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TheHighlands and Islands is an area ofScotland broadly covering theScottish Highlands, plusOrkney,Shetland, and theOuter Hebrides (Western Isles).
The Highlands and Islands are sometimes defined as the area to which theCrofters' Act of 1886 applied. This area consisted of eightcounties of Scotland:
Highlands and Islands Enterprise (HIE) uses a broader definition also used atEurostat'sNUTS level 2, and there has been aHighlands and Islands electoral region of the Scottish Parliament since 1999.[1]
InHighlands and Islands Fire and Rescue Service the name refers to thelocal government areas (council areas) ofHighland,Orkney,Shetland and theWestern Isles.Northern, as inNorthern Constabulary, is also used to refer to this area.[2]
As of early 2021,Police Scotland operated six Command Areas in Highlands and Islands: North Highland, Inverness, South Highland, Orkney Islands, Shetland Island and Western Isles. Each had a Local Area Commander and a Chief Inspector. The police service works in partnership with Highland Council, Shetland, Orkney and Western Isles Councils.[3]
TheHITRANS (Highlands and Islands Partnership for Transport), established in 2006, covers most of the council areas ofArgyll and Bute,Highland,Moray,Orkney and theWestern Isles. Shetland is covered by the separateZetTrans.[4] Helensburgh and Lomond is covered byStrathclyde Partnership for Transport.[5]
A 2018 estimate stated that population was 469,365, an increase of 0.5% from 2011. A higher than average percentage were self-employed compared to Scotland (11.0% compared to8.7%). The unemployment rate was lower than in Scotland in general, 2.3% vs. 3.2%, and the employment rate was higher at 78.6% vs. 74.7%.[6]
The restrictions required by the worldwide pandemic increased unemployment in the Highlands and Islands in summer 2020 to 5.7%; that was significantly higher than the 2.4 per cent in 2019. The rates were said to be highest in "Lochaber, Skye and Wester Ross and Argyll and the Islands".[7][8] A December 2020 report stated that between March (just before the effects of pandemic were noted) and December, the unemployment rate increased by "more than 97%" and suggested that the outlook was even worse for spring 2021.[9]
Highlands and Islands is an electoral region of the Scottish Parliament. In the2007 election, this region was the last to declare its regional votes, which were the decisive results in determining that theScottish National Party overtookScottish Labour to obtain the largest representation in theScottish Parliament by one seat.[10]
As of 2024, the MPs representing the Highlands and Islands areas areAlistair Carmichael (Orkney and Shetland),Angus Macdonald (Inverness, Skye, and West Ross-shire), andJamie Stone (Caithness, Sutherland, and Easter Ross) all of whom areScottish Liberal Democrats. In addition,Torcuil Crichton is the Labour MP forNa h-Eileanan an Iar;Graham Leadbitter the SNP MP forMoray West, Nairn, and Strathspey; andBrendan O'Hara the SNP MP forArgyll and Bute.[11]