
Brandenburg
r. 1571–1598
1525–1598		Charles I
Count of
Hohenzollern
r. 1525–1576
1516–1576
House of
Hohenzollern-
Hechingen		House of
Hohenzollern-
Sigmaringen		House of
Hohenzollern-
Haigerloch
Joachim
Frederick
Elector of
Brandenburg
r. 1598–1608
1546–1608		Christian
Margrave of
Brandenburg-
Bayreuth
r. 1603–1655
1581–1655		Joachim Ernest
Margrave of
Brandenburg-
Ansbach
r. 1603–1625
1583–1625		Eitel Frederick IV
Count of
Hohenzollern-
Hechingen
r. 1576–1605
1545–1605		Charles II
Count of
Hohenzollern-
Sigmaringen
r. 1576–1606
1547–1606		Christopher
Count of
Hohenzollern-
Haigerloch
r. 1576–1592
1552-1592
John
Sigismund
Elector of
Brandenburg
r. 1608–1619
Duke of Prussia
r. 1618–1619
1572–1619		Erdman
Augustus
1615–1651		George Albert
1619–1666		Frederick III
Margrave of
Brandenburg-
Ansbach
r. 1625–1634
1616–1634		Albert II
Margrave of
Brandenburg-
Ansbach
r. 1634–1667
1620–1667		John George
Count of
Hohenzollern-
Hechingen
r. 1605–1623
Prince of
Hohenzollern-
Hechingen
r. 1623
1577–1623		John
Count of
Hohenzollern-
Sigmaringen
r. 1606–1623
Prince of
Hohenzollern-
Sigmaringen
r. 1623–1638
Count of
Hohenzollern-
Haigerloch
r. 1634–1638
1578–1638		John
Christopher
Count of
Hohenzollern-
Haigerloch
r. 1592–1623
1586–1623
George
William
Elector of
Brandenburg
Duke of Prussia
r. 1619–1640
1595–1640		Christian
Ernest
Margrave of
Brandenburg-
Bayreuth
r. 1655–1712
1644–1712		Christian Henry
1661–1708		John
Frederick
Margrave of
Brandenburg-
Ansbach
r. 1667–1686
1654–1686		Eitel Frederick V
Prince of
Hohenzollern-
Hechingen
r. 1623–1661
1601–1661		Philip
Prince of
Hohenzollern-
Hechingen
r. 1661–1671
1616–1671		Meinrad I
Prince of
Hohenzollern-
Sigmaringen
Count of
Hohenzollern-
Haigerloch
r. 1638–1681
1605–1681		Charles
Count of
Hohenzollern-
Haigerloch
r. 1623–1634
1588–1634
Frederick
William
the Great Elector
Elector of
Brandenburg
Duke of Prussia
r. 1640–1688
1620–1688		George
William
Margrave of
Brandenburg-
Bayreuth
r. 1712–1726
1678–1726		George Frederick
Charles
Margrave of
Brandenburg-
Bayreuth
r. 1726–1735
1688–1735		Frederick
Christian
Margrave of
Brandenburg-
Bayreuth
r. 1763–1769
1708–1769		Frederick
William
Prince of
Hohenzollern-
Hechingen
r. 1671–1735
1663–1735		Herman FrederickMaximilian I
Prince of
Hohenzollern-
Sigmaringen
r. 1681–1689
1636–1689		Francis
Anthony
Count of
Hohenzollern-
Haigerloch
r. 1681–1702
1657–1702
Brandenburg-
Schwedt
Branch
Frederick I
the Mercenary King
Duke of Prussia
r. 1688–1701
King in Prussia
r. 1701–1713
Frederick III
Elector of
Brandenburg
r. 1688–1713
1657–1713		Philip
William
Margrave of
Brandenburg-
Schwedt
r. 1688–1711
1669–1711		Frederick
Margrave of
Brandenburg-
Bayreuth
r. 1735–1763
1711–1763		Christian
Albert
Margrave of
Brandenburg-
Ansbach
r. 1686–1692
1675–1692		George
Frederick II
the Younger
Margrave of
Brandenburg-
Ansbach
