Before he became a member of parliament, Bontenbal worked in the energy sector and advised the CDA on energy issues. He participated in the2021 general election but failed to be directly elected. In June 2021, he was first appointed to the House of Representatives as the temporary replacement ofPieter Omtzigt. He became a permanent member of parliament in January 2022 after having replacedHarry van der Molen [nl] during his sick leave.
Bontenbal was born inVreewijk,Rotterdam as the fourth in a family of eight children and grew up in its southern borough ofIJsselmonde (initially in theLombardijen neighborhood). His father worked as a municipal cartographer in Rotterdam.[1][2][3][4][5] After graduating atgymnasium level from the Guido de Brès high school, he studied physics atLeiden University and he became interested inclimate change mitigation in the last phase of his studies.[1][3][6][7] He decided to stop flying in 2006.[8]
Bontenbal started his career at sustainability consultancy DWA.[9] In 2011 – after four years at DWA – he took a job as a policy officer for the CDA's caucus in theHouse of Representatives, focusing on sustainability, energy, and the environment. Bontenbal became an independent consultant specialized inrenewable energy generation in 2013 and served at the same time as a junior fellow of the CDA's scientific bureau.[9][10] In July 2015, he started working as senior strategy consultant at gas and electricity network operator Stedin.[11] Bontenbal was placed 94th on the 2018 edition of the Duurzame 100 (Sustainable 100), a yearly list published by newspaperTrouw with the one hundred most influential Dutch people in sustainability. He had previously criticized the list, calling it elitist and lacking of people who contribute behind the scenes.[12]
While working for Stedin, he frequently wroteop-eds and commented on energy policy in the media. He also recorded a 36-episode podcast series with energy researcher Remco de Boer in the years 2018–20 about the subject, calledBontenbal & de Boer.[3][13] Bontenbal has supported anenergy transition away fromnatural gas and has called it necessary to considerbiomass andnuclear power for achieving climate goals.[14][15][16] He has also decried political parties that have solely blamed corporations for climate change.[17] In 2019, when thethird Rutte cabinet was struggling withreactive nitrogen emissions, Bontenbal toldTrouw that the CDA would not have a future if it would keep advertising itself as a party for the countryside. He explained that farmers, while important, are just one group of people, and that the CDA should have a story that resonates with the whole of society.[18]
Bontenbal was the CDA's seventeenth candidate in the2021 general election. He received 1,345preference votes, and he was not elected, because the CDA won fifteen seats in the House of Representatives.[19] Bontenbal was appointed to the House on 1 June 2021 as the temporary replacement ofPieter Omtzigt, who went on sick leave.[20] He simultaneously left Stedin.[21] His focus in the House was on climate, energy,sustainable transport, and digital affairs.[3] Omtzigt returned to the House of Representatives from his leave on 15 September, bringing an end to Bontenbal's term.[11] However, Bontenbal was again sworn into the House on 29 September.[22]Joba van den Berg, who was temporarily replacing Harry van der Molen during his sick leave, became a permanent member of the body followingMona Keijzer's resignation. This caused a vacancy for Van der Molen's seat until his planned return on 28 December, which was filled by Bontenbal.[23] After a short period without House membership, Bontenbal was sworn in for a third time – this time as a permanent House member – on 18 January 2022 as the replacement ofWopke Hoekstra, who had joined the newfourth Rutte cabinet.[24] Bontenbal became secretary of the CDA caucus.[25]
With the CDA's scientific institute, he presented their climate vision in September 2021. It called for a greenindustrial policy and for talks with major polluters to make binding agreements about reducing emissions. The document also advocated government investments in infrastructure for thehydrogen economy.[26] That same month, he said that it might be necessary for the government to buyTata Steel'sblast furnace inIJmuiden either partly or in its entirety in order to make it more sustainable.[27] Together withSilvio Erkens (VVD), Bontenbal pled for two new nuclear reactors – as was agreed upon in the coalition agreement – to be constructed and operated by a new state-owned company that would also seek private investment.[28] Besides, he suggested in early 2022 to buildsmall modular reactors to further reduce dependency on fossil fuels, calling it a promising development.[29] Whileglobal energy prices were steeply increasing, Bontenbal and Erkens proposed five measures to relieve consumers to Minister for Climate and Energy PolicyRob Jetten in October 2022. Their recommendations included mandating energy suppliers to offer fixed contracts, forbidding them to give discounts to new customers, and subjecting them to a yearlystress test as well as strengthening consumer protections in case of bankruptcy. The CDA and VVD had been responsible for liberalizing the energy market as part of thesecond Balkenende cabinet.[30] Amotion by Bontenbal andSuzanne Kröger (GroenLinks) later passed the House that called on the government to prohibit door-to-door and over-the-phone sales of energy contracts.[31] Furthermore, following a call by theConsumentenbond, Bontenbal filed a motion to force the government to investigate a potential ban onloot boxes – purchases of randomized prizes in video games – out of a concern for gambling addiction among children. It was carried by the House in July 2022.[32]
