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Hotels in Atlanta

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Three hotels in downtown Atlanta. Clockwise from top:Westin Peachtree Plaza Hotel,Ellis Hotel,Carnegie Building

Founded in the 1830s as a railroad terminus,Atlanta experienced rapid growth in its early years to become a major economic center ofGeorgia, with several hotels built to accommodate for this growth. Followingits destruction during theCivil War, Atlanta experienced a resurgence and another hotel boom commenced in the late 1800s through the early 1900s. In the later half of the 20th century, hotel skyscrapers began to appear on the skyline, including what was at the time thetallest hotel in theUnited States. Later, a trend emerged of converting old office buildings intoboutique hotels.

History

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Early history through the early 20th century

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Atlanta Constitution article from 1913 describing some of the hotels in the city

The White Hall Inn, located in present-dayWest End, Atlanta, is generally considered to be one of the first hotels in the area, predating the founding of the city by several years and laying outside the original city limits.[1] As the area's population began to grow following its establishment as a terminus for the Western and Atlantic Railroad in 1837, several hotels arose to service visitors to the city. The first hotel built within city limits came in 1846 with the construction of theAtlanta Hotel.[2] It was joined later that year byWashington Hall.[3] Several more hotels would follow, including theTrout House in 1849.[4] However, these buildings, as well as many otherAntebellum era buildings in the city, were destroyed during theBurning of Atlanta, a significant event precedingSherman's March to the Sea during theAmerican Civil War.[5]

Following the war, Atlanta rebounded and began to rebuild at a rapid pace. New hotels arose to replace those lost during the war, including theKimball House (1870) and theMarkham House (1875). While many of the hotels before and after the war were built aroundState Square indowntown Atlanta, by the 1890s many of the newer hotels were being built north of the area along "upperPeachtree". Some of these notable buildings included theMajestic Hotel (1898) and thePiedmont Hotel (1903).[6][7] Also starting around this time, several hotels opened onHotel Row near the newly openedTerminal Station inSouth Downtown. Among these was theTerminal Hotel, built in 1906 by prominent Atlanta businessmanSamuel M. Inman.[8] However, stiff competition from other hotels in downtown caused the area to experience a decline a few decades later.[9]

Mid-20th century

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Main articles:Winecoff Hotel fire andHeart of Atlanta Motel, Inc. v. United States

Atlanta was home to the deadliest hotel fire in United States whena fire broke out in theWinecoff Hotel on December 7, 1946. In the ensuing disaster, 119 people died.[10] This event contributed to massive changes in North American building codes. The Winecoff would remain abandoned for several years before reopening in the 1950s with a changed name.[11] In 1964, theSupreme Court caseHeart of Atlanta Motel, Inc. v. United States pertained to a motel in Atlanta and was a landmark case in theCivil rights movement. The owner of the Heart of Atlanta Motel had refused to rent rooms toAfrican American patrons and the case pertained toTitle II of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, which prohibited discrimination in public accommodations. The Supreme Court against the motel owner and affirmed the constitutionality of the act.[12]

Later 20th century

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Westin Peachtree Plaza Hotel

The later half of the 20th century saw several skyscraper hotels take shape on the Atlanta skyline. John C. Portman Jr.'sPeachtree Center plan included the construction of multiple high-rise hotels in downtown during the 1970s and 1980s. Arguably the most notable of these was theWestin Peachtree Plaza Hotel. Upon its completion in 1976, the building was the tallest hotel in the world, thetallest building in Atlanta, and the tallest building in theSoutheastern United States.[13] Other Portman-designed hotels included theHyatt Regency Atlanta in 1967 and theAtlanta Marriott Marquis in 1985. The hotels in Peachtree Center, along with others in the surrounding downtown area, constitute theHotel District neighborhood in downtown Atlanta, named in reference of the numerous hotels in the area.