r. 1692–1703
1678–1703		William
Frederick
Margrave of
Brandenburg-
Ansbach
r. 1703–1723
1686–1723		Frederick
Louis
Prince of
Hohenzollern-
Hechingen
r. 1730–1750
1688–1750		Joseph
Frederick William
Prince of
Hohenzollern-
Hechingen
r. 1750–1798
1717–1798		Francis XavierMeinrad II
Prince of
Hohenzollern-
Sigmaringen
r. 1689–1715
Count of
Hohenzollern-
Haigerloch
r. 1702–1715
1673–1715		Ferdinand
Leopold
Count of
Hohenzollern-
Haigerloch
r. 1702–1750
1692–1750		Francis
Christopher
Anthony
Count of
Hohenzollern-
Haigerloch
r. 1750–1767
1699–1767
Frederick
William I
the Soldier King
King in Prussia
Elector of
Brandenburg
r. 1713–1740
1688–1740		Frederick
William
Margrave of
Brandenburg-
Schwedt
r. 1731–1771
1700–1771		Frederick
Henry
Margrave of
Brandenburg-
Schwedt
r. 1771–1788
1709–1788		Charles William
Frederick
Margrave of
Brandenburg-
Ansbach
r. 1723–1757
1712–1757		Herman
Prince of
Hohenzollern-
Hechingen
r. 1798–1810
1751–1810		Joseph
Frederick
Ernest
Prince of
Hohenzollern-
Sigmaringen
r. 1715–1769
Count of
Hohenzollern-
Haigerloch
r. 1767–1769
1702–1769
Frederick II
the Great
King in Prussia
r. 1740–1772
King of Prussia
r. 1772–1786
Elector of
Brandenburg
r. 1740–1786
1712–1786		Augustus William
1722–1758		Alexander
Margrave of
Brandenburg-
Ansbach
r. 1757–1791
Margrave of
Brandenburg-
Bayreuth
r. 1769–1791
1736–1806		Frederick
Herman Otto
Prince of
Hohenzollern-
Hechingen
r. 1810–1838
1776–1838		Charles
Frederick
Prince of
Hohenzollern-
Sigmaringen
r. 1769–1785
1724–1785
Frederick
William II
King of Prussia
Elector of
Brandenburg
r. 1786–1797
1744–1797		Constantine
Prince of
Hohenzollern-
Hechingen
r. 1838–1849
1801–1869		Anthony
Alois
Prince of
Hohenzollern-
Sigmaringen
r. 1785–1831
1762–1831
Frederick
William III
King of Prussia
r. 1797–1840
Elector of
Brandenburg
r. 1797–1806
1770–1840		Charles
Prince of
Hohenzollern-
Sigmaringen
r. 1831–1848
1785–1853
Frederick
William IV
King of Prussia
r. 1840–1861
1795–1861		William I
German Emperor
r. 1871–1888
King of Prussia
r. 1861–1888
1797–1888		Charles
Anthony
Prince of
Hohenzollern-
Sigmaringen
r. 1848–1849
Prince of
Hohenzollern
r. 1869–1885
1811–1885
Frederick III
German Emperor
King of Prussia
r. 1888
1831–1888		Leopold
Prince of
Hohenzollern
r. 1885–1905
1835–1905		Charles I
Domnitor of Romania
r. 1866–1881
King of Romania
r. 1881–1914
1839–1914
Romanian Branch
William II
German Emperor
King of Prussia
r. 1888–1918
1859–1941		William
Prince of
Hohenzollern
r. 1905–1927
1864–1927		Ferdinand I
King of Romania
r. 1914–1927
1865–1927
Frederick
Prince of
Hohenzollern
r. 1927–1965
1891–1965		Charles II
King of Romania
r. 1930–1940
1893–1953
Frederick
William
Prince of
Hohenzollern
r. 1965–2010
1924–2010		Michael I
King of Romania
r. 1927–1930,
1940–1947
1921–2017
Charles
Frederick
Prince of
Hohenzollern
r. 2010–present
1952–present

