Van Rompuy, a politician from Belgium'sChristian Democratic and Flemish party, served as the49th prime minister of Belgium from 30 December 2008 until 25 November 2009, when he was succeeded by his predecessor,Yves Leterme. On 19 November 2009,[2] the European Council, which consists of theheads of state orgovernment of theEU member states, selected Van Rompuy as its first full-time President under theTreaty of Lisbon.[3] His term officially began on 1 January 2010 and was set to run until 31 May 2012[4][5][6] On 1 March 2012, he was re-elected for a second and final term, serving from 1 June 2012 to 30 November 2014.[7] In 2019, he was appointed chairman of the board of theCollege of Europe.[8]
Born inEtterbeek,Brussels, Herman Achille Van Rompuy was the son of Victor Lodewijk Maurits "Vic" van Rompuy (Begijnendijk, 27 February 1923 – Begijnendijk, 14 November 2004), a laterProfessor ofEconomics,[9] and wife Germaine Geens (Begijnendijk, 1 December 1921 – Begijnendijk, 23 November 2004),[10] he attended Sint-Jan Berchmanscollege in Brussels until 1965, whereAncient Greek andLatin were his main subjects. During his early teens, he was an avidrock and roll fan, particularly of American singerElvis Presley.
Van Rompuy is married to Geertrui Windels, with whom he has four children: Peter (born 1980), Laura (born 1981), Elke (born 1983), and Thomas (born 1986). His eldest son, Peter, is involved in theChristian Democratic and Flemish (CD&V) party and was a candidate in the2009 Belgian regional elections.[13][14]
His younger brother,Eric Van Rompuy, is also a politician in the CD&V and served as a minister in theFlemish Government from 1995 to 1999.[15] His sister, Tine Van Rompuy, is affiliated with theWorkers' Party of Belgium. His another sister, Anita Van Rompuy, is not politically active and is married to Arne van der Graesen.[10]
Van Rompuy was the chairman of the nationalChristian People's Party's (CVP) youth council (1973–1977). From 1975 to 1980, he worked in the ministerial cabinets ofLeo Tindemans andGaston Geens. In 1978 he was elected a member of the national CVP's bureau (1978–present). He first was elected to theBelgian Senate in 1988, and served until 1995. In 1988 he briefly served as Secretary of State for Finance and Small and Medium Enterprises before becoming the national chairman of the CVP (1988–1993).[16]
Van Rompuy was Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Budget from September 1993 to July 1999, in the two governments led byJean-Luc Dehaene. As budget minister, together with finance ministerPhilippe Maystadt, he helped drive down Belgium's debt from a peak of 135% of gross domestic product (GDP) in 1993. It fell to below 100% of GDP in 2003.[12]
Member of the Belgian Chamber of Representatives (1995–2009)
Before he was president, Van Rompuy expressed reticence about possible Turkish membership of the EU. In 2004, he stated "An enlargement [of the EU] with Turkey is not in any way comparable with previous enlargement waves. Turkey is not Europe and will never be Europe." He continued "But it's a matter of fact that the universal values which are in force in Europe, and which are also the fundamental values of Christianity, will lose vigour with the entry of a large Islamic country such as Turkey."[17]
As President, Van Rompuy has avoided opposing Turkish membership of the EU. On 23 December 2010, he said "Turkish reform efforts have delivered impressive results." He continued "Turkey plays an ever more active role in its neighbourhood. Turkey is also a full-standing member of the G-20, just like five EU countries and the EU itself. In my view, even before an outcome of the negotiations, the European Union should develop a close partnership with the Turkish Republic."[18]
President of the Belgian Chamber of Representatives (2007–2008)
On 28 December 2008, following the2007–2008 Belgian political crisis, Van Rompuy was asked byKing Albert II to form a new government[20] after he was reluctant to take up the role of Prime Minister.[21] He was sworn in as Belgian prime minister on 30 December 2008.