Recent history

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Since the late 1990s, a trend that has emerged in Atlanta has been the repurposing of old office buildings into boutique hotels. In 1996, theRhodes-Haverty Building (1929) was converted from office space to a hotel, and it currently houses aResidence Inn by Marriott.[14] Similarly, in the 2010s, theCarnegie Building (1925) and theCandler Building (1906) in downtown Atlanta were converted to hotels.[15] Conversely, some historic hotel buildings have been repurposed for other uses, including office space. Examples of this include theAtlanta Biltmore Hotel (1924), which was repurposed for office use in the 1990s, and theImperial Hotel (1910), which now serves aslow-income housing.[16][17]

List of hotels

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This list isincomplete; you can help byadding missing items.(October 2020)
NameImageBuiltArchitectNotes
Atlanta Hotel1846The first hotel to be built within Atlanta's city limits. Destroyed in 1864 during theBurning of Atlanta.[18]
Washington Hall1846Built shortly after the Atlanta Hotel. Destroyed in 1864 during theBurning of Atlanta.[19]
Trout House1849Confederate PresidentJefferson Davis gave a speech here in 1861.[20] Destroyed in 1864 during theBurning of Atlanta.[5]
Kimball House1870William ParkinsBuilt on the site of the Atlanta Hotel. Destroyed by a fire in 1883 and rebuilt in 1885. Razed in 1959.[21]
Markham House1875Built byWilliam Markham.[22] Destroyed by fire in 1896.[23]
Hotel Aragon1892Demolished in 1930.[24][25]
Majestic Hotel1898Demolished in 1927.[26]
Piedmont Hotel1903Willis F. DennyUnderwent renovations in 1928–1929. Demolished in 1965.[27]
Candler Building1906George Stewart

George E. Murphy

Tallest building in the city at the time of its completion.[28] Designated aNational Historic Landmark in 1977. Repurposed in 2016 for use as a boutique hotel.[14]
Terminal Hotel1906Built bySamuel M. Inman across fromTerminal Station. Part of theHotel Row district in downtown.[9] Destroyed by fire in 1938.[29]
Imperial Hotel1910Edward E. Dougherty

R. M. Walker

Abandoned in 1980.[30] Added to theNational Register of Historic Places in 1983. Currently serves aslow-income housing.[30]
Georgian Terrace Hotel1911William Lee StoddartDeclared acontributing property to theFox Theatre Historic District in 1978. Underwent renovations in 1991.[31]
Ellis Hotel1913William Lee StoddartOriginally known as theWinecoff Hotel. Site of the 1946Winecoff Hotel fire.[10] Reopened in 1951 as thePeachtree on Peachtree Hotel.[11] Later served as housing for the elderly. Reopened in 2007 with its current name.[32] Added to theNational Register of Historic Places in 2009.
Hotel Ansley1913Jerome B. PoundRenamed theDinkler Plaza Hotel in 1953. Razed in 1973.[33]
Connally Building1916William Lee StoddartOriginally built as an office building. Converted to a hotel in 1990 following a renovation and the addition of eleven stories.[34] Currently houses aFairfield by Marriott.[35]
Glenn Building1923Wadley B. WoodOriginally built as an office building. Converted to a boutique hotel in 2006.[14] Added to theNational Register of Historic Places in 2008.
Atlanta Biltmore Hotel and Biltmore Apartments1924Schultze & WeaverOperated bySheraton Hotels and Resorts between 1967 and 1979. Added toNational Register of Historic Places in 1980. Converted to an office building in 1999.[36]
Briarcliff Hotel1924G. Lloyd PreacherBuilt byAsa G. Candler Jr. as a luxury apartments and hotel. Originally known asThe Seven-Fifty.[37] Added to theNational Register of Historic Places in 1982.
Clermont Motor Hotel1924Originally built as theBonaventure Arms Apartments, converted into a hotel in 1939.[38][39] Famous for theClermont Lounge, Atlanta's first and oldeststrip club, which opened in the 1960s.[38] RenamedHotel Clermont following renovations in 2018.[38]
Henry Grady Hotel1924G. Lloyd PreacherNamed forHenry W. Grady. Demolished in 1972 to make way for theWestin Peachtree Plaza Hotel.[40]
Carnegie Building1925G. Lloyd PreacherBuilt as theWynne-Claughton Building, originally served as an office building until its repurposing into a boutique hotel in 2010.[41] Currently houses aCourtyard by Marriott.[15] Added toNational Register of Historic Places in 2012.
Hotel Indigo Atlanta Midtown1925Francis Palmer SmithBuilt as theCarlton Bachelor Apartments and later known as theCox-Carlton Hotel.[42] Reopened in 2004 as aHotel Indigo. Added to theNational Register of Historic Places in 2006.
Rhodes–Haverty Building1929Francis Palmer SmithOriginally built as an office building. Tallest building in Atlanta at the time of its construction. Added toNational Register of Historic Places in 1979. Repurposed in the mid-1990s to become a hotel.[43]
Atlanta Cabana Motel1958Jay Sarno(developer)Demolished in 2002.[44]
Hyatt Regency Atlanta1967John C. Portman Jr.Originally known as theRegency Hyatt House. Part ofPeachtree Center.[45]
Westin Peachtree Plaza Hotel1976John C. Portman Jr.Tallest hotel in the world andtallest building in Atlanta at the time of its completion. Part ofPeachtree Center.[13]
Atlanta Marriott Marquis1985John C. Portman Jr.Largest hotel in Atlanta. Part ofPeachtree Center.[46]
Grand Hyatt Atlanta in Buckhead199025-story hotel in Buckhead. Originally built as theHotel Nikko Atlanta and owned byNikko Hotels.[47] Purchased byHyatt in 1997.[48]
Four Seasons Hotel Atlanta1992Rabun, Rasche, Rector & Reece, ArchitectsLocated in theGLG Grand. Originally known as theGLG Grand Hotel and later theOccidental Grand Hotel. Became aFour Seasons Hotels and Resorts property in the late 1997.[49]
Waldorf Astoria Atlanta Buckhead2008Robert A.M. Stern Architects