Residences

[edit]

Palaces of the Prussian Hohenzollerns

[edit]

Palaces of the Franconian branches

[edit]

Palaces of the Swabian Hohenzollerns

[edit]

Property claims

[edit]

In 2014,Prince Georg Friedrich, Head of the House of Hohenzollern filed a claim on the property of theHuis Doorn, the manor that KaiserWilhelm II spent his last time after being abdicated, but this was rejected by Dutch MinisterJet Bussemaker.[24][25]

In mid-2019, it was revealed that Prince Georg Friedrich had filed claims for permanent right of residency for his family inCecilienhof, or one of two other Hohenzollern palaces in Potsdam, as well as return of the family library, 266 paintings, an imperial crown and sceptre, and the letters ofEmpress Augusta Victoria.[26]

Central to the argument was thatMonbijou Palace, which had been permanently given to the family following the fall of the Kaiser, was demolished by the East German government in 1959. Lawyers for the German state argued that the involvement of members of the family in National Socialism had voided any such rights.[26]

In June 2019, a claim made by Prince Georg Friedrich thatRheinfels Castle be returned to the Hohenzollern family was dismissed by a court. In 1924, the ruined Castle had been given by the state of Rhineland-Palatinate to the town of St Goar, under the provision it was not sold. In 1998, the town leased the ruins to a nearby hotel. His case made the claim that this constituted a breach of the bequest.[27]

Coats of arms

[edit]
Main articles:Coat of arms of Prussia,Coat of arms of Germany, andCoat of arms of Romania
  • Quartered coat of arms of the Hohenzollerns
    Quartered coat of arms of the Hohenzollerns
  • Arms of the Hohenzollerns with crest
    Arms of the Hohenzollerns withcrest
  • Counts of Zollern (1340)
  • Achievement of Counts of Zollern
    Achievement of Counts of Zollern
  • Burgraves of Nuremberg (1340)
  • Burgraves of Nuremberg
    Burgraves of Nuremberg
  • The princely Swabian branch (1605)
    The princelySwabian branch (1605)
  • Margraves of Brandenburg (1465)
    Margraves of Brandenburg (1465)
  • Arms of the Duke of Prussia
    Arms of the Duke of Prussia
  • Arms of the King of Prussia
    Arms of the King of Prussia
  • Achievement of the King of Prussia
    Achievement of the King of Prussia
  • Coat of Arms of the German Emperor (1871–1918)
    Coat of Arms of the German Emperor (1871–1918)
  • The greater coat of arms as German Emperor (1871–1918)
    The greater coat of arms as German Emperor (1871–1918)
  • The greater coat of arms of the King of Romania (1922–1947)
    The greater coat of arms of the King of Romania (1922–1947)

For younger sons, to the extent that they did difference arms, the Hohenzollerns tended to use bordures of different colors or combinations of:

  • Coat of Arms of the Crown Prince of German Empire, a bordure gules on the arms of the German Emperor.
    Coat of Arms of the Crown Prince of German Empire, a bordure gules on the arms of the German Emperor.
  • Coat of Arms of Prince Henry of Prussia with the Order of the Golden Fleece.
    Coat of Arms of Prince Henry of Prussia with the Order of the Golden Fleece.

Members of the family after abdication

[edit]

Royal Brandenburg-Prussian branch

[edit]

