Overview of the global spread of Hinduism
Percentage of Hindus by country, according to thePew Research Center Hinduism has approximately 1.2 billion adherents worldwide (15% of the world's population).[ 1] Hinduism is thethird largest religion in the world behindChristianity (32.8%) andIslam (23.3%).[ 2]
Most Hindus live in Asian countries, and the majority ofNepal andIndia are Hindus, and a significant number inMauritius . The past two centuries have seen large-scale migration of Hindus from Southeast Asia, to around the world.[ 3] India ,Nepal ,Bangladesh ,Indonesia ,Pakistan ,Sri Lanka , theUnited States ,Malaysia ,United Kingdom ,Myanmar ,Australia ,Mauritius ,South Africa ,Canada , andthe United Arab Emirates .
There are significant numbers of Hindu enclaves around the world, with many inSouth Africa ,Canada ,Australia andNew Zealand .Hinduism is also practiced by the non-Indic people including theBalinese ofBali island (Indonesia ),Tengger andOsing ofJava (Indonesia), the BalamonChams ofVietnam , andButuanon people inPhilippines .
Hinduism is a heterogeneous religion and consists of many schools of thought. Hinduism includes a diversity of ideas onspirituality and traditions, but has no ecclesiastical order, no unquestionable religious authorities, no governing body, no prophet(s) nor any binding holy book; Hindus can be polytheistic, monotheistic, pantheistic, monistic, agnostic, humanist, or atheistic.[ 4]
One of the first major waves of Hindus leaving the South Asia were a result of colonialism in India during 19th and early 20th century. Under indenture contracts, many Hindus migrated far across the world to Guyana, Surinam, Trinidad, Mauritius, South Africa, Eastern Africa, Fiji, Burma and Malaysia. These were some of the first countries with Hinduism established outside of the Indian sub-continent, many of which still have a thriving Hindu community today.[ 3]
Demographic estimates [ edit ] Demographic estimates ofHindu populations by country have been published by thePew Research Center in 2012,[ 5] International Religious Freedom Report 2006.[ 6]
By total number, India has the most Hindus. As a percentage,Nepal has the largest percentage of Hindus in the world, followed byIndia andMauritius .[ 7] Christianity and Islam , of which nearly 1.1 billion Hindus live in India.[ 8] [ 9] [ 10] [ 11] [ 12] [citation needed InMauritius , 47.9 percent of the population were Hindu, according to the 2022 census.[ 13]
Sources used for the table below include the US State Department,[ 6] CIA World Factbook ,[ 14] [ 15] [ 16] Pew Research Center .[ 17] [ 18]
Hinduism by country Region Country Hindu total Percentage Total population Census year South Asia Afghanistan <1,000(est) <0.01%[ 19] [ 20] 31,889,923 2017 North Africa Algeria 5,720 0.01%[ 21] 43,053,053 2019 Western Europe Andorra 300 - 400 0.4%[ 22] 60,000 >2012 Caribbean Anguilla 50 - 60 0.43%[ 23] 13,452 -NA- Caribbean Antigua and Barbuda 379 0.4%[ 24] 81,799 -NA- South America Argentina 4,000+ 0.01%[ 25] 40,301,927 -NA- Oceania Australia 684,000 2.7%[ 26] 23,401,400 2021 Central Europe Austria 11,000 0.1%[ 27] 8,900,000 Middle East Bahrain 7,000 – 144,286[ note 1] <1%–9.8%[ 30] [ note 1] 708,573 South Asia Bangladesh 14,300,000 8.54%[ 31] 167,000,000 2011 Caribbean Barbados 1,055 0.46%[ 32] 226,193 Western Europe Belgium 6,235 0.06%[ 33] 10,392,226 Central America andCaribbean Belize 612 