"We are in the early stages of a recovery and at this time it is important not to weaken burgeoning confidence and to lay the foundations of a sustainable recovery" Van Rompuy said in a speech to parliament in Brussels. "Most important is to keep the direction. That will also provide stability and support."[23]
On 13 October, Bloomberg reported the following aboutVan Rompuy's Government Debt Policy: "Belgium will trim its budget deficit to 5.3% of gross domestic product in 2011 from almost 5.7% both this year and next, according to a slide presentation handed out by State Secretary for the BudgetMelchior Wathelet.Van Rompuy told Parliament earlier today that the deficit would widen to 5.4% of GDP this year. Belgium's deficit will be little changed next year as the shortfall at the level of regional governments and municipalities will widen to 1.5% of GDP from 0.7%, offsetting efforts by the federal government to trim its deficit. Government debt will start exceeding one year's worth of national output as of 2010[update], according to European Commission forecasts. Belgium had trimmed debt to as little as 84% of GDP in 2007, before bailouts of Fortis, Dexia SA, KBC Group NV and mutual insurer Ethias Group increased the nation's borrowing costs and inflated the debt ratio to 89.6% at the end of last year."[23]
On 22 October 2009,Reuters reported that theVan Rompuy government had signed a commitment with GDF Suez for nuclear power fees to Belgium. The outstanding dispute with GDF concerns the €250 million fee that Belgium is attempting to charge GDF for 2009 as part of its "Renewable Energy Fund" as stated in the article: "Belgium has also charged nuclear producers a total of 250 million euros for 2008, and the same for 2009, as well as 250 million euros this year payable to a renewable energy fund. These fees remain in dispute. The producers are challenging the 2008 payment in Belgium's constitutional court. A spokesman forVan Rompuy said the government would pass a law to enforce the 500 million euro charge for this year, adding that this could also be contested by GDF Suez."[24]
On 19 November 2009, Van Rompuy was chosen unanimously by the European Council, at an informal meeting in Brussels, to be the first full-timePresident of the European Council;[25] for the period of 1 December 2009 (the entry into force of theTreaty of Lisbon) until 31 May 2012. He took up his position officially on 1 January 2010.
Gordon Brown also praised Van Rompuy as "a consensus-builder" who had "brought a period of political stability to his country after months of uncertainty".[26] This opinion is shared by others; he has been described as the painstaking builder of impossible compromises (l'horloger des compromis impossibles)[27] A statement made by Van Rompuy at a news conference after his selection illustrates his approach:
Every country should emerge victorious from negotiations. A negotiation that ends with a defeated party is never a good negotiation. I will consider everyone's interests and sensitivities. Even if our unity remains our strength, our diversity remains our wealth." He has also described his role of chairing a body composed of 27 heads of state or government (and finding consensus among them) as being "neither a spectator, nor a dictator, but a facilitator
Given Van Rompuy's support for Europe and opposition to far right, not all parties and factions had positive words for him when he took office. British MEP and EuroscepticNigel Farage attacked the freshly appointed president by stating that he had "the charisma of a damp rag and the appearance of a low grade bank clerk."[28] The remarks generated controversy and he was fined €3000 (ten days' pay) by the President (Speaker) of the European Parliament for his unparliamentary comments.
In a November 2009 press conference, Van Rompuy related toglobal governance by stating: "2009 is also the first year of global governance with the establishment of the G20 in the middle of a financial crisis; the climate conference in Copenhagen is another step towards the global management of our planet."[29] Van Rompuy referred to theUnited Nations Climate Change Conference 2009.
World leaders host Hamid Karzai at the London Conference on Afghanistan, 28 January 2010
In or just before the first months of his presidency Van Rompuy visited all EU member states,[31][32] he also organised an informal meeting of the heads of state of the EU. The meeting took place on 11 February 2010, in theSolvay Library (Brussels), topics to be discussed were the future direction of the economic policies of the EU, the outcome of theCopenhagen Conference and the then recentearthquake in Haiti.[33]
In fact, the meeting was in part taken over by the growing sovereign debt crisis (at that time, Greece), which was to become the hall mark of Van Rompuy's first two years as president. With EU member states holding divergent positions on this issue, he had to find compromises, not least between France and Germany, at subsequent European Council meetings and summits of Eurozone heads of state or government leading to the establishment of the three-yearEuropean Financial Stability Mechanism (EFSM) and theEuropean Financial Stability Facility (EFSF) in May 2010, to provide loans to Greece (and later Ireland and Portugal) to help stabilise their borrowing costs, but subject to strict conditions.