Princely Swabian branch

[edit]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^"Hohenzollern".The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language (5th ed.). HarperCollins. Retrieved18 May 2019.
  2. ^"Hohenzollern".Collins English Dictionary.HarperCollins. Retrieved18 May 2019.
  3. ^"Hohenzollern" (US) and"Hohenzollern".Lexico UK English Dictionary.Oxford University Press. Archived fromthe original on 2020-02-14.
  4. ^"Hohenzollern".Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary. Merriam-Webster. Retrieved18 May 2019.
  5. ^"Encyclopædia Britannica.Hohenzollern Dynasty".
  6. ^abcdefghijGenealogisches Handbuch des Adels, Fürstliche Häuser XIX. "Haus Hohenzollern". C.A. Starke Verlag, 2011, pp. 30–33.ISBN 978-3-7980-0849-6.
  7. ^Jeep, John M. (2001).Jeep, John.Medieval Germany: An Encyclopedia. Psychology Press.ISBN 9780824076443.
  8. ^Christopher ClarkThe Iron Kingdom: The Rise and Downfall of Prussia 1600-1947 (Penguin, 2007) pp. 115–121
  9. ^Christopher Clark (1996). "Confessional policy and the limits of state action: Frederick William III and the Prussian Church Union 1817–40".Historical Journal.39 (4):985–1004.doi:10.1017/S0018246X00024730.JSTOR 2639865.S2CID 159976974.
  10. ^"Official Website of the House of Hohenzollern: Prinz Georg Friedrich von Preußen". Archived fromthe original on 2014-02-18. Retrieved2014-02-07.
  11. ^Heraldry of the Royal Families of Europe, Jiří Louda & Michael Maclagan, 1981, pp. 178–179.
  12. ^abcdefHuberty, Michel; Giraud, Alain; Magdelaine, F.; B. (1989).L'Allemagne Dynastique, Tome V – Hohenzollern-Waldeck. France: Laballery. pp. 30, 33.ISBN 2-901138-05-5.
  13. ^"Romania's former King Michael ends ties with German Hohenzollern dynasty". The Canadian Press. Retrieved2011-05-11.[dead link]
  14. ^""King Michael I broke ties with historical and dynastic House of Hohenzollern" in Adevarul – News Bucharest, 10 May 2011".
  15. ^V.P.Long live the ex-king; The former King Michael is received warmly in parliament economist.com October 25, 2011
  16. ^Haigerloch was sold to Austria in 1381; the branch changed seat toRottenburg am Neckar, which was later inherited by the Counts of Sulz.
  17. ^abcDespite the territory being a principality, its rulers were always calledMargraves.
  18. ^abcSchmid, Ludwig (1862). "Geschichte der Grafen von Zollern-Hohenberg. Anhang. Historisch-topographische Zusammenstellung der Grafschaft und Besitzungen des Hauses Zollern-Hohenberg".Geschichte der Grafen von Zollern-Hohenberg. Google Books: Gebrüder Scheitlin. RetrievedFebruary 1, 2013.schmid zollern.
  19. ^Monumenta Zollerana (1852), CCLIX, p. 127.
  20. ^abFrederick XI ascended to the county earlier than his cousin Frederick X, but is counted higher, probably because Frederick XI was either himself younger than Frederick X, or came from the younger Strasbourgian line, which later influenced hsitoians who gave numbers to these counts.
  21. ^Sometimes numberedFrederick V.
  22. ^Schneider, Frank (1952).Geschichte der formellen Staatswirtschaft von Brandenburg-Preussen (in German). Duncker & Humblot. p. 51.ISBN 9783428013524 – viaGoogle Books.{{cite book}}:ISBN / Date incompatibility (help)
  23. ^Statement of Abdication of William II (28 November 1918)
  24. ^Jet Bussemaker (26 September 2014)."Brief van Eversheds inzake teruggave Huis Doorn" (in Dutch). Retrieved9 January 2022.
  25. ^"Brieven verschenen van familie Duitse keizer die Huis Doorn claimde".RTV Utrecht (in Dutch). 24 November 2020. Retrieved9 January 2022.
  26. ^abDerek Scally (25 July 2019)."The fall of the House of Hohenzollern".Irish Times.
  27. ^Josie Le Blond (25 June 2019)."Kaiser's descendant loses court battle to regain 13th-century castle".The Guardian.

Further reading

[edit]
  • Bogdan, Henry.Les Hohenzollern : La dynastie qui a fait l'Allemagne (1061–1918)
  • Carlyle, Thomas.A Short Introduction to the House of Hohenzollern (2014)
  • Clark, Christopher.Iron Kingdom: The Rise and Downfall of Prussia, 1600–1947 (2009), standard scholarly historyISBN 978-0-7139-9466-7
  • Koch, H. W.History of Prussia (1987), short scholarly history

External links

[edit]
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House of Hohenzollern
Founding year:12th century
German unificationRuling House ofGermany
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1525 – 9 November 1918
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26 March 1881 – 30 December 1947		Vacant
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