The province is in the south of the country, in Iran'sRegion 2[5] facingOman, theUnited Arab Emirates and the Hormuz Straits. Its area is 70,697 km2 (27,296 sq mi),[6] The province has 14 islands in thePersian Gulf and 1,000 km (620 mi) of coastline.
Although Hormozgan is known to have been settled during theAchaemenid era whenNearchus passed through the region, recorded history of the mainport of Hormozgan (Bandar‑e Hormoz) begins withArdashir I of Persia of theSassanid empire.
The province is said to have been particularly prosperous between 241 BC and 211 BC, but grew even further in trade and commercial significance with the beginning of the Islamic era.
In 1497 Europeans landed in the region for the first time, headed byVasco da Gama. In 1508 thePortuguese, led byAfonso de Albuquerque invaded the area with seven warships, under the pretext of protecting their interests fromEgypt andVenice. The port of Hormuz at the time was considered strategically positioned for commercial interests in thePersian Gulf.
Ismail I who was trying to counter theOttoman Empire to the west, was unable to save the port from the Portuguese, untilShah Abbas I was finally able to drive them out of the Persian Gulf with the aid of the British. The name ofBandar Abbas comes directly from the name of Shah Abbas I.
The British, meanwhile, were competing for influence in the region with Dutch colonialists, who invadedQeshm Island and dispatched warships toBandar Abbas during the final years of Shah Abbas' reign. The Persian government was unable to defend itself against this attack. However, with the souring of British and Dutch relations, military tensions grew in the region. The Dutch finally resorted to moving their base up toKharg Island.
TheAmir ofKharg, Mir Mahna Baloch andMir HammalKalmati withBaloch army defeated the Europeans fromBander Abbas tillKarachi,[7][8] so with the Dutch and other forces at Kharg, the British were firmly in charge of the entire region. Soon Britain took control over the entire Persian Gulf via the BritishEast India Company. The British adopted policy encouraging local autonomy throughout the Persian Gulf to in order to prevent a formidable unified force from threatening their establishments in the gulf.
The strategic importance of the Persian Gulf further increased afterWorld War I with the discovery of oil in the region.
Hormozgan is dominated by a variety of Persian language. Northwest IranianBalochi is present as well.Arabic, aSemitic language, andKholosi, anIndic language, are also found among a minority of speakers within the province.
At the time of the 2006 National Census, the province's population was 1,365,377 people in 303,323 households.[10] There were 1,578,183 inhabitants in 396,927 households at the following census of 2011.[11] The 2016 census measured the population of the province as 1,776,415 in 493,660 households.[2]
The population history and structural changes of Hormozgan province's administrative divisions over three consecutive censuses are shown in the following table.
The province is primarily mountainous, consisting of the southern tip of theZagros Range. The province experiences a very hot and humid climate, with temperatures sometimes exceeding 120 °F (49 °C) in summers. There is very little precipitation year-round.
Hormozgan today has 11 ports, five national airports, and three international airports. The province has an active agriculture sector, ranking first in Iran inlime production and second indate production. 30% of Iran's fishery produce comes from this province. Three major hydrodams serve the water needs of the province – Esteghlal Dam (i.e., Minab Dam, which supplies major part of consuming water of the Bandar Abbas), Jegin Dam, and Shemil Dam.
Germany has recently[when?] offered to build a bridge that would connect Qeshm island to the mainland, a formidable project.
The Cultural Heritage Organization of Iran lists 212 sites of historical and cultural significance in the province. Some of the more popular attractions are:
Emarat-e Kolah Farangi (built by and during the Dutch occupation)
Berkeh haye Baran (six traditional water reservoirs)
Gele-dari traditional bath
The Hindu temple
Latidan Bridge, built during the era of Shah Abbas I
^Davodi, Parviz (c. 2023) [Approved 28 July 1387].Divisional changes and reforms in Hormozgan province.qavanin.ir (Report) (in Persian). Ministry of the Interior, Board of Ministers. Proposal 1/4/42/91511. Archived fromthe original on 6 September 2023. Retrieved6 September 2023 – via Laws and Regulations Portal of the Islamic Republic of Iran.
^Davodi, Parviz (14 April 2018) [Approved 18 September 1386].Approval letter regarding the reforms of national divisions in Hormozgan province.rc.majlis.ir (Report) (in Persian). Ministry of the Interior, Political-Defense Commission. Proposal 93023/42/4/1; Letter 58538/T26118H; Notification 158927/T38028K. Archived fromthe original on 3 April 2019. Retrieved23 November 2023 – via Islamic Parliament Research Center of the Islamic Republic of Iran.
Afshar Sistani, Iraj, Shenakht-e ostan-e Hormozgan, Tehran 2000
Barbera, Gerardo, "Hormozgan: Situação linguística e aspectos culturais",Âyiné. International Journal of Islamic Societies and Cultures, 1, 2013, pp. 130–147
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