| Hs 130 | |
|---|---|
 Henschel Hs 130E prototype withHZ-Anlage fitted | |
| General information | |
| Type | Highaltitude research/reconnaissance aircraft |
| National origin | Nazi Germany |
| Manufacturer | Henschel |
| Status | Prototypes only |
| Primary user | Luftwaffe |
| History | |
| First flight | 11 April 1939 |
TheHenschel Hs 130 was a German high-altitudereconnaissance andbomber aircraft developed inWorld War II. It suffered from various mechanical faults and was never used operationally, only existing as prototype airframes.
Development of the Hs 130 began with twoHs 128 prototypes, which first flew on 11 April 1939, with the second prototype flying on 20 February 1940.[1] Both prototypes were research aircraft, used for testingpressurized cabins,enginesuperchargers, andcantilever wings. Different engines powered the two prototypes; the V1 byDaimler-Benz DB 601s and the V2 byJunkers Jumo 210s. Both had fixedlanding gear.[2]
While trials of the two prototypes were not successful, the potential of a high altitude aircraft caught the attention ofTheodor Rowehl, commander of theLuftwaffe's special reconnaissance unit. Rowehl's interest in the Hs 128's potential for high-altitude reconnaissance missions ledReich Air Ministry to instruct Henschel to continue development of the Hs 128 as a reconnaissance aircraft under the designationHs 130A.[3]
Three prototype aircraft Hs 130 As were built,[3] the first flying on 23 May 1940.[1] Five pre-productionHs 130A-0's followed, being delivered in early 1941, and featuredDB 601R engines – each with a single-stage supercharger, retractable landing gear, and a bay in the rear to house two Rb75/30 cameras for reconnaissance. The five Hs 130A-0s subsequently underwent trials and testing, which revealed significant problems with the aircraft performance, and reliability problems which prevented operational use.[4]
Two further modified Hs 130A-0s was produced under the designationHs 130A-0/U6 and featured a greater wingspan,DB 605B engines,Hirth superchargers,GM-1nitrous oxide power boosting, and under-wing drop tanks, and being ready for flight testing in November 1943,[4] demonstrating an absolute ceiling of 15,500 m (50,570 ft).[3] The Hs 130A-0/U6 variant as well as the other Hs 130A-0s proved unsatisfactory and were never flown operationally.[citation needed]
Further development of the Hs 130 led to bomber variants. The plannedHs 130B was almost the same as the Hs 130A, but with a bomb bay in place of the camera bay, but was never built. TheHs 130C was built as a competitor for the "Bomber B" project, and was very different from the Hs 130A, featuring a shorter wing span, remotely controlled defensive armament, a more extensively glazed (but still pressurized) cabin and up to 4,000 kg (8,800 lb) of bombs. Three prototypes, V1, V2, and V3 were built, with V1 and V2 were powered byBMW 801 radials, and V3, featuring full armament, was powered with a pair of Germany's largest displacement — at some 44.5 litres apiece — inline inverted V-12s, theDaimler-Benz DB 603A engine.[5] The three prototypes were flown in 1942-43 to compete with theDornier Do 317,Focke-WulfFw 191 andJunkersJu 288 bombers, but production plans were abandoned.[6] Further development of the Hs 130 as a reconnaissance aircraft continued with theHs 130D, which was planned to have DB 605 engines and a complex two-stage supercharger, but was again unbuilt.[7]
TheHs 130E was a re-working of the Hs 130A with theHöhen Zentrale (HZ)-Anlage system in place of conventional superchargers. HZ-Anlage installed a third engine in the fuselage, aDB 605T, the only purpose of which was to power a large supercharger to supply air to the wing-mounted DB 603B engines.[3] Such a system had first been tried some twenty-five years previously, on the R.30/16 example of theZeppelin-Staaken R.VI bomber, with the Brown-Boveri supercharger in it powered by aMercedes D.II engine. Another difference from the Hs 130A was the nose, which was extended forward to offset the weight of the HZ-Anlage engine in the fuselage. Also underwing fuel tanks could be fitted to provide fuel for three engines, and air scoops were fitted under the fuselage to supply the fuselage engine.[2]
Three prototype Hs 130Es were built; Hs 130E V1 first flew in September 1942, and could reach 12,500 m (41,010 ft) when HZ-Anlage was employed. Hs 130E V2, first flown in November 1942, was lost on its seventh flight due to an engine fire; V3 was built to replace it.[8] An order for seven pre-productionHs 130E-0s followed, first flying in May 1943,[3] together with a production order was placed for 100Hs 130E-1s which were to have a remotely controlled defensive armament and provisions for underwing bombs. The order was cancelled due to continuing problems suffered by the Hs 130E-0's HZ-Anlange system.[9] AnHs 130F was planned, which was hoped to solve the problems with HZ-Anlage, by using four supercharged BMW 801 engines, but was never built.[9]
Data fromWar Planes of the Second World War: Volume Ten[9]
General characteristics
Performance
Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era
Related lists