Milton Pate Architects

Originally known asThe Mansion on Peachtree. RenamedThe Mandarin Oriental, Atlanta in 2012. Gained its current name in 2018.[50]

References

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  1. ^Kurtz & Kurtz 1982, pp. 27–28.
  2. ^Martin 1902, p. 45.
  3. ^Garrett 1969a, p. 237.
  4. ^Pioneer Citizens' History of Atlanta, 1833-1902 1902, p. 29.
  5. ^abGarrett 1969a, p. 374.
  6. ^Garrett 1969b, p. 442.
  7. ^Hillyer 2015, p. 156.
  8. ^Galloway 2002, p. 63.
  9. ^abMorrison 2019, p. 52.
  10. ^abBlass & Rose 1998, p. 36.
  11. ^abGarrett 1969b, p. 606.
  12. ^Barnett & Blackman 2020, p. 44.
  13. ^abKelly 2019.
  14. ^abcStafford 2016.
  15. ^abStafford 2019.
  16. ^Trubey 2016.
  17. ^Steffen 2010.
  18. ^Clayton 1999, p. 27.
  19. ^Clayton 1999, p. 81.
  20. ^Martin 1902, p. 167.
  21. ^Martin 1987, p. 301.
  22. ^Reed 1889, p. 94.
  23. ^The New York Times 1896.
  24. ^Taylor 1930.
  25. ^Zimmerman 1999, p. 63.
  26. ^Garrett 1969b, p. 854.
  27. ^Martin 1987, p. 454.
  28. ^Kahn 2018.
  29. ^Garrett 1969b, p. 527–529.
  30. ^abLee 2013.
  31. ^Craig 1995, p. 78.
  32. ^Christian 2008.
  33. ^Ariail 2013, p. 29.
  34. ^Gournay 1993, p. 4.
  35. ^Hotel Management 2013.
  36. ^Diamond 2016.
  37. ^Jones 2012.
  38. ^abcKincaid 2018.
  39. ^Clanton 2019.
  40. ^Zimmerman 1999, p. 72.
  41. ^Schoolcraft 2010.
  42. ^Craig 2012, p. 115.
  43. ^Davis & Davis 2011, p. 23.
  44. ^Henry 2017.
  45. ^Rice 2016.
  46. ^Felton 2008, p. 47.
  47. ^Thalimer & Thalimer 2008, p. 129.
  48. ^Hickel & Botha 2003, p. 201.
  49. ^Seward 2013.
  50. ^Godwin 2018.

Bibliography

[edit]
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