Henry Wallace Clark | |
|---|---|
 Henry W. Clark, 1959 | |
| Born | (1880-07-27)July 27, 1880 |
| Died | April 7, 1948(1948-04-07) (aged 67) |
| Occupation | President |
| Employer | Wallace Clark & Co. |
Henry Wallace Clark (July 27, 1880 – April 7, 1948) was an Americanconsulting engineer, known for popularizing the work ofHenry Gantt with his 1922 work "The Gantt chart; a working tool of management".[1][2]
In 1934 he was awarded theHenry Laurence Gantt Medal by theASME.[3] A year after his death theWallace Clark Award was initiated, an award for distinguished contribution toscientific management in the international field.
Born inCincinnati, Ohio to William Allen Clark and Mary Ann Clark (born Rankin), Clark attended the local schools, and graduated in 1902 from theUniversity of Cincinnati.[4]
After graduation Clark started his career as assistant manager at the Machine Tool Co. of Cincinnati, and spend one year in the Orient.[4] From 1910 to 1917 he was employed by theRemington Typewriter Company, where he was private secretary to the President.[5] and ended up as office manager. Here Clark metHenry Gantt, who had reorganized the Remington Typewriter factory atIlion, New York in 1910.[6] From 1919 to 1920 Clark was staff engineer at the H.L. Gantt Company.[7]
In 1920 Clark founded his own management consulting company Wallace Clark & Co. in New York, specialized in international management. It grew with offices in London, Berlin Prague, Warsaw, Geneva and Athens.[8] Among his employees wasWalter Polakov, who had launching his own consulting company in 1915, andPaul Eugene Holden in the year 1930-31.[9] Another employee was the Frenchman Serge Heranger,[10] who wrote the article "Applying the Gantt Chart in France."[11]
In the 1949 theAmerican Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) and three other societies initiated the annualWallace Clark Award for distinguished contribution to scientific management in the international field.
Clark was "disciple of Henry Gantt", and worked in the tradition ofFrederick Taylor and theScientific management.[12]
The scientific management movement had originated with Frederick W. Taylor’s 1911 bookScientific Management, in which Taylor argued for the application of physical engineering principles to the organization of manufacturing companies. Clark became one the movement’s more prolific exponents.[13][14]
Clark wrote several books over the course of his career, includingThe Gantt Chart: A Working Tool of Management (1922),Shop Office and Forms: Their Design and Use (1925), andThe Foreman and His Job (1926).[14]
In the 1920s Woodward & Tiernan sought to build the most advanced printing plant possible and selected the finest talent to plan and design it. The firm first enlisted Wallace Clark (1880-1948; born Henry Wallace Clark, but publicly listed as Wallace Clark), one of the nation’s foremost industrial engineers, to work with its executives in planning the factory’s interior.[14]
Clark’s recommendations produced a rational factory in which production flowed east to west and from the top down. Such attention to the relationship between building form and the material production inside is a fundamental component of daylight factory design.[14]
In 1926 Clark was selected by Princeton ProfessorEdwin W. Kemmerer to study and advise Poland’s government on its industrial practices and was named a Commander of the Cross of Poland Restored for his efforts.[14]
In 1933 he led a commission charged with studying and reorganizing government monopolies in Turkey, and later served as the American representative on industrial engineering to the International Labor Office in Switzerland.[14]
In a 2015 article,Daniel A. Wren, traced the implementation of the Gantt chart in Europe, and especially in Britain. He found, that:
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