Van Rompuy with U.S. PresidentBarack Obama and President of the European Commission José Manuel Barroso, November 2011
The European Council also gave him the assignment of chairing a task force on economic governance, composed of personal representatives (mostly ministers of finance) of the heads of government, which reported ahead of schedule to the October 2010 European Council. Its report, which proposed stronger macro-economic co-ordination within the EU in general and the Eurozone in particular and also a tightening of the Stability and Growth Pact was endorsed by the European Council. The latter also charged him with preparing, by December 2010, a proposal for a limited change to the Treaty required to enable a more permanent financial stability mechanism. His draft – for an addition to Article 136 TFEU, pertaining to the Eurozone – was endorsed by the European Council at its October 2010 meeting.
Van Rompuy with Russian PresidentDmitry Medvedev, December 2010
His second year in office, 2011, was also marked by a deterioration of the Greek debt crisis, leading to Van Rompuy calling an extraordinary meeting of the Eurozone heads of state or government in July to adopt a first package of further measures (notably longer-term loans at lower interest rates, private sector debt-writedown, further fiscal consolidation in Greece) and again in October (in conjunction with full European Council meetings) to contain contagion from Greece to other countries (through bank recapitalisation across Europe and by leveraging the firepower of the EFSF to about €1 trillion).
His first two years were also marked by his role in co-ordinating European positions on the world stage at G8 and G20 summits and bilateral summits, such as the tense 5 October 2010, EU-China summit. He called a special European Council at short notice in early 2011, on the emerging Libya crisis, which, in agreeing conditions for military intervention, made it impossible for Germany to oppose such intervention once the conditions were fulfilled.
On 1 March 2012, Van Rompuy was re-elected unanimously as President of the European Council by the heads of state or government of the 28 EU member states. President Van Rompuy's second term lasted for two and a half years, from 1 June 2012 to 30 November 2014. After this second mandate he could not have been re-elected because the European Council President's term of office can only be extended once.
Van Rompuy was also appointed as the first President of the Euro Summit, and this for the same term of office as his Presidency of the European Council. The Euro Summit meetings are to take place at least twice a year.
Although the European Council is, under the terms of the Lisbon treaty, a separate institution of the EU, it does not have its own administration. The administrative support for both the European Council and its president is provided by theGeneral Secretariat of the Council of the European Union.
The president does have, however, his own private office (cabinet) of close advisers. Van Rompuy chose as his chief of staff (chef de cabinet) BaronFrans van Daele, formerly Belgian ambassador to, variously, the US, the UN, the EU and NATO and chief of staff of several Belgian foreign ministers. Also in his team were the former (and later) UK Labour MEPRichard Corbett, former Hungarian Ambassador to NATO Zoltan Martinusz, former head of the EU's economic & financial committeeOdile Renaud-Basso, Dutch philosopher and journalistLuuk van Middelaar, his main speech writer, and Van Rompuy's long standing press officer Dirk De Backer.[36]
In 2013, Frans Van Daele retired both as a diplomat and as chief of Staff of Van Rompuy, and was appointed chief of staff toHis MajestyKing Philippe.[37] He was succeeded as chief of staff of Herman Van Rompuy by Didier Seeuws.
When the EPP membership of Hungarian partyFidesz was suspended in 2019, EPP presidentJoseph Daul appointed van Rompuy – alongsideHans-Gert Pöttering andWolfgang Schüssel – to a group of high-level experts who were mandated to monitor Fidesz's compliance with EPP values.[38][39]
Belgium: Honorary senator E Meritu et Honoris Causa of the Movement for a United States of Europe – Action Centre for European federalism (AEF – BVSE), Antwerp (5 February 2012)[50]
Netherlands: Otto von der Gablentz Prize (18 April 2012)[50]
Austria: European Prize Coudenhove-Kalergi (16 November 2012)[50]
Belgium: Michele de Gianni Award (4 October 2013)[50]
Poland: Golden Business Centre Club Statuette Award, awarded at the Grand Gala of Polish Business Leaders, Warsaw (25 January 2014)[50]
Germany: ESMT Responsible Leadership Award, awarded by the European School of Management and Technology, Berlin, (3 July 2014)[50]
^Jean-Jacques Mevel,Van Rompuy, l'horloger des compromis impossibles, in the daily newspaper, Le Figaro, 19 November 2009"online article (fr)". 19 November 2009. Retrieved21 November 2009.
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