0.2%[ 34] 294,385 South Asia Bhutan 185,700 22.6%–25%[ 35] [ 36] 742,737 Southern Africa Botswana 3,353 0.3%[ 37] 1,372,675 South America Brazil 5,675–9,500 0.0029%[ 38] 192,755,799 Southeast Asia Brunei 131 0.035%[ 39] 374,577 West Africa Burkina Faso 150 0.001%[citation needed 14,326,203 Central Africa Burundi 8,391 0.1%[ 40] [ 41] 8,390,505 Southeast Asia Cambodia 41,988 0.3%[ 42] [ 43] 13,995,904 North America Canada 828,200 2.3%[ 44] 36,990,141 2021 Central Europe Czech Republic 2,404 0.023%[ 45] 10,436,560 East Asia China 20,000[ 46] <0.1%[ 47] 1,412,600,000 South America Colombia 8,876 0.02%[ 48] 44,379,598 East Africa Comoros 711 0.1%(approx)[citation needed 711,417 Central Africa Congo (Kinshasa) 30,000[ 18] 0.18%[ 18] 65,751,512 Balkans Croatia 449 0.01% (approx)[ 49] 4,493,312 North America Cuba 23,927 0.21%[ 50] 11,394,043 West Africa Côte d'Ivoire 18,013 0.1%[ 51] [ 52] 18,013,409 Middle East Cyprus 4,640 0.4%[ 53] 1,160,987 2015 Western Europe Denmark 5,468 0.1%[ 54] [ 55] 5,468,120 East Africa Djibouti 99 0.02%[ 56] 496,374 Caribbean Dominica 145 0.2%[ 57] 72,386 North Africa Egypt 2,700 0.003%[ 58] 82,761,244 2010 East Africa Eritrea 4,907 0.1% (approx)[ 59] 4,906,585 Eastern Europe Estonia 295 0.027%[ 60] 1,094,564 Oceania Fiji 261,136 27.9%[ 61] [ 62] 935,974 Western Europe Finland 5,000 0.1%[ 63] 5,238,460 Western Europe France 121,000 0.2%[ 64] 63,718,187 Eastern Europe Georgia 465 0.01% (approx)[ 65] 4,646,003 Western Europe Germany 130,000 0.15% (approx)[ 66] 82,660,000 West Africa Ghana 12,500 0.05% (approx)[ 67] 22,931,299 Western Europe Gibraltar 628 2.0%[ 68] 32,194 Caribbean Grenada 630 0.7%[ 69] 89,971 Caribbean Guadeloupe 2,300 0.5%[ 70] 460,000 South America andCaribbean Guyana 190,966 24.9%[ 71] 769,095 Central Europe Hungary 3,307[ 72] [ 73] [ 74] 0.03% 9,603,634 2022 South Asia India 1,053,000,000 79.8%[ 75] [ 76] [ 77] 1,320,000,000 (2011 Census ) Southeast Asia Indonesia 4,679,053[ 78] 1.71%[ 78] 273,873,000 2021 Middle East Iran 20,000[ 18] <0.1[ 18] 65,397,521 Western Europe Ireland 14,300 0.30%[ 79] 4,761,865 2016 Middle East Israel c.500–1,400 0.01%[ 80] 9,412,850 2020 Western Europe Italy 108,950 0.2% (approx)[ 81] 60,418,000 Caribbean Jamaica 1,836 0.07%[ 82] 2,780,132 East Asia Japan 30,000[ 18] <0.1[ 18] 127,433,494 Middle East Jordan 10,185 0.1[ 83] 10,185,500 2020 Central Asia Kazakhstan 1,878 0.01%[ 84] 18,632,000 2020 East Africa Kenya 60,000[ 18] 0.1%[ 18] 37,000,000 East Asia Korea, South 12,452 0.015% (approx) 49,044,790 Middle East Kuwait 300,667[ note 2] 12%[ 86] 2,505,559 Eastern Europe Latvia 179 0.012%[ 87] 1,481,823 Middle East Lebanon 4,926 0.1% (approx)[ 88] 4,925,502 Eastern Europe Lithuania 344 0.01%[ 89] 2,561,000 Southern Africa Lesotho 2,125 0.1% (approx)[ 90] [ 91] 2,125,262 West Africa Liberia 3,196 0.1% (approx)[ 92] 3,195,931 North Africa Libya 6,037 0.1%[ 93] [ 94] 6,036,914 Western Europe Luxembourg 336 0.07% (approx)[ 95] 480,222 Southern Africa Madagascar 19,449 0.1%[ 96] [ 97] 19,448,815 Southern Africa Malawi 2,721 – 2,726 0.02%[ 98] [ 99] 13,603,181 Southeast Asia Malaysia 1,949,850 6.3%[ 100] [ 101] 30,949,962 Caribbean Martinique 1,317 0.3%[ 102] 439,202 South Asia Maldives 37 0.01%[ 103] 369,031 Southern Africa Mauritius 650,000 47.9%[ 13] 1,261,000 2022 Eastern Europe Moldova 433 0.01% (approx)[ 104] 3,200,000 North Africa Morocco 200 0.0006[ 105] 32,781,860 2011 Southern