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Henichesk Генічеськ | |
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  Henichesk Location of Henichesk Show map of Kherson Oblast Henichesk Henichesk (Ukraine) Show map of Ukraine | |
| Coordinates:46°10′N34°48′E / 46.167°N 34.800°E /46.167; 34.800 | |
| Country |  Ukraine |
| Oblast | Kherson Oblast |
| Raion | Henichesk Raion |
| Hromada | Henichesk urban hromada |
| Founded | 1784 |
| City status | 1938 |
| Area | |
• Total | 7.04 km2 (2.72 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 16 m (52 ft) |
| Population (2022) | |
• Total | 18,889 |
| • Density | 2,680/km2 (6,950/sq mi) |
| Postal code | 75500-75509 |
| Area code | (+380) 5534 |
| Vehicle registration | BT / 22 |
| Website | www |
Henichesk (Ukrainian:Генічеськ,IPA:[ɦeˈn⁽ʲ⁾itʃesʲk];Russian:Геническ,romanized: Genichesk,IPA:[ɡʲɪˈnʲitɕɪsk]) is a port city along theSea of Azov inKherson Oblast, southernUkraine. It serves as theadministrative centre ofHenichesk Raion. Since 9 November 2022, it has served as the temporary administrative centre of theRussian occupation administration in the region. Henichesk also hosts the administration ofHenichesk urban hromada, one of thehromadas of Ukraine.[1][2] In January 2022, Henichesk had an estimated population of18,889.[3]
As a result of theRussian invasion of Ukraine, the city has been under Russian occupation. Following the2022 Ukrainian southern counteroffensive, Henichesk became thede facto administrative centre of the oblast under Russian occupation.[4][5][6][7]
In 1640Evliya Çelebi mentioned a Chenishke fortress. The name Henichesk is derived from a Turkic root for "narrow" referring to a thin strip of Azov Sea nearby. In 1648Guillaume de Beauplan described it: "is but two hundred paces over, and fordable in calm weather".[8]
After theannexation of Crimean Khanate, Henichesk was founded as a fort by theRussian Empire in 1784[9] and from 1812 was also known as Ust-Ozivske. It was a port and a trade center on the salt route that went fromCrimea north to Ukraine and Russia. At the turn of the 20th century, it was the location of one of the largest flour mills in southern Ukraine.[10]
DuringWorld War II, the town was occupied byNazi Germany. The Germans operated a prison in the town.[11]
On 24 February 2022, Henichesk was seized by theRussian army as a result of the escalatingRusso-Ukrainian War. During this process, an incident occurred where an old woman confronted Russian soldiers and said "Put sunflower seeds in your pockets so they grow on Ukraine soil when you die."[12] The city was also the scene of the death ofVitalii Skakun, who died blowing up a bridge in an attempt to stop the Russian advance.[13][better source needed][14][15][16]
On 18 April, Russian forces restored the monument ofLenin, which had been removed by the Ukrainian government as part of the country'sdecommunization process.[17][18]
On 3 June,Volodymyr Zelenskyy decreed the creation of a military administration for the city.[19]
On 9 November, separatist leader and deputy head of themilitary–civilian administration of Russian-occupied Kherson,Kirill Stremousov, died in a crash near Henichesk.[20]
On 21 November,Ismail Abdullaiev and theTavria TV channel relocated to Henichesk fromKherson after it was recaptured by Ukrainian forces.[21]
Under theKöppen climate classification, Henichesk has ahumid continental climate that closely borders on asemi-arid climate with cold winters and warm summers.
| Climate data for Henichesk (1991–2020, extremes 1883–present) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 13.9 (57.0) | 18.3 (64.9) | 22.4 (72.3) | 30.0 (86.0) | 31.8 (89.2) | 35.3 (95.5) | 38.3 (100.9) | 38.7 (101.7) | 36.8 (98.2) | 29.2 (84.6) | 23.6 (74.5) | 17.8 (64.0) | 38.7 (101.7) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 1.7 (35.1) | 2.7 (36.9) | 7.5 (45.5) | 14.1 (57.4) | 21.3 (70.3) | 26.4 (79.5) | 29.3 (84.7) | 28.8 (83.8) | 22.7 (72.9) | 15.5 (59.9) | 8.5 (47.3) | 3.7 (38.7) | 15.2 (59.4) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −1.0 (30.2) | −0.4 (31.3) | 3.9 (39.0) | 10.2 (50.4) | 17.0 (62.6) | 21.8 (71.2) | 24.4 (75.9) | 23.8 (74.8) | 18.2 (64.8) | 11.7 (53.1) | 5.6 (42.1) | 1.0 (33.8) | 11.4 (52.5) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −3.2 (26.2) | −2.9 (26.8) | 1.2 (34.2) | 6.8 (44.2) | 12.9 (55.2) | 17.3 (63.1) | 19.5 (67.1) | 19.0 (66.2) | 14.0 (57.2) | 8.4 (47.1) | 3.1 (37.6) | −1.2 (29.8) | 7.9 (46.2) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −30.3 (−22.5) | −28.0 (−18.4) | −18.4 (−1.1) | −9.0 (15.8) | −2.2 (28.0) | 0.2 (32.4) | 8.4 (47.1) | 6.0 (42.8) | −5.4 (22.3) | −12.2 (10.0) | −20.8 (−5.4) | −22.1 (−7.8) | −30.3 (−22.5) |
| Averageprecipitation mm (inches) | 36 (1.4) | 29 (1.1) | 34 (1.3) | 32 (1.3) | 37 (1.5) | 40 (1.6) | 24 (0.9) | 28 (1.1) | 32 (1.3) | 31 (1.2) | 33 (1.3) | 38 (1.5) | 394 (15.5) |
| Average precipitation days(≥ 1.0 mm) | 7.3 | 5.9 | 6.8 | 5.8 | 5.8 | 5.3 | 3.2 | 2.8 | 4.2 | 5.2 | 5.8 | 6.8 | 64.9 |
| Averagerelative humidity (%) | 88.5 | 85.8 | 81.2 | 75.4 | 71.7 | 67.9 | 64.8 | 64.3 | 71.9 | 80.1 | 86.0 | 88.6 | 77.2 |
| Mean monthlysunshine hours | 46.5 | 77.0 | 130.2 | 208.5 | 308.5 | 306.0 | 311.6 | 310.0 | 232.5 | 161.2 | 55.5 | 43.4 | 2,190.8 |
| Source 1: Pogoda.ru[22]NCEI (humidity and precipitation 1991–2020)[23] | |||||||||||||
| Source 2: Climatebase.ru (sun 1891–2005)[24] | |||||||||||||
Ethnic makeup of the town according to the 2001 Ukrainian census:[25]
| percent | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ukrainians | 69.50% | |||
| Russians | 26.12% | |||
| Tatars | 1.47% | |||
| Belarusians | 0.49% | |||
| Armenians | 0.29% | |||
| Moldovans | 0.14% | |||
| Jews | 0.11% | |||
Distribution by native language:[26]
| percent | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Russian | 69.0% | |||
| Ukrainian | 29.4% | |||
| Others | 1.5% | |||
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