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| Hillman Fortress | |
|---|---|
| Part ofAtlantic Wall | |
| Normandy,France | |
 Reconstitution on the Hillman site | |
 Map of the location of the Hillman bunker complex in Normandy | |
| Site information | |
| Type | Command post |
| Owner | France |
| Controlled by | Germany 1944, France 1944–present |
| Open to the public | Yes |
| Condition | Several casemates and trench system |
| Location | |
 | |
| Coordinates | 49°15′55″N0°18′37″W / 49.26528°N 0.31028°W /49.26528; -0.31028 |
| Site history | |
| Built | World War II |
| Built by | Organisation Todt |
| In use | 1943-1944 |
| Materials | Concrete, steel, barbed wire |
| Battles/wars | Normandy landings |
| Garrison information | |
| Past commanders | Colonel Ludwig Krug |
| Garrison | Wehrmacht |
| Occupants | 736 Infantry Regiment |
TheHillman Fortress (French:Site fortifié Hillman,German:Widerstandsnest 17) was a German bunker complex and command post built during theSecond World War and located nearColleville-Montgomery inNormandy,France. The bunker complex, designated as Hill 61 and codenamedHillman by the British, was attacked on 6 June 1944 by theSuffolk Regiment and the fortress finally surrendered the following morning.[1] The delay in taking the bunker complex has been cited as a reason for the Allies not completing their major D-Day objective of takingCaen.[1]
The bunkers are now open as a museum and run by local volunteers.
In 1942, towards the southern part of Colleville-Sur-Orne (renamed Colleville-Montgomery after the war), theOrganisation Todt built a 24-hectare bunker complex consisting of 18 bunkers including two H608 command post bunkers (with armoured observation cupolas) and a H605 bunker for artillery guns. It was designated at Widerstandsnest 17 (resistance nest (strongpoint) WN17) by the Germans and served as headquarters of the 736th Grenadier Regiment. The complex was situated on high ground behindOuistreham on the Périers Ridge, overlooking what was to become the D-Day landing beachSword. As Hillman had no artillery it controlled the firing of the artillery at Widerstandsnest 16 (WN16), codenamedMorris by the Allies.[1] The bunker complex was codenamed Hillman (other nearby bunkers were named Morris, Daimler and Humber after various makes of British car) by the British during theNormandy landings in June 1944.
Hillman was the regimental headquarters and command post for the coastal defence in the area and commanded by Colonel Ludwig Krug. The bunkers housed approximately 150 officers and men of 736 Grenadier Regiment (part of the716th Static Infantry Division). A number of observation bunkers featured armoured cupolas with a thickness of approximately 20 in (51 cm) to 30 in (76 cm). The bunkers were well equipped, with mechanical ventilation systems, medical facilities, ammunition and food storage.
Between bunkers ran a network of trenches linking the different underground positions, consisting of the headquarters, signal centre, radio room, mess rooms and bathrooms. Every position was connected with each other through a network of telephone lines buried 2 m (6.6 ft) or 3 m (9.8 ft) underground. The entire complex was also surrounded by Tobruk pits (for machine guns), barbed wire and mine fields.
Built at 61 m (200 ft) above sea level, the complex offered direct views of the landing beaches, as well as the mouth of theOrne river. The field of fire or killing zone extended for approximately 600 m (2,000 ft).
On D-Day, 6 June 1944, the bunker were assaulted by the 1st Battalion,Suffolk Regiment, commanded byLieutenant ColonelRichard E. Goodwin, part of the8th Infantry Brigade of theBritish 3rd Infantry Division. The Suffolks had landed on Sword Beach at around 08:30 that morning and began heading inland to clear their objectives.
Supporting the Suffolks were tanks from A Squadron,Staffordshire Yeomanry and C Squadron of the13th/18th Royal Hussars, two batteries from 33rd Field Regiment, Royal Artillery and 76th Field Regiment, Royal Artillery,Royal Engineers of the 246th Field Company and a machine-gun platoon from 2nd Battalion,Middlesex Regiment.
The Hillman bunkers were initially reconnoitred by Captain Geff Ryley, commanding officer of A Company. Ryley passes on information for British artillery, mortar crews and tanks to shell the bunkers. Attacking at approximately 1305, Hillman was initially outflanked to the north, where the Royal Engineers cleared mines and barbed wire usingBangalore torpedoes. Suffolks A Company passed through this clearance, led by Lieutenant Mike Russell. The company advanced into the German trenches but faced heavy machine gun fire (Captain Ryley being killed) and retreated.
The well-designed and defended bunkers proved difficult to take and the Suffolks brought Shermans from 13/18 Hussars and a second assault over-ran the site. To silence the bunkersSherman Fireflies fired on the armoured cupolas but the rounds bounced off. The well-defended bunkers were proving an incredibly difficult task for the infantry, too. The combined armour and infantry succeeded in taking most of the complex by 2015 hours. The last remaining bunker surrendered on the early morning of 7 June[2] by which time the Suffolks had lost two officers and five men killed and 24 wounded.
Historians suggest that the strong resistance of Hillman contributed to preventing the 3rd Infantry Division taking Caen as planned by the evening of 6 June.
Following the war the bunkers gradually filled with earth and rubble, preserving them in good condition. In 1989, Madame Lénaud, a resident of Colleville-Montgomery and the owner of the land where one of the bunkers was built, donated it to the Suffolk Regiment to commemorate what happened during the war.[3] A memorial was created within the bunker, and inaugurated with the attendance of veterans of the Suffolk Regiment on 6 June 1989. Since 1990, the volunteers of the Association "Les Amis du Suffolk Regiment", and with the support of the local community, have preserved and continued to restore the Hillman Fortress, including Colonel Krug's command post.
49°15′55″N0°18′37″W / 49.26528°N 0.31028°W /49.26528; -0.31028