Africa Mozambique 10,453 – 41,811 0.05%[ 106] [ 107] 20,905,585 Southeast Asia Myanmar 252,763[ 108] 0.5%[ 109] 50,279,900[ 110] 2014 South Asia Nepal 23,677,744 81.19%[ 111] 29,164,578[ 112] 2021 Western Europe Netherlands 96,110 – 200,000 0.58%[ 113] [ 114] 16,570,613 Oceania New Zealand 144,753 2.9%[ 115] 4,115,771 Western Europe Norway 23,140 0.5% 4,627,926 Middle East Oman 96,147 – 182,679 3%[ 116] [ 117] 3,204,897 South Asia Pakistan 5,217,216 2.17%[ 118] 240,458,089 2023 Central America Panama 9,726 0.3%[ 119] [ 120] 3,242,173 Southeast Asia Philippines 32,711[ 15] <0.1%[ 15] 102,000,000[ 121] [ 122] Western Europe Portugal 7,396 0.07% 10,642,836 Central Europe Poland 2,421 0.008%[ 123] 30,575,000 Caribbean Puerto Rico 3,550 0.09%[ 124] 3,944,259 Middle East Qatar 422,118 15.1%[ 125] 2,795,484[ 126] 2020 East Africa Réunion 55,409 6.7%[ 127] 927,000 Eastern Europe Russia 143,000 0.1%[ 128] 141,377,752 Oceania Samoa 38 0.02% (approx) 187,429 Saint Kitts and Nevis Saint Kitts and Nevis 860 1.82%[ 129] 47,195 2011 Middle East Saudi Arabia 303,611[ note 3] 0.6%[ 131] [ 132] 27,601,038 East Africa Seychelles 5,508 5.4%[ 133] [ 134] 102,812 2022 West Africa Sierra Leone 2,458 – 6,145 0.04%[ 135] [ 136] 6,144,562 Southeast Asia Singapore 280,000 5.0%[ 137] [ 138] 5,600,000 2011 Central Europe Slovakia 5,448 0.1% (approx)[citation needed 5,447,502 Central Europe Slovenia 500 0.025% (approx)[citation needed 2,009,245 Eastern Africa Somalia 8,278 0.06%[ 139] 13,797,204 2015 Southern Africa South Africa 505,000 0.9%[ 140] [ 18] 49,991,300 Western Europe Spain 75,000 0.11%[ 141] 48,692,804 2024 South Asia Sri Lanka 2,671,000 12.6%[ 142] 21,200,000 2011 South America andCaribbean Suriname 120,623 – 128,995 22.3%[ 143] [ 144] 470,784 Southern Africa Eswatini 1,700 – 2,266 0.15%[ 145] [ 146] 1,133,066 Western Europe Sweden 7,044 – 10,837 0.078% – 0.12%[ 147] 9,031,088 Western Europe Switzerland 28,708-50,000[ 148] [ 149] 0.38%[ 150] [ 151] [ 152] 7,554,661 East Africa Tanzania 50,000[ 153] 0.11%[ 153] 39,384,223 Caribbean Trinidad and Tobago 240,100 18.2%[ 154] [ 155] [ 156] 1,056,608 2011 Southeast Asia Thailand 65,000 0.1%[ 157] 65,068,149 Oceania Tonga 100 0.1%[ 158] 103,043 North Africa Tunisia 120 0.001%[ 159] 11,303,942 2016 Middle East Turkey 843 0.001%[ 160] 83,614,362 2020 Eastern Europe Ukraine 42,386 0.1%[ 161] 42,386,400 East Africa Uganda 100,000[ 47] 0.3%[ 47] 38,225,447 Middle East United Arab Emirates 490,000[ note 4] 5 - 20%[ 163] 9,682,000 Western Europe United Kingdom 1,020,000 1.7%[ 164] [ 165] 60,776,238 2017 North America United States 3,338,210 1.0%[ 166] 332,000,000 2020 Caribbean United States Virgin Islands 528 1.9%[ 167] 28,054 Central Asia Uzbekistan 895[ 168] 0.0025% 34,558,900 2020 Southeast Asia Vietnam 70,000 0.07% 85,262,356 Middle East Yemen 155,614 0.7%[ 169] 22,230,531 Southern Africa Zambia 16,068 0.14%[ 170] [ 171] 11,477,447 Southern Africa Zimbabwe 3,000 0.02% 12,311,143 Total 1,100,000,000 - 1,120,000,000 15%[ 1] 7,500,000,000
These percentages were calculated by using the above numbers. The first percentage, in the 4th column, is the percentage of the population that is Hindu in a specific region (Hindus in the region * 100/total population of the region). The last column shows the Hindu percentage compared to the total Hindu population of the world (Hindus in the region * 100/total Hindu population of the world).
