High technology (high tech orhigh-tech), also known asadvanced technology (advanced tech) orexotechnology,[1][failed verification] istechnology that is at thecutting edge: the highest form of technology available.[2] It can be defined as either the most complex or the newest technology on the market.[3] The opposite of high tech islow technology, referring to simple, oftentraditional or mechanical technology; for example, aslide rule is a low-tech calculating device.[4][5][6] When high tech becomes old, it becomes low tech, for examplevacuum tube electronics. Further, high tech is related to the concept of mid-tech, that is a balance between the two opposite extreme qualities of low-tech and high tech. Mid-tech could be understood as an inclusive middle that combines the efficiency and versatility of digital/automated technology with low-tech's potential for autonomy and resilience.[7]
Startups working on high technologies (or developing new high technologies) are sometimes referred to asdeep tech; the term may also refer todisruptive innovations or those based on scientific discoveries.[8]
High tech, as opposed tohigh-touch, may refer to self-service experiences that do not require human interaction.[9]
The phrase was used in a 1958The New York Times story advocating "atomic energy" for Europe: "... Western Europe, with its dense population and its high technology ...."[10] Robert Metz used the term in a financial column in 1969, saying Arthur H. Collins ofCollins Radio "controls a score of high technology patents in a variety of fields"[11] and in a 1971 article used the abbreviated form, "high tech".[12]
A widely used classification of high-technological industries was provided by theOECD in 2006.[13] It is based on the intensity of research and development activities used in these industries within OECD countries, resulting in four distinct categories.[14]
In the 21st century, the high tech industry is a significant part of several advanced economies. TheIsraeli economy has the highest ratio in the world, with the high tech sector accounting for 20% of the economy. High tech makes up 9.3% of theAmerican economy according toStatista[15] andCTech.[16]
Multiple cities and hubs have been described as globalstartup ecosystems. GSER publishes a yearly ranking of global startup ecosystems.[17][18] The study does yearly reports ranking the top 40 global startup hubs.[19]
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The following is a list of the 15 largest exporting countries of high tech products by value in millions ofUnited States dollars, according to theUnited Nations.[20]
^"Atomic Power for Europe",The New York Times, February 4, 1958, p. 17.
^Metz, Robert (1969). "Market Place: Collins Versus The Middle Man",The New York Times, April 24, 1969, p. 64.
^Metz, Robert (1971). "Market Place: So What Made E.D.S. Plunge?",The New York Times, November 11, 1971, p. 72.
^Hatzichronoglou, Thomas: "Revision of the High-Technology Sector and Product Classification", OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers, No. 1997/02, OECD Publishing, Paris.
^High Tech Trademarks by John Mendenhall, Art Direction Book Co; First Edition (January 1, 1985)ISBN0881080241
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