Hnojník Gnojnik | |
|---|---|
 Hnojník Castle | |
 Flag  Coat of arms | |
  Hnojník Location in the Czech Republic | |
| Coordinates:49°40′56″N18°32′29″E / 49.68222°N 18.54139°E /49.68222; 18.54139 | |
| Country |  Czech Republic |
| Region | Moravian-Silesian |
| District | Frýdek-Místek |
| First mentioned | 1305 |
| Area | |
• Total | 6.42 km2 (2.48 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 365 m (1,198 ft) |
| Population (2024-01-01)[1] | |
• Total | 1,501 |
| • Density | 230/km2 (610/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Postal code | 739 53 |
| Website | www |
Hnojník (Polish:Gnojnikⓘ,German:Hnoynik, Gnoynik) is a municipality and village inFrýdek-Místek District in theMoravian-Silesian Region of theCzech Republic. It has about 1,500 inhabitants. The municipality has a significantPolish minority.
The name is derived fromhnůj (or obsoletehnoj), i.e. "manure". The origin is uncertain, either the village was named after apeat bog, which resembled manure in its consistency, or it was named after mushrooms from the genusCoprinus, which are also calledhnojník in Czech.[2]
Hnojník is located about 12 kilometres (7 mi) east ofFrýdek-Místek and 22 km (14 mi) southeast ofOstrava. It lies in the historical region ofCieszyn Silesia, in theMoravian-Silesian Foothills. TheStonávka River flows through the municipality.
The village was probably founded bySlavs at the end of the 12th century. The first written mention of Hnojník is in a Latin document ofDiocese of Wrocław calledLiber fundationis episcopatus Vratislaviensis from around 1305 asGnoynik. Politically Hnojník belonged initially to theDuchy of Teschen, from 1327 afee of theKingdom of Bohemia.[3][4]
The village probably became a seat of a Catholicparish prior to the 16th century. After the 1540s,Protestant Reformation prevailed in the Duchy of Teschen and a local Catholic church was taken over byLutherans. It was taken from them (as one from around fifty buildings) in the region by a special commission and given back to theRoman Catholic Church on 23 March 1654.[5]
Until 1483, Hnojník was owned by the princes of Tetschen. After 1483, it was owned by several noble families. In 1736, the village was bought by Karl Beess. Shortly after, he had built a one-storey Baroque castle. The Beess family was the last feudal owner of the Hnojník estate.[4]
AfterRevolutions of 1848 in the Austrian Empire a modernmunicipal division was introduced in the re-establishedAustrian Silesia. The village as a municipality was subscribed to thepolitical andlegal district ofCieszyn. According to the censuses conducted in 1880–1910 the population of the municipality dropped from 599 in 1880 to 569 in 1910 with a dwindling majority being native Polish-speakers (from 97% in 1880 to 90.5% in 1910) accompanied by a German-speaking people (between 3% and 3.5%) and Czech-speaking (growing from 8 or 1.4% in 1890 to 34 or 6% in 1910). In terms of religion in 1910 majority wereProtestants (57%), followed byRoman Catholics (41.5%) andJews (9 or 1.5%).[6]
AfterWorld War I,Polish–Czechoslovak War and the division ofCieszyn Silesia in 1920, the municipality became a part ofCzechoslovakia. Following theMunich Agreement, in October 1938 together with theTrans-Olza region it was annexed byPoland, administratively adjoined toCieszyn County ofSilesian Voivodeship.[7] It was then annexed byNazi Germany at the beginning ofWorld War II. After the war it was restored toCzechoslovakia.
The Beess family property was confiscated in November 1945 according to theBeneš decrees. In 1946, the German population of Hnojník, including the Beess family, wasexpelled.[8]
Polish minority makes up 12.4% of the population.[9]
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| Source: Censuses[10][11] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
The I/68 road (part of theEuropean route E75), which connects theD48 motorway with the Czech-Slovak border inMosty u Jablunkova, passes through the northern part of the municipality.
In the municipality there is a Czech-language primary school with a kindergarten named afterTomáš Garrigue Masaryk, and a Polish-language primary school named afterJan Kubisz, who is the most famous personality linked to Hnojník.[12]
The main landmark in Hnojník is Hnojník Castle. TheBaroque castle was rebuilt in theEmpire style in the first half of the 19th century according to the plans of the architectJoseph Kornhäusel. After World War II, the castle was confiscated by the state. Part of the furniture and paintings and the library were relocated toŠternberk andPotštát. The castle became a property of the local administration, which converted the interior into offices and apartments. From 1966 to 1989, the castle was owned by a collective farm and slowly dilapidated. Since 1990, the castle was owned by various private individuals, but is unused and continues to dilapidate.[8]
The second landmark is theRoman Catholic parish Church of the Assumption of theVirgin Mary. The initial wooden church was torn down and a new brick Empire style one built in its place in 1808–1812.[13]
The Beess family tomb is located on the Catholic cemetery next to the church. This rectangular building was built in the Empire style in the second half of the 19th century.[8]