As a result of disagreements about asylum reforms within the governing coalition, thefourth Rutte cabinet collapsed on 7 July 2023. Party leader Wopke Hoekstra announced days later that he would not be thelead candidate in asnap election to be held in November following disappointing results in previous elections.[33][34] Polls were predicting the CDA would lose over half of its 14 House seats.[35] The party's board nominated Bontenbal as lead candidate on 14 August.[36] In his acceptance speech, he said that inequality had risen to high levels and that liberal and progressive parties centered around the individual, while he believed the CDA's campaign should revolve around a sense of community, values and norms, decency, solidarity, and responsibility.[37][38] Commenting on the party's electoral troubles, he said that the party should have carried out its ideals more clearly and that it had compromised too much.[39] To ensure the security of people's livelihoods, Bontenbal proposed in another speech to provide ajob guarantee, support families with increased benefits, and lower income taxes through a hike in thewealth tax – revealing part of theparty program.[40][41] In late August, when former CDA member Pieter Omtzigt announced that he would participate with his own new party –New Social Contract – the CDA fell to three seats in polls.[42]
When the House returned from its summer recess on 5 September, Bontenbal succeededPieter Heerma as the CDA'sparliamentary leader.[43] In the2023 Dutch general election the CDA lost 10 of their 15 seats, getting the fewest number of seats in the party's history.[44] Besides his position as parliamentary leader, Bontenbal has since served as the CDA's spokesperson for European affairs, immigration, climate, and energy.[45] In response to the increasing number of motions filed in the House, which exceeded 5,000 for the first time in 2022, Bontenbal proposed limiting the number each parliamentary group can submit.[46] He revised the CDA's stance onconsumer fireworks atNew Year by supporting a nationwide ban, citing their use in violent acts against first responders.[47] When the right-wingSchoof cabinet presented its2025 budget that included €2 billion in education cuts, Bontenbal formed the self-named "unholy alliance" with centrist and conservative opposition parties. To gain support in theSenate, the governing coalition agreed in December 2024 to reverse €750 million of the cuts. Bontenbal did not embrace the revised budget, declaring that they had made "a bad budget less bad".[48] Along withGeert Wilders, he was named Dutch Politician of the Year 2024 in a poll byGoedemorgen Nederland [nl] andIpsos I&O.[49]
During the election campaign for theOctober 2025 general election, Bontenbal said in aNieuwsuur interview that there can be friction between Articles 23 (freedom of education) and 1 (principle of equality) of theConstitution, and that this tension must sometimes be accepted. He specifically stated that religious schools are allowed to express their views and that this can lead to them rejecting gay students, and that parents in such cases can send their child to another school. He later apologized for the comments.[50]
Until he moved toRidderkerk as a member of parliament, Bontenbal had lived in the southern part ofRotterdam his entire life. He met his wife Hanneke as a member of the Reformed student association CSFR. She works as a midwife inCharlois, and the couple got married in 2006. They have two sons.[51][52][53][54] Bontenbal plays the piano and the saxophone, and he is a fan of Russian composer and pianistSergei Rachmaninoff.[3][55] On a 2023 campaign stop inKampen, he played on the organ of itsBovenkerk, calling it his boyhood dream.[56]
^Van Schoonhoven, Gertjan (23 September 2023). "Een kind van de tuinstad" [A child of the garden city].Elsevier Weekblad (in Dutch). Vol. 79, no. 38. p. 30.
^Bontenbal, Henri (1 July 2020).""Emotie regeert in biomassadebat"" ["Emotions control biomass debate"].Reformatorisch Dagblad (Interview) (in Dutch). Interviewed by Michiel Kerpel. Retrieved17 July 2021.
^"Henri Bontenbal beëdigd als CDA-Kamerlid" [Henri Bontenbal sworn in as House member of the CDA].Tweede Kamer der Staten-Generaal (Press release) (in Dutch). 29 September 2021. Retrieved28 November 2021.
^Vrijsen, Eric (7 September 2022)."Stijgers & dalers van 2022 in Den Haag" [Rising and falling politicians of 2022].Elsevier Weekblad (in Dutch). Retrieved8 August 2023.
^"Proces-verbaal verkiezingsuitslag Tweede Kamer 2021" [Report of the election results House of Representatives 2021](PDF).Dutch Electoral Council (in Dutch). 29 March 2021. pp. 22–60, 162. Retrieved21 December 2023.
Bold indicates theparliamentary leader (first mentioned) and theSpeaker; (Brackets) indicate a temporarily absent member; Italics indicate a temporary member; ‹Guillemets› indicate a member who has left the House of Representatives
Bold indicates a (former)parliamentary leader and theSpeaker; ‹ › indicates a member who left the House earlier during the term, or switched to a different parliamentary group; ° indicates a member who entered the House later during the term; * indicates a member whose membership was interrupted during the term. See also:Members of the Senate of the Netherlands, 2023–2027
