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Hemisyntrachelus

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Extinct genus of cetaceans

Hemisyntrachelus Temporal range:Late Miocene-Quaternary ~5.333–1.806 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N ↓

Hemisyntrachelus cortesii skull
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Mammalia
Order:	Artiodactyla
Infraorder:	Cetacea
Family:	Delphinidae
Subfamily:	Orcininae
Genus:	†Hemisyntrachelus Brandt 1873
Species
H. cortesiiFischer 1829 H. oligodonPilleri and Siber 1989 H. pisanusBiannuci 1996
Synonyms
Delphinus cortesii

Hemisyntrachelus is an extinctgenus ofcetacean.^[1]^[2]^[3]

Fossil records

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This genus is known in thefossil records from thelatest Miocene to theQuaternary (age range: from 5.332 to 1.806 million years ago). Fossils are found in the marine strata ofItaly, theNetherlands, theBahía Inglesa Formation of theCaldera Basin,Chile and in the fossiliferousPisco Formation ofPeru.^[2]^[3]

Species

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The following species have thus far been classified as belonging to this genus:.^[2]^[3]

Hemisyntrachelus cortesii Fischer 1829
Hemisyntrachelus oligodon Pilleri and Siber 1989
Hemisyntrachelus pisanus Biannuci 1996

Description

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Hemisyntrachelus cortesii lived about three million years ago (from 3.6 to 2.588 mya).^[3] Its fossil skeleton reaches a length of about 3 metres (9.8 ft) and it has been found only in La Torrazza, Italy. This species shows intermediate characters between thebottlenose dolphin and thekiller whale. It fed on large fishes and squids.

Hemisyntrachelus oligodon lived from 7.246 to 5.332 million years ago. Fossils have been found only in thePisco Formation of Peru.^[3]

Hemisyntrachelus pisanus could reach a length of about 5 metres (16 ft). It was widespread in the Mediterranea Sea during theMiocene. Fossils have been found only inOrciano, which is in a Piacenzian coastal claystone in Italy.

Gallery

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Skull cast ofHemisyntrachelus cortesii
Skull cast ofHemisyntrachelus pisanus

References

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^Bianucci, G.; Vaiani, S. C.; Casati, S. (2009). "A new delphinid record (Odontoceti, Cetacea) from the Early Pliocene of Tuscany (Central Italy): Systematics and biostratigraphic considerations".Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie - Abhandlungen.254 (3): 275.doi:10.1127/0077-7749/2009/0018.
^^a ^b ^cGlobal Biodiversity Information Facility article onHemisyntrachelus, accessed 11/10/13
^^a ^b ^c ^d ^eHemisyntrachelus atFossilworks.org

†Agorophius †Ankylorhiza †Archaeodelphis †Argyrocetus †Ashleycetus †Caolodelphis †Chilcacetus †Enigmatocetus †Eoplatanista †Inticetus †Macrodelphinus †Microcetus †Mirocetus †Neosqualodon †Olympicetus †Papahu †Patriocetus †Phoberodon †Phococetus †Prosqualodon †Sachalinocetus †Simocetus †Sulakocetus †Tangaroasaurus
†Xenorophidae	Albertocetus Cotylocara Echovenator Inermorostrum Xenorophus
†Waipatiidae	Awamokoa Ediscetus Nihohae Nihoroa Otekaikea Urkudelphis Waipatia
†Squalodontidae	Eosqualodon Squalodon
†Squaloziphiidae	Crisocetus? Squaloziphius Yaquinacetus
†Eurhinodelphinidae	Ceterhinops Eurhinodelphis Iniopsis Mycteriacetus Phocaenopsis Schizodelphis Vanbreenia Xiphiacetus Ziphiodelphis
Crown-Odontoceti	see below↓

Crown-Odontoceti

Physeteroidea

†Acrophyseter †Albicetus †Brygmophyseter †Eudelphis †Hoplocetus †Livyatan †Miophyseter †Rhaphicetus †Scaldicetus †Zygophyseter
Kogiidae	†Aprixokogia Kogia †Koristocetus †Nanokogia †Platyscaphokogia †Pliokogia †Praekogia †Scaphokogia †Thalassocetus?
Physeteridae	†Aulophyseter †Cozzuoliphyseter †Diaphorocetus †Idiophyseter †Idiorophus †Orycterocetus Physeter †Physeterula †Placoziphius †Thalassocetus?

