 Dust-jacket illustration of the first UK edition | |
| Author | Agatha Christie |
|---|---|
| Cover artist | William Randall |
| Language | English |
| Series | Hercule Poirot |
| Genre | Crime novel |
| Publisher | Collins Crime Club |
Publication date | 31 October 1955 |
| Publication place | United Kingdom |
| Media type | Print (hardback & paperback) |
| Pages | 192 (first edition, hardback) |
| Preceded by | After the Funeral |
| Followed by | Dead Man's Folly |
Hickory Dickory Dock is a work ofdetective fiction byAgatha Christie and first published in the UK by theCollins Crime Club on 31 October 1955[1] and in the US byDodd, Mead and Company in November of the same year under the title ofHickory Dickory Death.[2][3] The UK edition retailed at tenshillings andsixpence (10/6)[1] and the US edition at $3.00.[3] It features her Belgian detectiveHercule Poirot. The novel is notable for featuring Poirot's efficient secretary, MissFelicity Lemon, who had previously appeared only in the Poirot short stories.
This novel is set at a studenthostel on Hickory Road, where Miss Lemon's sister Mrs Hubbard is the warden. Poirot attempts to discover the reason for a sudden spate of petty thefts and vandalism, as he suspects there is a darker aspect to the happenings at Hickory Road; these suspicions are confirmed when three people are murdered.
An outbreak of apparentkleptomania at Mrs Nicoletis' student hostel arouses Hercule Poirot's interest when he sees the bizarre list of stolen or vandalized items; a shoe, astethoscope, a bracelet, a powder compact, a cookbook, some lightbulbs, some old flannel trousers, a box of chocolates, a rucksack, a silk scarf, someboracic powder, some green ink, and a diamond ring (later found in a bowl of soup). He congratulates the warden, Mrs Hubbard, on a 'unique and beautiful problem'.
When Poirot meets with the students and threatens to call in the police, Celia Austin quickly admits she is the primary thief. She denies, however, the following: stealing Nigel Chapman's green ink and using it to deface Elizabeth Johnston's study notes; taking Len Bateson's stethoscope, Chandra Lal's boracic powder, and the hallway light bulbs; and cutting up and concealing Len's rucksack. She committed the lesser crimes to attract the attention of Colin McNabb, a psychology student. This ploy succeeds - McNabb proposes marriage to Celia, who makes restitution for her crimes and hints that she knows who committed the others. Celia is discovered dead the following morning from an overdose ofmorphine tartrate; though the scene is staged as a suicide, investigators quickly rule it a homicide.
Inspector Sharpe interviews the inhabitants of the hostel. Nigel Chapman admits that he acquired the morphine tartrate as part of a bet to steal three deadly poisons without being caught (the other two beingdigitalin andhyoscine hydrobromide); he is also the one who stole Len's stethoscope, to disguise himself as a doctor and gain access to a hospitaldispensary. He claims all the poisons were either burned or flushed down the toilet, but it is just possible someone managed to extract some morphine before this was done. Poirot turns his attention to the reappearance of the diamond ring, and confronts Valerie Hobhouse, in whose soup the ring was found. Valerie admits that she is the one who suggested the scheme of the thefts to Celia; however, Celia was only supposed to steal or destroy worthless items. Realizing Celia had accidentally stolen something valuable, Valerie took the ring from Celia, secretly swapped the diamond for azircon to pay off some gambling debts, and staged the return of the ring.
Mrs Nicoletis begins behaving very nervously, and someone poisons herbrandy to keep her quiet. Poirot focuses his attention now on the cutting up of the rucksack. By careful study of the rucksack's design, he identifies an unusual corrugated base, and suggests to the police that the rucksack is part of an international smuggling operation. The rucksacks were sold to innocent students, and then used to transport drugs and gems. Mrs Nicoletis had been bankrolling the organisation, but was not the brain behind it.
Patricia Lane comes to Nigel and admits that she took the morphine from the bottle in his drawer, and substitutedbicarbonate of soda for it. Now the bicarbonate bottle with the morphine has been stolen from her own room. She also mentions that she intends to write to Nigel's dying father to reconcile the two, but Nigel tries to dissuade her, claiming that he has legally changed his last name and estranged himself from his father because his father secretly poisoned his mother withMedinal. Nigel goes to Inspector Sharpe and tells him about the missing morphine, but while he is there, Patricia telephones to say that she has discovered something further. When Sharpe and Nigel return to the hostel, they find Patricia has been bludgeoned to death.
West African student Akibombo reveals that he had taken Patricia's bicarbonate bottle to ease a stomach complaint; when he took a teaspoonful of the contents, however, he became very ill and later discovered that the white powder was in fact boracic powder. Therefore, by the time Patricia had substituted the bicarbonate, the morphine had already been substituted for Chandra Lal's stolen boracic powder. Poirot begins to suspect Valerie Hobhouse's real reason for convincing Celia to steal things is that she is in on the smuggling, and wished the destruction of the rucksack to be thought one of a series of unimportant crimes. A police raid on a dress shop that Valerie works for proves Poirot is right.
