Henri Vaugeois | |
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| Born | (1864-04-25)25 April 1864 L'Aigle, Orne, France |
| Died | 11 April 1916(1916-04-11) (aged 51) Paris France |
| Nationality | French |
| Occupation | Teacher |
Henri Vaugeois (25 April 1864 – 11 April 1916) was a French teacher and journalist who was one of the founders of right-wing nationalistAction Française movement.
Vaugeois was born inL'Aigle, Orne, on 25 April 1864. He settled inCoulommiers, where he taughtphilosophy.[1] Initially arepublicanliberal,[1] Vaugeois even flirted withMarxism in his youth.[2] However he later came to side with theanti-Dreyfus camp.[1] In April 1898, at the height of theDreyfus affair, the circle of leftist intellectuals to which Vaugeois belonged became supporters ofAlfred Dreyfus. Vaugeois andMaurice Pujo left this group.[3]
Late in 1898 Vaugeois, Pujo and a few other nationalists who met at theCafé de Flore founded theComité d'action française (Committee of French Action).[4] Three of this group,Louis Dausset,Gabriel Syveton and Vaugeois, opposed to theLeague for the Rights of Man and Dreyfus, launched a petition that attackedÉmile Zola and what many saw as an internationalist, pacifist left-wing conspiracy.[5][6] In November 1898 their petition gained signatures in the Parisian schools, and was soon circulated throughout political, intellectual and artistic circles in Paris.[5] The decision to create the nationalist anti-DreyfusardLigue de la patrie française (League of the French Homeland) was made on 31 December 1898.[5] TheComité d'action française was merged into the League, which was led byJules Lemaître.[4]
The circle around Vaugeois quickly became disillusioned with the League, which lacked any clear doctrine. Vaugeois also disagreed with Lemaître's plan to participate in the next legislative elections. TheComité d'action française was recreated in April 1899, and the foundational conference of theAction Française movement was held on 20 June 1899 in Paris. In his keynote speech at this meeting Vaugeois declared that the movement stood for "anti-Semitic, anti-Masonic, anti-parliamentary and anti-democratic" nationalism.[7]Charles Maurras joined the Action Française shortly after.[8] Maurras thought the Bourbon monarchy should be restored, using violence if needed.[9] Maurras convinced Vaugeois to abandon his republican ideals in favour ofmonarchism.[10] Pujo wrote later, "Under the mortal blows of Charles Maurras, the republicanism of each of us succumbed one by one in this year, 1900, which was the year of thehegira for the Action Francaise."[11]
In 1899 Vaugeois lost his teaching post after joiningPaul Déroulède's half-hearted coup attempt.[1] Vaugeois was a weak politician and a poor speaker and as such did not gain much influence in the new movement, over and above directing the group's eponymous daily paper (which he and Pujo had initially founded).[12] Within the movement he became one of the strongest voices in support ofantisemitism.[13]
He died inParis on 11 April 1916, leaving a widow who was several years his junior.[14]
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