(Note: Egypt, Sudan, and otherArab Maghreb countries are counted as part ofNorth Africa , not theMiddle East ).
Hinduism in Africa Region Total Population Hindus % of Hindus % of Hindu total Central Africa 193,121,055 N/A N/A N/A East Africa 193,741,900 667,694 0.345% 0.071% North Africa 202,151,323 5,765 0.003% 0.001% Southern Africa 137,092,019 1,269,844 0.926% 0.135% West Africa 268,997,245 70,402 0.026% 0.007% Total 885,103,542 2,013,705 0.225% 0.213%
Hinduism in Asia Region Total Population Hindus % of Hindus % of Hindu total Central Asia 92,019,166 149,644 0.163% 0.016% East Asia 1,527,960,261 130,631 0.009% 0.014% West Asia 274,775,527 3,187,673 1.5% 0.084% South Asia 1,437,326,682 1,068,728,901 70.05% 98.475% Southeast Asia 571,337,070 6,386,614 1.118% 0.677% Total 3,903,418,706 1,074,728,901 26.01% 99.266%
Hinduism in Europe Region Total Population Hindus % of Hindus % of Hindu total Balkans 65,407,609 449 0.001% 0.001% Central Europe 74,510,241 163 0% 0% Eastern Europe 212,821,296 717,101 0.337% 0.076% Western Europe 375,832,557 1,313,640 0.348% 0.138% Total 728,571,703 2,030,904 0.278% 0.214%
Hinduism in the Americas Region Total Population Hindus % of Hindus % of Hindu total Caribbean 24,898,266 279,515 1.123% 0.030% Central America 41,135,205 5,833 0.014% 0.006% North America 446,088,748 2,131,127 0.478% 0.191% South America 371,075,531 389,869 0.105% 0.041% Total 883,197,750 2,806,344 0.281% 0.263%
Hinduism in Oceania Region Total Population Hindus % of Hindus % of Hindu total Oceania 38,552,683 791,615 2.053% 0.071% Total 38,552,683 791,615 2.053% 0.071%
^a b The estimates vary depending on whether temporary workers are included or not. The official census of the Bahrain government states that 99% of its citizens are Muslims, and the remaining 1% includes Jews, Christians, Hindus, and Bahais.[ 28] [ 29] ^ The estimates vary depending on whether temporary workers – with no residency nor right to openly practice their religion – are included or not. The official Kuwaiti government census data does not count Hindus as residents or citizens of Kuwait.[ 85] ^ The estimates vary depending on whether temporary workers – with no residency nor right to openly practice their religion – are included or not. The Saudi Arabian government mandates that all Saudi citizens must be Muslims, and it prohibits public practice of Hinduism and other non-Muslim religions.[ 130] ^ The estimates vary depending on whether temporary workers – with no residency nor right to openly practice their religion – are included or not. 80% of the UAE population consists of non-citizen temporary workers, and an estimated 25% of these workers may be Hindu. Only Sunni Muslims can be naturalized new citizens in the UAE. According to the US State Department, the federal constitution of the UAE designates Islam as the official religion, and Islam is also the official religion of all seven of the individual emirates in the federal union. The Government does not recognize all non-Muslim religions and only a limited number of Christian groups are granted legal recognition in UAE. 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Sovereign states States with limited Dependencies and
Sovereign states States with limited
Dependencies and
Sovereign states Dependencies and
Sovereign states Associated states Dependencies
