Henry Bilson-Legge | |
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 Henry Bilson-Legge dressed in the robes of state for the Chancellor of the Exchequer. Portrait byWilliam Hoare | |
| Chancellor of the Exchequer | |
| In office 6 April 1754 – 25 November 1755 | |
| Monarch | George II |
| Prime Minister | The Duke of Newcastle |
| Preceded by | Sir William Lee |
| Succeeded by | Sir George Lyttelton, Bt |
| In office 16 November 1756 – 13 April 1757 | |
| Monarch | George II |
| Prime Minister | The Duke of Devonshire |
| Preceded by | Sir George Lyttelton, Bt |
| Succeeded by | The Lord Mansfield |
| In office 2 July 1757 – 19 March 1761 | |
| Monarchs | |
| Prime Minister | The Duke of Newcastle |
| Preceded by | The Lord Mansfield |
| Succeeded by | The Viscount Barrington |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1708-05-29)29 May 1708 |
| Died | 23 August 1764(1764-08-23) (aged 56) |
| Nationality | British |
| Party | Whig |
| Spouse | Mary, Lady Stawell (later Countess of Hillsborough) |
| Alma mater | Christ Church, Oxford |
Henry Bilson-LeggePC FRS (29 May 1708 – 23 August 1764) was a British politician. He notably served three times asChancellor of the Exchequer in the 1750s and 1760s.
Bilson-Legge was the fourth son ofWilliam Legge, 1st Earl of Dartmouth, by his wife Lady Anne, daughter ofHeneage Finch, 1st Earl of Aylesford. He was educated atChrist Church, Oxford.[1]
He became private secretary to SirRobert Walpole. In 1739 was appointedChief Secretary for Ireland by theLord Lieutenant,William Cavendish, 3rd Duke of Devonshire; being chosen Member of Parliament for the borough ofEast Looe in 1740, and forOrford, Suffolk, at the general election in the succeeding year.[1]
Legge only shared temporarily in the downfall of Walpole, and became in quick successionSurveyor-General of Woods and Forests, aLord of the Admiralty, and a Lord of the Treasury. In 1748 he was sent asenvoy extraordinary toFrederick the Great, and although his conduct in Berlin was sharply censured byGeorge II, he becameTreasurer of the Navy soon after his return to England. In April 1754 he joined the ministry of theduke of Newcastle aschancellor of the Exchequer, the king consenting to this appointment although refusing to hold any intercourse with the minister; but Legge shared theelder Pitt's dislike of the policy of paying subsidies to theLandgrave of Hesse, and was dismissed from office in November 1755.[1][2]
Twelve months later he returned to his post at the exchequer in the administration of Pitt and the4th Duke of Devonshire, retaining office until April 1757 when he shared both the dismissal and the ensuing popularity of Pitt. When, in conjunction with the Duke of Newcastle, Pitt returned to power in the following July, Legge became chancellor of the exchequer for the third time. He imposed new taxes upon houses and windows, and the king refused to make him a peer.[1][3]
In 1754 Legge took the additional name of Bilson on secondarily succeeding to the West Mapledurham estate in Buriton near Petersfield, Hampshire of his cousin, Leonard Bilson MP (1681-1715 - son of Susanna Legge, sister of Henry Legge's grandfather,George Legge, 1st Baron Dartmouth) upon the death of the original heir, Thomas Bettesworth, without issue.[4]
In 1759 he obtained the sinecure position of surveyor of the petty customs and subsidies in the port of London, and having in consequence to resign his seat in parliament he was chosen one of the members forHampshire, a proceeding which greatly incensed theEarl of Bute, who desired this seat for one of his friends. Having thus incurred Bute's displeasure Legge was again dismissed from the exchequer in March 1761, but he continued to take part in parliamentary debates until his death atTunbridge Wells in 1764.[5]
Pitt called Legge, the child, and deservedly the favourite child, of the Whigs.Horace Walpole said he was of a creeping, underhand nature, and aspired to the lion's place by the manoeuvre of the mole, but afterwards he spoke in high terms of his talents.[6]
He "was a person of great abilities, both as a statesman and financier, and went through most of the great offices of government with reputation and integrity, and quitted them to the great regret of the nation in general."[7]
Henry Bilson-Legge marriedMary Stawell, daughter and heiress ofEdward Stawell, 4th and last Baron Stawell (d. 1755). In 1760, Mary, who had been made1st Baroness Stawell of the second creation, bore Henry Bilson-Legge's only child,Henry (1757–1820), who became the 2nd Baron Stawell on his mother's death in 1780. When the 2nd Baron Stawell died without sons the title became extinct again. His only daughter, Mary (d. 1864), marriedJohn Dutton, 2nd Baron Sherborne.[6]
This article incorporates text from a publication now in thepublic domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Legge, Henry".Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 16 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 376–377.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link){{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)| Parliament of Great Britain | ||
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| Preceded by | Member of Parliament for East Looe 1740–1741 With:Charles Longueville | Succeeded by |
| Preceded by | Member of Parliament for Orford 1741–1759 With:Lord Glenorchy 1741–46 The Viscount Bateman 1746–47 Hon. John Waldegrave 1747–54 John Offley 1754–59 | Succeeded by |
| Preceded by | Member of Parliament for Hampshire 1759–1761 With:Alexander Thistlethwayte 1759–61 Simeon Stuart 1761–65 | Succeeded by |
| Diplomatic posts | ||
| Unknown | British Envoy to Prussia 1749–1749 | Succeeded by |
| Political offices | ||
| Preceded by | Chief Secretary for Ireland 1739–1741 | Succeeded by |
| Preceded by | Surveyor General of Woods and Forests 1742–1745 | Succeeded by |
| Preceded by | Treasurer of the Navy 1749–1754 | Succeeded by |
| Preceded by | Chancellor of the Exchequer 1754–1755 | Succeeded by |
| Preceded by | Chancellor of the Exchequer 1756–1757 | Succeeded by |
| Preceded by | Chancellor of the Exchequer 1757–1761 | Succeeded by |
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| People | |
| Other | |
