TheRadio Songs chart (previously namedHot 100 Airplay until 2014[1] andTop 40 Radio Monitor until July 1993[2][3]) is released weekly byBillboard magazine and measures the airplay of songs being played on radio stations throughout the United States across all musical genres. It is one of the three components, along with sales (bothphysical and thedigital) and streaming activity, that determine the chart positions of songs on theBillboard Hot 100.
Radio airplay has always been one of the component charts of the Hot 100. Prior to the establishment of the Hot 100,Billboard published a radio airplay chart, a singles sales chart and ajukebox play chart, the last of which was discontinued in 1959 as jukeboxes lost their popularity. During the 1960s and 1970s,Billboard continued to collect airplay data as a component of the Hot 100 but did not make the chart public.[4]
The airplay-only chart debuted as a 30-position chart on October 20, 1984, and was expanded to 40 positions on May 31, 1986.[5] Rankings were based on playlists received by a panel of Top 40 radio stations. On December 8, 1990,Billboard introduced the 75-position Top 40 Radio Monitor chart positions, which ranked songs measured by the number of spins each song on monitored radio stations and the ratings for those stations when the songs were being played based onNielsen BDS technology.[6] The BDS-measured Top 40 Radio Monitor chart became the official airplay-component of the Hot 100 on November 30, 1991.[7]
Each week, the Radio Songs chart ranks the top 100 songs by most airplay points (frequently referred to as audience impressions, which is a calculation of the number of times a song is played and the audience size of the station playing the tune). A song can pick up an airplay point every time it is selected to be played on specific radio stations thatBillboard monitors. Radio stations across the board are used, from Top 40 Mainstream (which plays a wide variety of music that is generally the most popular songs of the time) to more genre-specific radio stations such as urban radio and country music.Paid plays of a song or treatment asbumper music do not count as an impression.
During the early years of the chart, only airplay data from top 40 radio stations were compiled to generate the chart. Effective from issue dated July 17, 1993, adult contemporary stations were added to the panel, followed by modern rock few months later. However, beginning in December 1998, the chart profile expanded to include airplay data from radio stations of other formats such as R&B, rock and country. To preserve the notion of the former chart, theTop 40 Tracks chart (now defunct) was introduced at the same time.
PerBillboard (as of October 2011):
"1,214 stations, encompassing pop, adult, rock, country, R&B/hip-hop, Christian, gospel, dance, jazz and Latin formats, are electronically monitored 24 hours a day, 7 days a week by Nielsen Broadcast Data System. This data is used to compile the Billboard Hot 100."
The radio airplay data was previously collected on a Wednesday to Tuesday weekly cycle prior to July 2015, and on a Monday to Sunday weekly cycle from July 2015 to July 2021.[8] As of the chart dated July 17, 2021, the radio airplay data is collected on a Friday through Thursday weekly cycle, which matches that of the other Hot 100 metrics (streaming and sales).[9]
On November 30, 1991, after 21 years of using theBillboard Hot 100 as their source,American Top 40 started using this chart, which at the time was called theTop 40 Radio Monitor. This relationship ended in January 1993, asAmerican Top 40 switched to theBillboardMainstream Top 40 chart. The ongoing splintering ofTop 40 radio in the early 1990s led stations to lean into specific formats, meaning that practically no station would play the wide array of genres that typically composed each weekly Hot 100 chart.