Poirot reveals that Nigel Chapman is the murderer, and the brains behind the smuggling operation. Celia Austen had happened to see him destroying the incriminating rucksack, and also, like Patricia, knew his real identity. Chapman killed Mrs Nicoletis when she showed signs of cowardice, and killed Patricia to keep her from contacting his father, Sir Arthur Stanley. Sir Arthur had discovered, several years prior, that Nigel was the one who poisoned his mother with Medinal, as she had threatened to prosecute him for forging cheques in her name. Sir Arthur agreed not to prosecute Nigel, and to let his mother's death be thought an accident, provided Nigel change his name and start a new life. He forced Nigel to write a full confession; if Nigel was ever found to be involved in anything else criminal, the confession would be sent to the police, and Nigel would be arrested for his mother's murder. As Sir Arthur Stanley has recently died, Poirot gets the incriminating confession from Sir Arthur's solicitor, and Nigel is arrested. Valerie Hobhouse, revealed to be Mrs Nicoletis' daughter, admits she was forced to impersonate Patricia on the telephone to give Nigel an alibi; now that she is certain he is responsible for her mother's death, she is more than happy to incriminate him.
The title is taken, as are other of Christie's titles, from anursery rhyme:Hickory Dickory Dock. This is nevertheless one of her most tenuous links to the original nursery rhyme, consisting of little more than the name of a road and an allusion being "in the dock," i.e. on trial. (“‘Hickory, dickory, dock,’ said Nigel, ‘the mouse ran up the clock. The police said, “Boo,” I wonder who, will eventually stand in the Dock?’”).
Philip John Stead's review in theTimes Literary Supplement of 23 December 1955 began: "Poirot's return to the happy hunting grounds of detective fiction is something of an event. He is called upon to solve the mystery of a series of apparently trivial thefts at a student's hostel but soon finds himself partnering the police in investigating murder. Mrs Christie rapidly establishes her favourite atmosphere by her skilful mixture of cheerfulness and suspense." After summarising the plot he concluded, "The amount of mischief going on in the hostel imposes some strain on the reader's patience as well as on Poirot's ingenuity; the author has been a little too liberal with the red herrings. Yet the thumb-nail sketches of the characters are as good as ever and in spite of the over-elaborate nature of the puzzle there is plenty of entertainment."[5]
Robert Barnard: "A significant falling-off in standards in this mid-'fifties story. A highly perfunctory going-through-the-paces: the rhyme has no meaning within the story; the plot (drugs smuggled in imported haversacks) is unlikely in the extreme; and the attempt to widen the range of character types (Africans, Indians, students of Freud etc.) is far from successful.Evelyn Waugh's diary records that it 'began well' but deteriorated 'a third of the way through into twaddle' – a judgment which, unusually for him, erred on the side of charity."[6]
 | This sectioncontains alist of miscellaneous information. Please helpimprove it byrelocating relevant information into other sections or articles.(April 2024) |
When the students are attempting to place Hercule Poirot, during Chapter 4, one of them mentions the case retold inMrs McGinty's Dead (1952). When Poirot comes to lecture to the students about his cases in the same chapter, he retells the story ofThe Nemean Lion, published in book form inThe Labours of Hercules (1947). In chapter 5 Poirot also remembers Count Vera Rossakoff's "exotic splendour...even in decay", something that he has only observed inThe Capture of Cerberus, also fromThe Labours of Hercules. In Chapter 21, Poirot visits a solicitor by the name of Mr Endicott to confirm his suspicions of Nigel Chapman. Endicott says to Poirot, "...I'm deeply in your debt. You cleared up that nasty Abernethy business for me." This may be a reference to the events inAfter the Funeral (1953), though Abernethie is mistakenly spelt "Abernethy" and not "Abernethie" as it is inAfter the Funeral. Furthermore, the catalyst to Poirot's direct involvement to the events inAfter the Funeral is a solicitor named Entwhistle, not Endicott.
In Chapter 11, Elizabeth Johnston refers to anti-Communist “witch hunts” in America. The term was first used in its metaphorical sense in 1938, but its specific connection withMcCarthyism dates from the first performance ofArthur Miller's play,The Crucible, in 1953. This implies that the setting of the novel is at most two years before its publication.
A television adaptation, starringDavid Suchet as Poirot;Philip Jackson as Inspector Japp;Pauline Moran as Miss Lemon;Damian Lewis as Leonard Bateson;Sarah Badel as Mrs Hubbard;Elinor Morriston as Valerie Hobhouse andJonathan Firth as Nigel Chapman, was broadcast in 1995 in the seriesAgatha Christie's Poirot. In common with the rest of the series, the setting is moved back in time from the post-World War II period of Christie's original novel to the 1930s. This results in an anachronism: the American student Sally Finch is said to be on a Fulbright scholarship, though theFulbright Program was not founded until after the Second World War.
This adaptation differed from Christie's novel in that Sharpe is replaced with the recurring character of Inspector Japp, and a number of the students from the novel are left out, most notably Akibombo, Elizabeth Johnston, and Lal, who are students but neither English nor American. Other aspects omitted from the TV adaptation include thered herring of the green ink, the change of the motive for the murder of Celia, the theft of the poison being the only thing taken and the person who takes it (McNabb) and the smuggling involving only diamonds, the inclusion of a Custom and Excise Officer conducting an undercover operation, and the relationship between Valerie and Mrs Nicoletis.[citation needed]
The novel was also adapted as a 2015 episode of the French television seriesLes Petits Meurtres d'Agatha Christie.
In the UK the novel was first serialised in the weekly magazineJohn Bull in six abridged instalments from 28 May (Volume 97, Number 2552) to 2 July 1955 (Volume 98, Number 2557) with illustrations by "Fancett".[7]
The novel was first serialised in the US inCollier's Weekly in three abridged instalments from 14 October (Volume 136, Number 8) to 11 November 1955 (Volume 136, Number 10) under the titleHickory Dickory Death with illustrations by Robert Fawcett.
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