Platanistoidea

†Aondelphis †Dolgopolis †Ensidelphis †Perditicetus †Eurhinodelphinidae? †Squalodontidae? †Waipatiidae?
†Allodelphinidae?	Allodelphis Arktocara Goedertius Ninjadelphis Zarhinocetus
†Squalodelphinidae?	Furcacetus Huaridelphis Macrosqualodelphis Medocinia Notocetus Phocageneus Squalodelphis
Platanistidae	†Araeodelphis †Dilophodelphis †Grimadelphis †Pachyacanthus? †Pebanista Platanista †Pomatodelphis †Prepomatodelphis †Zarhachis?

Ziphiidae

†Aporotus †Beneziphius †Caviziphius †Chavinziphius †Chimuziphius †Choneziphius †Dagonodum †Globicetus †Imocetus †Messapicetus †Nazcacetus †Nenga †Ninoziphius †Notoziphius †Pterocetus Tasmacetus †Tusciziphius †Xhosacetus †Ziphirostrum
Berardiinae	†Archaeoziphius Berardius †Microberardius
Ziphiinae	†Izikoziphius Ziphius
Hyperoodontinae	†Africanacetus Hyperoodon †Ihlengesi Indopacetus Mesoplodon

Delphinida	see below↓

Delphinida

†Albireo †Atocetus †Brevirostrodelphis †Cammackacetus †Delphinodon †Hadrodelphis †Herbeinodelphis †Liolithax †Lophocetus †Macrokentriodon †Miminiacetus †Odobenocetops †Pictodelphis †Pithanodelphis †Tagicetus †Westmorelandelphis
†Kentriodontidae	Belonodelphis? Kampholophos Kentriodon Platysvercus Sophianacetus Rudicetus Wimahl
Lipotidae	Lipotes †Parapontoporia †Prolipotes

Inioidea

†Awadelphis
Iniidae	†Brujadelphis †Goniodelphis Inia †Ischyrorhynchus †Isoninia? †Isthminia †Kwanzacetus †Meherrinia †Plicodontinia †Saurocetes
Pontoporiidae	†Atocetus? †Auroracetus †Brachydelphis †Piscorhynchus †Pliopontos †Pontistes †Protophocaena †Samaydelphis †Scaldiporia †Stenasodelphis Pontoporia

Delphinoidea

Monodontidae	†Bohaskaia †Casatia Delphinapterus †Denebola †Haborodelphis Monodon
Phocoenidae	†Archaeophocaena †Australithax †Haborophocoena †Lomacetus †Miophocaena Neophocaena †Numataphocoena Phocoena Phocoenoides †Piscolithax †Pterophocaena? †Semirostrum †Septemtriocetus

Delphinidae

†Arimidelphis †Australodelphis †Eodelphinus †Etruridelphis †Hemisyntrachelus Lagenorhynchus Leucopleurus †Norisdelphis Orcinus †Platalearostrum †Pliodelphis †Pterophocaena?
Lissodelphininae	Aethalodelphis Cephalorhynchus Lissodelphis
Delphininae	Delphinus Lagenodelphis Sotalia Sousa Stenella Tursiops
Globicephalinae	Feresa Globicephala Grampus Orcaella Peponocephala Pseudorca Steno

Taxon identifiers
Hemisyntrachelus	Wikidata:Q3784782 GBIF:4832429 IRMNG:1057600 Open Tree of Life:3612076 Paleobiology Database:36724

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Fossil records

Species

Description

Gallery

References

Further reading