
Eugène Marie Henri Fouques Duparc (21 January 1848 – 12 February 1933) was a Frenchcomposer of the lateRomantic period.
Son of Charles Fouques-Duparc and Amélie de Guaita, Henri Fouques-Duparc was born inParis. He studied piano withCésar Franck at the Jesuit College in theVaugirard district and became one of his first composition pupils. Following military service in theFranco-Prussian War, he married Ellen MacSwiney, from Scotland, on 9 November 1871. In the same year, he joinedSaint-Saëns andRomain Bussine to found theSociété nationale de musique.
Duparc is best known for his 17mélodies ("art songs"), with texts by poets such asBaudelaire,Gautier,Leconte de Lisle andGoethe.
A mental illness, diagnosed at the time as "neurasthenia", caused him abruptly to cease composing at age 37, in 1885. He devoted himself to his family and his other passions, drawing and painting. But increasing vision loss after the turn of the century eventually led to total blindness. He destroyed most of his music, leaving fewer than 40 works to posterity. In a poignant letter about the destruction of his incomplete opera, dated 19 January 1922, to the composerJean Cras, his close friend, Duparc wrote:
Après avoir vécu 25 ans dans un splendide rêve, toute idée de représentation m'était – je vous le répète – devenue odieuse. L'autre motif de cette destruction, que je ne regrette pas, c'est la complète transformation morale que Dieu a opéré en moi il y a 20 ans et qui en une seule minute a abolie toute ma vie passée. Dès lors, la Roussalka n'ayant aucun rapport avec ma vie nouvelle ne devait plus exister.
(Having lived for 25 years in a splendid dream, the whole idea of performance has become – I repeat to you – repugnant. The other reason for this destruction, which I do not regret, was the complete moral transformation that God produced in me 20 years ago and which, in a single minute, obliterated all of my past life. Since then, [my opera]Roussalka, not having any connection with my new life, should no longer exist.)
He spent most of the rest of his life inLa Tour-de-Peilz, nearVevey,Switzerland, and died inMont-de-Marsan, in southwestern France, at age 85.
Duparc is buried atPère Lachaise Cemetery in Paris. A square in the17th arrondissement of Paris, near the rue de Levis, is named in his honor.
| Year | Composition | Notes | Type of Work |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1863-65 | Six rêveries,pour piano | Printed, but unpublished. Private collection of Mme. d'Armagnac, granddaughter of Duparc. | Piano solo |
| 1867 | Sonate pour violoncelle et piano | Premiered in 1948. Private collection of Mme. d'Armagnac, granddaughter of Duparc. | Cello & piano |
| 1867-69 | Feuilles volantes,pour piano | Piano solo | |
| 1868 | Chanson triste | Published as:Op. 2, no. 4. Text byJean Lahor. | Voice & piano (orchestrated 1912) |
| 1869 | Le galop | Published as:Op. 2, no. 5. Text bySully Prudhomme. Released in 1948. | Voice & piano |
| 1869 | Romance de Mignon | Published as:Op. 2, no. 3. Text by Victor Wilder, based on « Kennst du das Land » byGoethe). | Voice & piano |
| 1869 | Sérénade | Published as:Op. 2, no. 2. Text by Gabriel Marc. | Voice & piano |
| 1869 | Soupir | Published as:Op. 2, no. 1. Text by Sully Prudhomme. Revised 1902. | Voice & piano |
| 1869 | Cinq mélodies, op. 2 | Voice & piano | |
| 1869 | Beaulieu, pour piano | Private collection of Mme. d'Armagnac, granddaughter of Duparc. | Piano solo |
| 1869-70 | Au pays où se fait la guerre | Text by Théophile Gautier. Original title:Absence. Definitive version, 1911–13. | Voice & piano (orchestrated 1876) |
| 1870 | L'invitation au voyage | Text byCharles Baudelaire. Released in 1872. | Voice & piano (orchestrated 1892–95) |
| 1871 | La fuite,duo pour soprano et ténor avec piano | Published as:Op. 2, no. 6. | Duet for voice & piano |
| 1871 | La vague et la cloche | Text byFrançois Coppée. Released in 1873. | Voice & piano (Orchestrated) |
| 1872 | Suite d'orchestre | (Lost). | Orchestral suite |
| 1872-82 | Phidylé | Text byLeconte de Lisle. Released in 1889 | Voice & piano (orchestrated, 1891–92) |
| 1873 | Laendler,suite de valses pour orchestre | (Destroyed). | Orchestral suite |
| 1873 | Laendler (version for two pianos) | Two pianos | |
| 1874 | Poème nocturne : I. Aux étoiles - II. Lutins et follets - III. Duo: L’aurore | Part lost, only:I. Aux étoiles is extant. Premiered in Paris on 11 April 1874 at the Société Nationale de Musique Moderne. | Orchestral work |
| 1874 | Elégie | Text by Ellen MacSwiney (wife of Duparc) afterThomas Moore. | Voice & piano |
| 1874 | Extase | Text by Jean Lahor. Released 1882. Revised 1884. | Voice & piano |
| 1875 | Lénore | Based on theballad of the same name byGottfried August Bürger. | Symphonic poem |
| 1875 | Lénore (version for two pianos) | transcription for 2 pianos (1884) byCamille Saint-Saëns | Two pianos |
| 1877 | Suite pour le piano | (Lost). | Piano solo |
| 1879 | Le manoir de Rosemonde | Text byRobert de Bonnières | Voice & piano (orchestrated 1912) |
| 1879-95 | Roussalka,opéra en trois actes | Unfinished. Based onРусалка (Rusalka), an unfinished dramatic poem byAlexander Pushkin. Destroyed except for "Absence," republished as "Au pays où se fait la guerre". | Opera in 3 acts |
| 1880 | Sérénade florentine | Text by Jean Lahor. Released 1882. | Voice & piano |
| 1882 | Benedicat vobis Dominus | Motet for three mixed voices and organ (or piano). | Choral music |
| 1883 | Lamento | Text byThéophile Gautier. | Voice & piano |
| 1883 | Testament | Text byPaul Armand Silvestre. Released in 1898. | Voice & piano (orchestrated 1900–02) |
| 1884 | La vie antérieure | Text byCharles Baudelaire. | Voice & piano (orchestrated 1911–13) |
| 1886 | Recueillement | Unfinished. (Destroyed). | Voice & piano? |
| 1892 | Danse lente | Extract fromRoussalka. Copied byErnest Ansermet. Preserved by Éditions Salabert. | Orchestral work |
| 1903 | Transcription of two works for organ by J.S. Bach: Prélude and fugue in E minor ("Cathedral"), BWV 513 Prélude and fugue in A minor ("The Great"), BWV 543 | Two pianos | |
| 1908 | Transcription of six organ works by César Franck | Two pianos | |
| 1910 | Aux étoiles,pour piano | Also: version for piano four hands, & version for organ. Revised 1911. | Piano solo |
| 1911 | Aux étoiles | Entr'acte for an unpublished drama. | Orchestral work |
| (n.d.) | Transcription of a work for organ by J.S. Bach: Chorale Prélude and Fugue:In dir ist Freude, BWV 615 | Private collection ofErnest Ansermet | Two pianos |